PRESBYTERIAN  I'^HICAL  SOCIETY. 

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DOUGLASS  SERIES 


OF 


CHRISTIAN  GREEK  AND  LATIN  WRITERS. 


FOK  USE  IN  SCHOOLS  AND  COLLEGES. 


Vol.  I. 
LATIN  HYMNS. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2012  with  funding  from 

Calvin  College 


http://archive.org/details/lathymnwitOOma 


LATIN    HYMNS, 


WITH  ENGLISH  NOTES. 


FOR  USE  IN   SCHOOLS   AND   COLLEGES. 


By  F.  A.  MARCH,  LL.D., 

PROFESSOR   OF  COMPARATIVE  PHILOLOGY  IN  LAFAYETTE   COLLEGE. 


NEW    YORK: 

HARPER  &    BROTHERS,  PUBLISHERS, 

FRANKLIN      SQUARE. 

1894. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1874,  by 

Harper   &   Brothers, 

In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 


NOTICE. 


It  is  remarkable  that  no  place  has  been  given  in  the 

schools    and  colleges    of  England  and  America  to  the 

Cj  Cj 

writings  of  the  early  Christians.  For  many  centuries, 
and  down  to  what  is  called  the  Pagan  renaissance,  they 
were  the  common  linguistic  study  of  educated  Christians. 
The  stern  piety  of  those  times  thought  it  wrong  to  dally 
with  the  sensual  frivolities  of  heathen  poets,  and  never 
imagined  it  possible  that  the  best  years  of  youth  should 
be  spent  in  mastering  the  refinements  of  a  mythology 
and  life  which  at  first  they  feared  and  loathed,  and  which 
at  last  became  as  remote  and  unreal  to  them  as  the  Veda 
is  to  us. 

Classical  Philology,  however,  took  its  ideal  of  beauty 
from  Pagan 'Greece,  and  it  has  filled  our  schools  with 
those  books  which  are  its  best  representatives. 

The  modern  Science  of  Language  has  again  changed 
the  point  of  view.  It  gives  the  first  place  to  truth ;  it 
seeks  to  know  man,  his  thoughts,  his  growth  ;  it  looks  on 
the  literature  of  an  age  as  a  daguerreotype  of  the  age;  it 
values  books  according  to  their  historical  significance. 
The  writings  of  the  early  Christians  embody  the  history 
of  the  most  important  events  known  to  man,  in  language 
not  unworthy  of  the  events;  and  the  study  of  Latin  and 
Greek  as  vehicles  of  Christian  thought  should  be  the 
most  fruitful  study  known  to  Philology,  and  have  its 
place  of  honor  in  the  University  Course. 

The  present  Series  owes  its  origin  to  an  endowment 


vi  NOTICE. 

by  Mr.  Benjamin  Douglass  for  the  study  of  these  authors 
in  Lafayette  Cpllege.  Each  volume  will  be  prepared 
with  critical  text,  introduction,  and  notes,  like  the  cur- 
rent approved  text-books  for  college  study.  They  will 
be  edited  by  F.  A.  March,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Compara- 
tive Philology  in  Lafayette  College,  with  such  help  as 
may  be  found  desirable.     Two  volumes  are  now  ready  : 

LATIN  HYMNS,  with  English  Xotes.  For  use  in  Schools  and 
Colleges.  By  F.  A.  .March,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Comparative 
Philology  in  Lafayette  College.     12mo,  Cloth,  $1  75. 

THE  ECCLESIASTICAL  HISTORY  OF  EUSEBIUS.  The 
Firsl  Book  and  Selections.  Edited  for  Schools  and  Colleges 
by  F.  A.  Mauch,  LL.D.     With  an  Introduction  by  A.  Ballard, 

D.D  ,  Professor  of  Christian  Greek  and  Latin  in  Lafayette  Col- 
•  ;  and  Explanatory  Notes  by  ^V.  I>.  Owen,  A.M.,  Adj.  Pro- 
fessor of  Christian  Greek.     12mo,  Cloth,  §1  75. 

A  volume  of  Tertullian  and  one  of  Athanagoras  are  in 
press,  and  may  be  expected  in  time  for  the  fall  term  of 
1875.  Should  the  Series  be  welcomed,  it  will  be  contin- 
ued with  volumes  of  Augustine,  Cyprian,  Lactantius, 
Justin  Martyr,  Chrysostom,  and  others,  in  number  suffi- 
cient for  a  complete  college  course. 


PREFACE. 


Almost  all  our  elder  scholars  have  favorite  Latin 
hymns,  just  as  they  have  favorite  poems  in  German  or 
Old  English,  but  they  do  not  seem  to  have  thought  of 
them  for  college  study ;  that  was  reserved  in  the  old 
time  for  a  handful  of  authors  of  the  so-called  classical 
periods  of  Latin  and  Greek.  But  since  the  modern 
Science  of  Language  has  widened  the  view,  and  we 
are  welcoming  text-books  in  German  and  English  and 
Anglo-Saxon,  and  even  in  Sanskrit  and  Chinese,  it 
will  no  longer  be  a  fatal  objection  to  the  Hymns  that 
they  are  not  Horatian  or  Ciceronian.  The  study  of 
literature  is  useful  mainly  to  develop  character.  It 
is  the  study  of  what  the  great  and  good  have  thought 
and  felt  and  done.  By  a  careful  study  of  their  words, 
we  are  enabled  rapidly  to  think  their  thoughts,  to  re- 
peat in  our  experience  their  aspirations  and  resolves, 
and-to  recognize  and  accept  their  ideals.  Those  books 
of  literature  are  the  highest  educational  powers  which 
contain  the  most  truthful  delineation  and  expression 
of  the  noblest  character.  Christian  is  a  better  word 
than  Augustan.     For  inspiring  and  elevating  thought, 


VI 11  PREFACE. 

and  fur  vigor,  harmony,  and  simplicity  of  language, 
the  Hymns  are  better  than  any  Augustan  Odes.  They 
are  the  true  Latin  folk  poems  ;  they  have  been  called 
c>  the  Bible  of  the  people." 

They  are  a  valuable  study  also  from  the  biograph- 
ical, historical,  and  literary  matter  that  comes  up  in 
reading  them.  The  authors  are  many  of  them  the  he- 
roes of  their  generation,  kings  in  the  realms  of  thought 
or  action.  Interesting  events  are  connected  with  their 
composition  or  history,  and  they  are  full  of  allusion  to 
the  great  works  of  the  older  period,  the  Bible  and  the 
fathers  of  the  Church.  There  is  great  variety  in  the 
subjects,  the  meters,  and  the  style  of  the  hymns. 

The  works  to  which  I  have  been  most  indebted  for 
the  materials  of  this  collection  are  the  following :  H. 
A.Daniel:  Thesaurus  Hynmologicus.  Lipsiae,  1841- 
1856,  5  vols. — F.  J.  Mone  :  Lateinische  Ilymnen  des 
Mittelalters.  Freiburg,  1853-1855,  3  vols.  —  Piiilipp 
Wackernagel:  Das  Deutsche  Kirchenlied,  etc.,  vol.  i. 
(Latin  Hymns).  Leipzig,  1864. — R.  C.  Trench  :  Sa- 
cred Latin  Poetry,  chiefly  Lyrical.  2d  ed.,  London  and 
Cambridge,  1864. — J.  M.  Neale:  Mediaeval  Ilvmns 
and  Sequences.  London,  1867. — Mrs.  Charles:  The 
Voice  of  Christian  Life  in  Song.  New  York,  1867. — 
I'muv  Schaff,  Christ  in  Song.  New  York,  1868.— G. 
A.  Konigsfeld:  Lateinische  Ilymnen  unci  Gesange, 
etc.  IJunn,  1847-1865,  2  vols.  I  have  consulted  many 
other  books  of  collections  and  translations,  as  well  as 


PREFACE.  IX 

the  hymns  to  be  found  in  the  editions  of  the  works  of 
separate  authors;  and  I  wish  to  present  my  thanks  to 
Dr.  H.  B.  Smith,  Professor  and  lately  Librarian  in 
Union  Theological  Seminary  in  the  City  of  New  York, 
and  to  Dr.  R.  D.  Hitchcock,  of  the  same  seminary,  for 
aid  in  finding  the  best  works  for  my  purpose,  and  for 
procuring  me  the  use  of  rare  old  books  from  the  libra- 
ry of  the  seminary. 

Almost  all  the  hymns  here  given  may,  however,  be 
found  in  Daniel,  Mone,  or  Wackernagel,  many  of  them 
in  all  three.  The  illustrations  from  the  writings  of 
the  Christian  fathers  are  mostly  in  Daniel  or  Mone; 
those  from  the  Greek  in  Mone.  I  hope  I  have  taken 
every  thing  good  that  there  is  in  Trench,  and  pret- 
ty much  all  of  Trench  is  good ;  I  may  say  the  same 
thing  of  Dr.  S  chaff's  Christ  in  Song,  and  repeat  it  with 
more  emphasis  of  Mrs.  Charles's  Christian  Life  in  Song. 
There  is  hardly  one  of  the  many  hymns  translated  by 
her  which  I  have  not  chosen  to  put  in  this  collection. 
tier  book  is  also  a  storehouse  of  interesting  general 
description  and  criticism,  and  of  valuable  illustrative 
anecdotes  and  extracts  from  the  older  authors. 

Among  the  thousands  of  Latin  hymns,  there  are 
doubtless  many  which  other  students  of  them  would 
have  preferred  to  some  of  these.  Sometimes  a  famous 
author,  or  a  peculiar  meter,  or  some  historical  associa- 
tion, has  given  a  hymn  a  place  it  would  not  otherwise 
have  obtained.     It  is  likely  that  there  are  some  omit- 

A  2* 


X  PREFACE. 

ted  which  I  should  prefer,  but  which  have  not  attract- 
ed my  careful  attention.  I  shall  esteem  it  a  kindness 
if  any  one  will  tell  me  of  favorite  hymns,  or  other  mat- 
te]-, which  he  would  like  to  see  introduced  if  a  new 
edition  should  be  needed. 

In  the  grammatical  notes,  II.  stands  for  Harkness's 
Latin  Grammar ;  A.  and  G.  for  Allen  and  Greenough's ; 
G.  for  Gildersleeve's ;  M.  for  March's  Comparatiye 
AnMo-Saxon  Grammar. 


F.A.M. 


Lafayette  College,  Easton,  Pa., 
August,  1874. 


CONTENTS. 


HYMNS. 

Page 

I.  Hilarius 1 

II.  Damasus 6 

III.  Ambrosius 8 

Ambrosiani 20 

IV.  Augustiniani 45 

Y.  Prudentius 51 

VI.  Seclulius 59 

VII.  Elpis 62 

VIII.  Fortunatus 64 

IX.  Eugenius 69 

X.  Auctor  Incertus 71 

XL  Gregorius  Magnus 74 

XII.  Beda  Venerabilis 79 

XIII.  Paulus  Diaconus 84 

XIV.  Alcuin ,.  86 

XV.  Theoclulphus 87 

XVI.  Notkerus  Vetustior 88 

XVII.  Auctor  Incertus 90 

XVIII.  Robertus,  Galliae  Rex '. 92 

XIX.  Petrus  Damiani 94 

XX.  Marbod 99 

XXI.  Hildebertus  Turonensis 102 

XXII.  Abaelardus 110 

XXIII.  Bernardus  Claravallensis 114 

XXIV.  Bernardus  Cluniacensis 126 

XXV.  Petrus  Venerabilis 130 

XXVI.  Adam  de  Sc.Victore 134 

XXVII.  Alanus  Insulanus 149 


Ml 


CONTKV!  - 


XXVIII.  Thomas  a  Celano L54 

XXIX.  Bonaventura 157 

XXX.  Thomas  Aquinas 164 

XXXI.  Iacopouus 171 

XXXII.  Thomas  a  Kempis ITS 

XXXIII.  Iohannes  Mauburnus 181 

XXXIV.  Auctores  Incerti 183 

XXXV.  Maria,  Scotiae  Regina 210 

XXXVI.  Lutherus  et  Buttmann 211 

XXXVII.  Toplady  et  Gladstone 213 


XOTES  AND  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


Page 

Hilarius 217  | 

Dainasus.... 221 

Ambrose  and  Ambrosiani...  223 


August!  niani 


240 


Prudentius 244 

Sedulius 248 

Elpis 250 

Fortunatus 25 1 

Eugenius 255 

Apparebit  repentina 256 

Gregory  the  Great 257 

The  Venerable  Bede 261 

Paulus  Diaconus 262 

Alcuin 263 

Theodulphus 264 

Xulker  the  Elder 265 

Ave  .Maria 267 

Robert,  King  of  France 268 

Petrus  Damiani 269 

Marbod 270 


Pag« 

Ilildebert 271 

Abelard 274 

Bernard  of  Clairvaux 276 

Bernard  of  Clugny 279 

Petrus  Venerabilis 281 

Adam  of  St.  Victor 282 

Alanus  Insulanus 290 

Thomas  of  Celano 291 

Bonaventura 296 

Thomas  Aquinas 297 

Iacopouus 300 

Thomas  a  Kempis 303 

John  Mauburne 305 

Anonymous  Hymns 305 

Anselm  of  Lucca 307 

Francis  Xavier 308 

Gotschalk 312 

.Alary,  Queen  of  Scots 313 

Luther  and  Buttmann 314 

Toplady  and  Gladstone 315 


The  Rise  and  Growth  of  the  Latin  Hymns 317 

The  Language  of  the  Hymns,  318. 

The  Metere,319. 

Table  of  Stanzas  used 321 

Alphabetical  Index  by  first  lines  of  all  the  Hymns  and  their 
Meters  329 


I. 

HILARIUS. 


I.    HYMNUS    MATUTINUS. 

Lucis  largitor  splendide, 
Cuius  sereno  lumine 
Post  lapsa  noctis  tempora 
Dies  refusus  panditur; 

Tu  verus  mundi  Lucifer,  5 

Non  is,  qui  parvi  sideris 
Venturae  lucis  nuntius 
Angusto  fulget  lumine, 

Sed  toto  sole  clarior, 
Lux  ipse  totus  et  dies,  10 

Interna  nostri  pectoris 
Illuminans  praecordia : 

Adesto,  rerum  conditor, 
Paternae  lucis  gloria, 
Cuius  admota  gratia  15 

Nostra  patescunt  corpora; 
A 


2  111LARIUS. 

Tuoque  plena  spiritu, 
Secum  Deum  gestantia, 
Ke  rapientis  perfidi 
20  Diris  patescant  fraudibus, 

Ut  inter  actus  seculi 
Vitae  quos  usus  exigit, 
Omni  carentes  crimine 
Tuis  vivamus  legibus. 

25  Probrosas  mentis  castitas 

Carnis  vincat  libidines, 
Sanctumque  puri  corporis 
Delubrum  servet  Spiritus. 


30 


Haec  spes  precantis  animae. 
Haec  sunt  votiva  muneia, 
Ut  matutina  nobis  sit 
Lux  in  noctis  custodiam. 


II.    IIYMNUS    MATUTINUS. 

Deus,  Pater  ingenite. 
Et  Fill  unigenite, 
Quos  Trinitatis  unitas 
Bancto  connectit  Spiritu. 

To  frustra  nullus  invocat, 
Nee  cassis  unquam  vocibus 
Amator  tui  luminis 
Ad  coelum  vultus  erigit. 


HILARIUSo  d 

Et  tu  suspirantem,  Deus, 

Vel  vota  supplicantium,  10 

Vel  corda  confitentium 

Semper  benignus  aspice. 

Nos  lucis  ortus  admonet 

Grates  deferre  debitas, 

Tibique  laudes  dicere,  15 

Quod  nox  obscura  praeterit. 

[Et]  diem  precamm*  bonum, 

Ut  nostros,  Salvator,  actus 

Sinceritate  perpeti 

Pius  benigne  instruas.  20 


III.    DE   LUCT[J   POENITENTIAE. 

Ad  coeli  clara  non  sum  dignus  sidera 
Levare  meos  infelices  oculos, 
Gravi  depressus  peccatorum  pondere: 
Parce,  Redemptor ! 

Bonum  neglexi  facere,  quod  debui,  5 

Probrosa  gessi  sine  fine  crimina, 
Scelus  patravi  nullo  clausum  termino: 
Subveni,  Christe ! 

Lugere  modo  me  permitte,  Domine, 

Mala,  quae  gessi,  reus  ab  infantia,  10 

Lacrimas  mihi  tua  do$et  gratia 

Cordis  ab  imo. 


4  QILABIUS. 

Meis,  ut  puto,  vitiis  Tartarea 
Tormenta  multis  non  valent  sufficere, 
15  Xisi  Bnccurrat,  Christe,  tua  pietas 

Misero  inihi. 

Redemptor  mundi,  unica  spes  omnium, 
Aequalis  Patri  Sanctoque  Spiritui, 
Trinus  et  nuns  Deus  invisibilis, 
20  Mihi  succurre ! 

Si  me  subtili  pensas  sub  libramine, 
Spes  in  me  nulla  reraanet  liduciae, 
Sed  rogativa  me  sal  vet  potentia 
Filius  Dei. 

25  Xriste,  te  semper  recta  fide  labii3 

Confessus,  corde  credidi  orthodoxo, 
Haereticorum  dogma  nefas  respui 
Pectore  puro. 

Ymnum  fideli  modulando  gutture 
30  Arrium  sperno,  latrantem  Sabellium, 

Assensi  nunquam  grunnienti  Simoni 
Fauce  susurra. 

Zelum  pro  Christi  sum  zelatus  nomine. 
Nam  sancta  mater  lacte  me  catholico 
35  Tempus  per  omne  nutrivit  Ecclesia 

Ubere  sacro. 

Gloria  Sanetae  Trinitati  unicae 
Sit  Deo  Patri,  Genito,  Paraclito, 
Laus  meo  sonet  in  ore  perpetuum 
40  Domini   semper. 


HILARIUS. 


IV.    HYMNUS    PENTECOSTALIS. 

Beata  nobis  gaudia 
Anni  reduxit  orbita, 
Cum  Bpirittis  paraclitus 
Illapsus  est  discipulis. 

Ignis  vibrante  lumine  5 

Linguae  figuram  detulit, 
Verbis  ut  essent  proflui, 
Et  charitate  fervidi. 

Linguis  loquuntur  omnium; 
Tnrbae  pavent  gentilium  :  10 

Musto  madere  deputant, 
Quos  Spiritus  repleverat. 

Patrata  sunt  haec  mystice, 
Paschae  peractd  tempore, 
Sacro  dierum  circulo,  15 

Quo  lege  fit  remissio. 

Te  nunc,  Deus  piissime, 
Vultu  precamur  cernuo: 
Illapsa  nobis  coelitus 
Largire  dona  Spiritus  !  20 

Dudum  sacrata  pectora 
Tua  replesti  gratia, 
Dimitte  nostra  crimina, 
Et  da  quieta  temporal 


II. 

DAMASUS 


IIYMNUS    DE    S.  AGATHA. 

Martyris  ecce  dies  Agathae 
Virginis  emicat  eximiae, 
Christus  earn  sibi  qua  sociat 
Et  diadema  duplex  decorat. 

5  Stirpe  deceris,  elegans  specie, 

Sed  magis  actibus  atque  fide, 
Terrea  prospera  nil  reputans, 
Iussa  Dei  sibi  corde  ligans, 

Fortior  haec  trucibusque  viris 
10  Exposuit  sua  membra  flagris; 

Pectore  quam  fuerit  valido 
Torta  mam  ilia  docet  patulo. 

Deliciae  cui  career  erat, 
Pastor  ovem  Petrus  banc  recreat: 
15  Inde  gavisa  magisque  flagrans 

Cuncta  flagella  cucurrit  ovans. 


DAMASUS.  i 

Ethnica  turba  rogum  fugiens 

Huius  et  ipsa  meretur  opem; 

Quos  fidei  titulus  decorat, 

His  venerein  raagis  ipsa  premat.  20 

lam  renitens  quasi  sponsa  polo 
Pro  miseris  supplica  Domino, 
Sic  sua  festa  coli  faciat 
Se  celebrantibus  ut  faveat. 

Gloria  cum  Patre  sit  Genito,  25 

Spirituique  proinde  sacro, 
Qui  Dens  unus  et  omnipotens 
Hanc  nostri  faciat  memorem. 


III. 

A  M  B  R  O  S  I  U  S 


I.    IIYMNUS    MATUTINUS. 

Aeterne  rerum  conditor, 
Noctem  diemque  qui  regis? 
Et  temporum  das  tempora, 
Ut  alleves  fastidinm; 

5  Praeeo  diei  iam  sonat, 

INoctis  profundae  pervigil, 
Noeturna  lux  viantibus, 

A  nocte  noctem  seore^ans. 

Hoc  excitatus  lucifer 
10  Solvit  polum  caligine, 

Hoc  omnis  errorum  chorus 
Viam  nocendi  deserit. 

Hoc  nauta  vires  colligit 
Pontique  mitescunt  freta, 
15  Hoc  ipsa  petra  ecclesiae 

Canente  eulpam  diluit. 


AMBROSIUS.  y 

Surgamus  ergo  strenue ! 

Gallus  iacentes  excitat, 

Et  somnolentos  inerepat, 

Gallus  negantes  arguit.  20 


Gallo  canente  spes  redit, 
Aegris  salus  refunditur, 
Mucro  latronis  conditur, 
Lapsis  fides  revertitur. 

Iesu,  labentes  respice,  25 

Et  nos  videndo  corrige, 
Si  respicis,  lapsus  eadunfc, 
Fletuque  culpa  solvitur. 

Tu  lux  refulge  sensibus, 

Mentisque  somnum  discute,  30 

Te  nostra  vox  primum  sonet 

Et  ore  psallamus  tibi. 


II.    HYMNUS    VESPEKTINUS. 

Deus,  creator  omnium 
Polique  rector,  vestiens 
Diem  decoro  lumine, 
Noctem  soporis  gratia, 

Artus  solutos  ut  quies 
Reddat  laboris  usui, 
Mentesque  fessas  allevet 

Luctusqne  sol  vat  anxios; 

A2 


10  AMBROSIUS. 

Grates  peracto  iam  die 
10  Et  noctis  exortu  preces, 

Votis,  reos  ut  adiuves, 
Hymnum  canentes  solvimus. 


Te  cordis  ima  concinant, 
Te  vox  canora  concrepet, 
15  Te  diligat  castus  amor, 

Te  mens  adoret  sobria; 

Ut,  cum  profunda  elauserit 
Diem  caligo  noctium, 
Fides  tenebras  nesciat 
20  Et  nox  fide  reluceat. 


Dormire  mentem  ne  sinas, 
Dormire  culpa  noverit; 
Castos  fides  refrigerans 
Somni  vaporem  temperet. 

25  Exuta  sensu  lubrico 

Te  cordis  alta  somnient, 
Ne  hostis  invidi  dolo 
Pavor  quietos  suscitet. 

Christum  rogemus  et  Patrem, 
30  Christi  Patrisque  Spiritum, 

Unum  potens  per  omnia 
Fove  precantes  Trinitas. 


AMBROSIUS.  11 


in.    HYMN  US    AD    MATUTINUM. 

Splendor  paternae  gloriae, 
De  luce  lucem  proferens, 
Lux  lucis  et  fons  Inminis^ 
Diem  dies  illuminans, 

Verusque  sol  illabere,  5 

Micans  nitore  perpeti, 
Iubarque  Sancti  Spiritus 
Infunde  nostris  sensibus. 

Votis  vocemus  et  Patrem, 

Patrem  perennis  gloriae,  10 

Patrem  potentis  gratiae, 

Culpam  releget  labricam. 

Informet  actus  strenuos, 

Dentes  retundat  invidi, 

Casus  secundet  asperos,  15 

Donet  gerendi  gratiam. 

Mentem  gubernet  et  regat 

Casto  fideli  covpore, 

Fides  calore  ferveat, 

Fraudis  venena  nesciat.  20 

Christusque  nobis  sit  cibus, 
Potusque  noster  sit  fides, 
Laeti  bibamus  sobriam 
Ebrietatem  spiritus. 


12  AMBROSIUS. 

25  Laetus  dies  hie  transeat, 

Pudor  sit  ut  diluculum, 
Fides  velut  raeridies, 
Crepusculum  mens  nesciat. 

Aurora  cursus  provehit, 
30  Aurora  totus  prodeat, 

In  Patre  totus  Filius 
Et  totus  iu  Verbo  Pater. 


IV.    HYMNUS    IN    ADVENTU    DOMINI. 

Veni,  redemptor  gentium, 
Ostende  partum  virginis, 
Miretur  omne  saeeulum: 
Talis  deeet  partus  Deum. 

5  Non  ex  virili  semine, 

Sed  mystico  spiramine, 
Verbum  Dei  factum  est  cam- 
Fructusque  ventris  floruit. 

Alvns  tumescit  virginis, 
10  Claustruni  pudoris  permaner, 

Vexilla  virtutum  micant, 
Versatur  in  templo  Deus. 

Procedit  o  thalamo  suo, 
Pudoris  aula  regia, 
15  Geminae  gigas  substantiae, 

Alacris  ut  currat  viani. 


AMBROSIUS.  13 

Egressus  eius  a  Patre, 

Regressus  eius  ad  Patrem, 

Excursus  usque  ad  inferos, 

Recursus  ad  sedem  Dei.  20 

Aequalis  aeterno  Patri 
Carnis  tropaeo  cingere, 
Infirma  nostri  corporis 
Virtute  firmans  perpetim. 

Praesepe  iam  fulget  tuum,  25 

Lumenque  nox  spirat  novum, 
Quod  nulla  nox  interpolet, 
Fideque  iugi  luceat. 


Y.    HYMNCS    MATUTINUS. 

Fulgentis  auctor  aetheris, 
Qui  lunam  lumen  noctibus, 
Sol  em  die  rum  cursibus 
Certo  fundasti  tramite; 

N"ox  atra  iam  depellitur,  5 

Mundi  nitor  renaseitur, 
Xovusque  iam  mentis  vigor 
Dulces  in  actus  erigit; 

Laudes  sonare  iam  tuas 

Dies  relatus  admonet,  10 

Yultusque  coeli  blandior 

Nostra  serenat  pectora. 


i  4:  AMBROSIUS. 

Vitemus  omne  lubricnm, 
Declinet  prava  spiritus, 
15  Vitam  facta  11011  inquinent, 

Lingua  in  culpa  non  implicet. 

Sed  sol  diem  duin  coniicit 
Fides  profunda  ferveat, 
Spes  ad  promissa  provocet, 
20  Christo  coniun<rat  caritas. 


VI.    HYMN  US    IN    TOSTULATIONE    PLUVIAE. 

Squalent  arva  soli  pnlvere  multo, 
Pallet  siccus  ager,  terra  fatiseit, 
Nullus  rnris  honos,  nulla  venustas, 
Quando  nulla  viret  gratia  riorum. 
5  Tellus  dura  sitit,  nescia  roris, 

Fons  iam  nescit  aquas,  flumina  cursus, 
Ilerbam  nescit  humus,  nescit  aratrum, 
Magno  rupta  patet  turpis  hiatu. 
Fervens  sole  dies,  igneus  ardor 

10  Ipsas  urit  aves,  frondea  rami 

Fessis  tecta  negant,  pulvis  arenae 
Sicco  dispuitur  ore  viands. 
Ventis  ora  ferae,  bestia  ventis, 
Captantesqne  viri  flamina  ventis, 

15  Ventis  et  volucres  ora  recludunt, 

Ilac  m ulcere  sitim  fraude  volentes. 
Foetus  cerva  suos,  pignora  cerva, 
Foetus  cerva  siti  fossa  recusat, 
Foetus  cerva  pios  moesta  relinquit, 

20  Quaesitam  quoniam  non  veliit  lierbam. 


AMBROSIUS.  15 

Venerunt  iuvenes  pocula  noti    ' 

Quaerentes  putei,  lymphaque  fugit, 

Et  vasis  vacuis  tecta  revisunt, 

Fletus,  heu !  proprios  ore  bibentes. 

Bos  praesepe  suum  linquit  inane,  25 

Pratorumque  volens  carpere  gramen 

Nudam  versat  humum:  sic  pecus  omne 

Fraudatum  moriens  labitur  herbis. 

Radices  nemorum  rustica  plebes 

Explorat  misero  curva  labore,  30 

Solarique  famem  cortice  quaerit, 

Nee  succos  teneros  arida  praestat. 

Hanc  peccata  famem  nostra  merentur, 

Sed  merce  propria,  Christe,  faveto, 

Quo  culpa  gravior  gratia  maior  35 

Iusti  supplicii  vincla  resolvat. 

lam  coelos  reseres,  arvaque  laxes 

Fecundo  placidus  imbre  rogamus; 

Heliae  meritis  impia  saecla 

Donasti  pluvia  :  nos  quoque  dones !  40 

Aeterne  Genitor,  gloria  Christo 
Semper  cum  Genito  sit  tibi  Sancto 
Compar  Spiritui,  qui  Deus  unus 
Pollens  perpetuis  inclyte  saeclis ! 

VII.    HYMNUS    IN   POSTULATIONE    SEKENITATIS. 

Obduxere  polum  nubila  coeli 
Absconduntque  diem  sole  fugato, 
Noctes  continuas  sidere  nudas 
Et  lunae  viduas  carpimus  olim. 


16  AMBROSIUS. 

5         Aether  dira  micat  igne  corusco, 

Concnssoque  tremit  cardine  mundus, 
Coeli  porta  tonat,  ruptaque  credas 
Axis  aetherei  vincla  resolvi. 
Excrescnnt  pluviis  aeqaora  ponti 

10         Nee  lines  proprios  iam  fret  a  norunt, 
Terrarum  medio  fluetuat  unda, 
Errabunda  seeat  arva  carina. 
Port  us  nauta  suos,  littora  nauta, 
Secessusque  suos  nauta  requirit, 

15         Hospes  nauta  satis,  vitibus  hospes, 
Messes  nauta  super  navigat  hospes. 
Flentes  agrieolae  culta  relinquunt, 
Spectant  naufragium  triste  laboris, 
Messis  laeta  natat,  semina  census : 

20         Nati,  tecta,  pecus  arvaque  migrant. 
Cernas  alta  domus  culmina  ferri, 
Mutatisque  locis  culmina  poni, 
Moestas  inter  aves  ludere  pisces, 
Pisces  in  tremulis  ludere  tectis. 

25         Eversa  videas  arbore  nidos 

Pullis  cum  teneris  per  freta  duci, 
Nee  matrem  exilio  ponere  curas, 
Maioresque  metu  eogere  foetus. 
Spectat  turba  virum,  turba  fenestris, 

30  Spectat  feminei  turba  pudoris, 

Deploratque  famem  turba  precantum, 
Victum  riavigii  nauta  ministrat. 
Iesu,  parce  tua  morte  redemptis; 
Prior  diluvium  pertulit  aetas, 

35         Ut  mundaret  aqua  eriraina  terrae, 

Sed  mimdata  tuo  sanguine  terra  est. 


AMBKOSIUS.  17 

lam  nunc  missa  ferens  ore  columba 

Eaiiium  paciferae  mnnus  olivae 

Exutas  liquido  flumine  terras 

Laeto  signilicet  lapsa  volatu ! —  40 

Aeterne  Genitor,  gloria  Christo 

Semper  cum  Genito  sit  tibi  Sancto 

Compar  Spiritui,  qui  Dens  unus 

Pollens  perpetuis  inclyte  saeclis! 


Yin.    HYMNUS    TEMPORE   PASCIIALI. 

Hie  est  dies  verus  Dei, 
Sancto  serenus  lumine, 
Quo  diluit  sanguis  sacer 
Probrosa  mundi  crimina, 

Fidem  refundens  perditis,  5 

Caecosque  visu  illuminans: 
Quern  non  gravi  solvit  metu 
Latronis  absolutio? 

Qui  praemio  mutans  crucem 

Iesum  brevi  acquirit  fide,  10 

Iustusque  praevio  gradu 

Pervenit  in  regnum  Dei. 

Opus  stupent  et  angeli, 

Poenam  videntes  corporis, 

Christoque  adhaerentem  reum  15 

Vitam  beatam  carpere. 


IS  AMBROSIUS. 

Mysterium  mirabile, 
Ut  abluat  mundi  luem, 
Peccata  tollit  omnium, 
20  Carnis  vitia  mnndans  caro. 

Quid  hoc  potest  sublimius, 
Ut  culpa  quaerat  gratiam 
Metumque  solvat  caritas 
Reddatque  mors  vitain  novam? 

25  Hamuin  sibi  mors  devoret 

Suisque  se  nodis  liget: 
Moriatur  vita  omnium 
Resurgat  ut  vita  omnium. 

Cum  mors  per  omnes  transeat, 
30  Omnes  resurgant  mortui : 

Consumpta  mors  ictu  suo 
Perisse  se  solam  gemit. 


IX.    IN    THEOPIIANIA. 

Inluminans  altissimus 
Micantium  astrorum  globos, 
Pax,  vita,  lumen,  Veritas, 
Iesu,  fave  precantibus; 

Seu  mystico  baptismate 
Fluenta  Iordanis  retro 
Con  versa  quodam  tempore 
Praesente  sacraris  die; 


AMBROSIUS.  19 

Seu  stella  partum  virginis 

Coelo  micans  signaverit,  10 

Et  hac  adoratum  die 

Praesepe  magos  duxerit; 

Yel  hydriis  plenis  aqua 

Vini  saporem  fuderis, 

Hausit  minister  conscius,  15 

Quod  ipse  non  impleverat. 

Aquas  colorari  videns, 

Inebriare  flumina, 

Elementa  mutata  stupet 

Transire  in  usus  alteros.  20 

Sic  quinque  millibus  virum 
Dum  quinque  panes  dividis, 
Edentium  sub  dentibus 
In  ore  crescebat  cibus; 

Multiplicabatur  magis  25 

Dispendio  panis  suo, 

Quis  haec  videns  mirabitur 

luges  meatus  f  aucium  ? 

Inter  manus  frangentium 
Panis  rigatur  profluus,  30 

Intacta,  quae  non  fregerant, 
Fragmenta  subrepunt  viris. 


AMBROSIANI. 


I.    TE,   BEUMj   LAUDAMUS! 

Te  Deum  landamus,  te  Dominum  confitemur. 
Te  aeternura  Patrem  omnis  terra  veneratur. 
Tibi  omnes  augeli,  tibi  coeli  et  nniversae  potestates, 
Tibi  cherubim  et  seraphim  incessabili  voce  procla- 

mant : 
5  Sanctus,  sanctus,  sanctus  Dominus  Dens  Sabaoth ! 
Pleni  sunt  coeli  et  terra  maiestatis  gloriae  tuae. 
Te   gloriosus   apostolorum   chorus,  te   prophetarum 

laudabilis  numerns, 
Te  martyrum  candidatus  laudat  exercitns; 
Te  per  orbem  terrarum  sancta  confitetur  ecclesia? 
10  Patrem  immensae  maiestatis,  venerandum  tuum  ve- 

rum  et  unicuni  Filium, 
Sanctum  quoque  Paraclitum  Spiritnm. 
Tu  Rex  gloriae,  Christe, 
Tu  Patris  sempiternus  es  Filius. 
Tu  ad  liberandum  suscepturus  liominem 
15Koii  horruisti  virginis  uterum. 
Tu,  devicto  mortis  aculeo, 
Aperuisti  credentibus  regna  coelorum. 
Tu  ad  dexteram  Dei  sedes  in  gloria  Patris. 


AMBROSIANI.  21 

Iudex  crederis  esse  venturus! — 

Te  ergo  quaesumus,  tuis  famulis  subveni,  20 

Quos  pretioso  sanguine  redemisti. 

Aeterna  fac  cum  Sanctis  tuis  in  gloria  numerari. 

Salvum  fac  populum  tuum,  Domine,  et  benedic  here- 

ditati  tuae, 
Et  rege  eos,  et  extolle  illos  usque  in  aeternum. 
Per  singulos  dies  benedicimus  Te,  25 

Et  laudamus  nomen  tuum  in  saeculum  et  in  saeculum 

saeculi. 
Dignare,  Domine,  die  isto  sine  peccato  nos  custodire. 
Miserere  nostri,  Domine,  miserere  nostri ; 
Fiat  misericordia  tua,  Domine,  super  nos, 
Quemadmodum  speravimus  in  Te.  30 

In  Te,  Domine,  speravi :  non  confundar  in  aeternum. 


II.    DE    PASSIONE    DOMINI. 

Hymnum  dicamus  Domino, 
Laudes  Deo  cum  cantico, 
Qui  nos  crucis  patibulo 
Suo  redemit  sanguine. 

Die  decursa  ad  vesperum,  5 

Qua  Christus  morti  traditur, 
Ad  coenam  venit  impius 
Qui  erat  Christi  proditor. 

Iesus  futura  nuntiat 

Coenantibus  discipulis:  10 

"  Unus  ex  discumbentibus 

Ipse  me  traditurus  est.35 


22  AMBBOSIANI. 

Iudas  mercator  pessimus 
Osculo  petit  Dominum, 
15  Ille  ut  agnus  iimocens 

Kon  negat  Iudae  osculura. 

Denariorum  numero 
Christus  Iudaeis  traditur 
Iimocens  et  innoxius, 
20  Quern  Iudas  tradit  impius. 

Praeses  Pilatus  proclamat: 
"Nullarn  culpam  invenio;" 
Ablutis  aqua  manibus 
Christum  Iudaeis  tradidit. 

25  Fallaces  Iudaei  impii 

Latronem  petunt  vivere, 
Christum  accusant  graviter : 
"  Orucifigatur,  reus  est." 

Tunc  Barabbas  dimittitur 

30  Qui  reus  mortis  fuerat, 

Yita  mundi  suspenditur 
Per  quam  resurgunt  mortui. 


III.    DE    SANCTIS   MARTYRIBUS. 


Aeterna  Christ]   niunera 
Et  martyrum  victorias, 
Laudes  ferentes  debitas 
Lactis  canamue  mentibub. 


AMBROSIANI.  23 

Ecclesiarum  principes,  5 

Belli  triumphales  duces, 
Coelestis  aulae  inilites, 
Et  vera  mundi  lumina; 

Terrore  victo  saeculi, 

Spretisque  poenis  corporis,  10 

Mortis  sacrae  compendio 

Vitam  beatam  possident. 

Traduntur  igni  martyres 

Et  bestiarum  dentibus; 

Armata  saevit  ungulis  15 

Tortoris  insani  maims. 

Nudata  pendent  viscera, 

Sanguis  sacratus  funditur, 

Sed  permanent  immobiles 

Yitae  perennis  gratia.  20 

Devota  sanctorum  fides, 
Invicta  spes  credentium, 
Perfecta  Christi  caritas 
Mundi  triumphat  principem. 

In  his  Paterna  gloria,  25 

In  his  voluntas  Filii, 
Exultat  in  his  Spiritus ; 
Coelum  repletur  gaudiis. 

Te  nunc,  Eedemtor,  quaesumus, 

Ut  ipsorum  consortio  30 

Iungas  precantes  servulos 

In  sempiterna  saecula. 


21  AMBROSIANI. 


IV.    HYMNUS    DE   ASCENSIONE   DOMINI. 

Optatus  votis  omnium 
Sacratus  illuxit  dies 
Quo  Christns,  mundi  spes,  Deus, 
Conscendit  coelos  arduos. 

5  Ascendens  in  altum  Dominus 

Propriam  ad  sedem  remeat, 
Gavisa  sunt  coeli  regna 
Reditu  unigeniti. 

Magni  triumphum  proelii, 
10  Mundi  pererapto  principe, 

Patris  praesentat  vultibus 
Victricis  carnis  gloriam. 

Est  elevatns  nubibus 
Et  spem  fecit  eredentibus 
15  Aperiens  paradisum 

Quern  protoplastus  clauserat 

O  grande  cunctis  gaudium, 
Quod  partus  nostrae  virginis 
Post  sputa,  flagra,  post  crucem 
20  Paternae  sedi  iungitur. 

Agamns  ergo  gratias 
Nostrae  salutis  vindiei, 
Nostrum  quod  corpus  vexerit 
Sublimem  ad  coeli  regiam. 


AMBROSIANI.  25 

Sit  nobis  cum  coelestibus  25 

Commune  manens  gaudium, 
Illis,  quod  se  praesentavit, 
Nobis,  quod  se  non  abstulit. 

Nunc  provocates  actibus 

Christum  exspectare  nos  decet  30 

Vitaque  tali  vivere 

Quae  possit  coelos  scandere. 

Gloria  tibi,  Domine, 

Qui  scandis  super  sidera, 

Cum  Patre  et  Sancto  Spiritu  35 

In  sempiterna  saecula. 


V.    HYMN  US   DE   ASCENSIONE   DOMINI. 

Iesu,  nostra  redemptio, 
Amor  et  desiderium, 
Deus  creator  omnium, 
Homo  in  tine  temporum; 

Quae  te  vicit  dementia  5 

Ut  ferres  nostra  crimina, 
Crudelem  mortem  patiens 
Ut  nos  a  morte  tolleres, 

Inferni  claustra  penetrans, 
Tuos  captivos  redirnens,  10 

Victor  triumpho  nobili 
Ad  dextram  patris  residens? 
B 


20  AMBROSIAJNI. 

Ipsa  te  cogat  pietas, 
Ut  mala  nostra  Biiperes 
15  Parcendo,  et  voti  compotes 

Xos  tuo  vultu  saties. 

Tu  esto  nostrum  gandium, 
Qui  es  futurus  praemium, 
Sit  nostra  in  te  gloria 
20  Per  cuncta  semper  saeeula. 


VI.   HYMNUS   AD   BEXTAM. 

lam  sexta  sensim  solvitur 
Ter  binis  liora  cursibus, 
Diesque  pnncto  aeqnabili 
Utramque  noctem  respieit. 

5  Venite,  servi  supplices, 

Mente  et  ore  extollite 
Dignis  beatura  laudibus 
Nomen  Dei  cum  cantico. 

Hoc  namque  tempus  illud  est, 
10  Quod  saeculorum  iudicem 

Iniustae  morti  tradidit 
Mortalium  sententia. 

Cum  sol  repente  territus 
Horrore  tanti  eriminis 
15  Mortem  minatiir  sacculo, 

I  )icm  refugit  impium. 


AMBROSIANI.  27 

Hoc  et  beatus  tempore 

Abrahamus  fideliter 

Peritus  in  mysterio 

Tres  vidit,  unnm  credidit.  20 

Hanc  ad  preeandum  cougrnam 
Salvator  lioram  tradi'dit, 
Cum  diceret  fidelibus 
Patrem  ro^andis  servulis. 

Xec  noil  et  ille  pert  in  ax  25 

Hostis  fidei  gratiam, 
Qnam  praedicavit  gentibus 
Hoc  est  adeptus  tempore. 

At  nos  amore  debito, 

Timore  iusto,  subditi  30 

Adversus  omnes  impetus 

Quos  saevus  hostis  incutit. 

Unum  rogemus  et  Patrem 

Deum  regemque  Filium 

Simulque  Sanctum  Spiritum  35 

In  Trinitate  Dominum, 

Ut  quos  redemit  passio 

Isto  peracta  tempore, 

Posset  sub  ipso  tempore 

Servare  deprecatio.  40 


%Jb'  AMBROSIANI. 


VII.    IIYMXUS    VESrERTINUS0 

O  lux  beata,  Trinitas 
Et  principalis  Unitas, 
lam  sol  recedit  iimeus : 
Infunde  lumen  cordibus. 

5  Tc  mane  laudiim  carmine, 

Te  deprecemur  vesperi, 
Te  nostra  supplex  gloria 
Per  cuncta  laudet  saecula. 

Deo  patri  sit  gloria 
10  Eiusque  soli  Filio 

Cam  Spiritu  paraclito 
Et  nunc  et  in  perpetuum. 

VIII.    HYMNUS    AD    COMFLETORIUM. 

Christe,  qui  lux  es  et  dies, 
Noctis  tenebras  detegis, 
Lucisque  lumen  crederis 
Lumen  beatum  praedicans: 

5  Precamur,  sancte  Doraine, 

Defende  nos  in  hac  nocte; 

Sit  nobis  in  te  requies, 
Quietam  noctam  tribue, 

Ne  gravis  somnus  irruat, 
10  Nee  liostis  nos  surripiat, 

Nee  caro  illi  consentiens 
N os  libi  reos  statuat. 


AMBROSIANI.  29 

Oculi  somnum  capiant, 

Cor  ad  te  semper  vigilet, 

Dextera  tua  protegat  15 

Faranlos  qui  te  diligimt. 

Defensor  noster,  adspiee, 

Insidi  antes  reprime, 

Guberna  tuos  famulos 

Quos  sanguine  mercatus  es,  20 

Memento  nostri,  Domine, 
In  gravi  isto  corpore : 
Qui  es  defensor  animae 
Adesro  nobis,  Domine. 


IX.    IIYMNUS    AD    NOCTUENTTM. 

Mediae  noctis  tempus  est, 
Prophetica  vox  admonet: 
Dicamus  laudes  Domino 
Patri  semper  ac  Filio, 

Sancto  quoque  Spiritui :  5 

Perfecta  enim  Trinitas 
Uniusqne  substantiae 
Landanda  nobis  semper  est. 

Terrorem  tempus  hoc  habet, 

Quod,  cum  vastator  angelus  10 

Aegypto  mortes  intulit, 

Delevit  primogenita. 


30  AMBROSIANI. 

Ilaec  hora  iustis  sal  us  est, 
Quod  ibidem  tune  angelus 
15  Ausus  punire  noil  erat 

Signum  formidans  sanguinis, 

Aegyptus  flebat  fortiter 
Natorum  dira  funera, 
Solus  gaudebat  Israel 
20  Agni  protectns  sanguine. 

Nos  verus  Israel  sumus, 
Laetemur  in  te,  Doraine, 

Ilostem  spernentes  et  malum, 
Christ i  redempti  sanguine. 

25  Ipsum  profeeto  tempns  est 

Quo  voee  evangeliea 
Venturas  sponsus  creditur, 
Eegni  eoelestis  conditor. 

Occurrunt  sanetae  virgines 
30  Obviam  tunc  adventui, 

Gestantes  claras  lampadas, 
Magno  laetantes  gaudio. 

[Et]  stultae  vero  remanent 
Quae  exstinetas  habent  lampadas, 
35  Frustra  pnlsantes  ianuam, 

Clausa  iam  regni  regia. 

Pervigilemns  sobrie, 
Gestantes  mentes  splendidas3 
Adveniente  ut  Eesu 
40  Digni  occurramus  obviam. 


AMBROSIANL  31 

Mediae  noctis  tempore 
Paulus  quoque  et  Sileas 
Christum  vincti  in  carcere 
Collaudantes  soluti  sunt 

Nobis  hie  mundiis  career  est?  45 

Te  laudamus,  Christe  Deus, 

Solve  vincla  peecatorum 
In  te,  Christe,  credentium. 

Dignos  nos  fac,  rex  hagie, 

Venturi  regni  gloria,  50 

Aeternis  ut  mereamur 

Te  laudibus  concinere. 


X.    DE   DEDICATIONS    ECCLESIAE. 

Christe,  cunctorum  dominator  alme, 
Patris  aeterni  genitus  ab  ore, 
Supplicum  vota  pariter  ac  hymnum 
Cerne  benignus. 

Cerne  quod  puro,  Deus,  in  honore  5 

Plebs  tua  supplex  resonat  in  aula, 
Annua  cuius  revehunt  colendura 

Tempora  festum. 

Haec  domus  rite  tibi  dedieata 

Noscitur,  in  qua  populus  sacratum  10 

Corpus  assumit,  bibit  et  beati 

Sanguinis  haustum. 


32  AMBROSIANI. 

Hie  sacrosancti  latices  veternas 
Diluunt  culpas,  perimmitque  noxas 
15  Chrisinate  vero,  genus  et  creatur 

Christ  icolarum. 

Hie  salus  aegris,  medieina  fessis, 
Lumen  orbatis,  veniaque  nostris 
Fertur  offensis,  tinior  atque  moeror 
20  Pellitur  omnis. 

Daemonis  saeva  perit  hie  rapina, 
Pervicax  monstrum  pa  vet,  et  retenta 
Corpora  linquens  fugit  in  remotas 
Ocyus  umbras. 

25  Hie  locus  nempe  vocitatur  aula 

Regis  aeterni  niveaque  coeli 
Porta  quae  sanctos  patriam  petentes 
Aecipit  omnes. 

Turbo  quam  null  us  quatit,  ant  vagantes 
3®  Diruunt  venti  penetrantque  nimbi. 

Xon  tetris  laedit  piceus  tenebris 

Tartarus  horrens. 

Quaesumus  ergo,  Deus,  ut  sereno 
Annuas  vultu,  famulos  gubernans 
35  Qui  tuo  summo  celebrant  amore 

Gaudia  templi. 

Nulla  nos  vitae  crucient  molesta, 
Sint  dies  laeti  placidaeque  noctes, 
Nullus  ex  nobis  pereunte  mundo 
40  Sentiat  isrnes. 


AMBROSIANI.  33 

Haec  dies  in  qua  tlbi  consecratam 
Conspicis  aram,  tribuat  perenne 
Gaudium  nobis  vigeatque  longo 
Temporis  usu. 

Gloria  snmmum  resonet  Parenteral,  45 

Gloria  Natural,  pariterque  Sanctum 
Spiritum  dulci  modulemur  hjmno 
Onme  per  aevum. 


XL    HYMNUS   PASCIIALIS. 

Ad  regias  Agni  dapes 
Stolis  amicti  candidis 
Post  transitum  maris  Rubri 
Christo  canamus  principi; 

Divina  cuius  caritas  5 

Sacrum  propinat  sanguinem, 
Almique  membra  corporis 
Amor  sacerdos  immolat. 

Sparsum  cruorern  postibus 

Vastator  horret  an^elus,  10 

Fugitque  divisum  mare, 

Merguntur  liostes  fluctibus. 


lam  Pascha  nostrum  Cliristus  est, 
Pasclialis  idem  victima, 
Et  pura  puris  mentibus  15 

Sinceritatis  azyma. 
B2 


34  AMBROSIANL 

O  vera  coeli  victima, 
Subiecta  cui  sunt  Tartara, 
Soluta  mortis  vincula, 
20  Recepta  vitae  praeraia. 

Victor  subactis  inferis 
Tropaea  Christus  explicat, 

Coeloqne  aperto  subditura 
Regem  tenebrarum  traliit 

25  Ut  sis  pereime  mentibus 

Paschale,  Iesn,  gaudium, 
A  morte  dira  criminum 
Vitae  renatos  libera. 

Deo  patri  sit  gloria, 
30  Et  Filio  qui  a  mortuis 

Surrexit,  et  Paraclito 
In  sempiterna  saecula. 


XII.    HYMNDS    PASCIIALIS- 

Aurora  lucis  rutilat, 
Coeluni  laudibus  intonat, 
Muudus  exultans  iubilat, 
Gemeiis  infermis  ululat. 

Cum   rex   ille  fortissimus, 
Mortis  confractis  viribns, 
Pede  concnlcans  Tartara 

Solvit  a  poena  miseros ! 


AMBROSIANI.  35 

Hie,  qui  clausus  lapicle 
Custoditur  sub  milite,  10 

Triumplians  pompa  nobili 

Victor  surgit  de  funere. 

Solutis  iam  gemitibus 
Et  inferni  doloribus, 
"Quia  surrexit  Dominns!"  15 

Kesplendens  clamat  angel  us. 

Tristes  erant  apostoli 
De  nece  sui  Domini, 
Quein  poena  mortis  crudeli 
Servi  damnarant  impii.  20 

Sermone  blando  angel  us 
Praedixit  mulieribus; 
"In  Galilaea  Dominns 
Videndus  est  qnantocius  !" 

Illae  dum  pergunt  concite  25 

Apostolis  hoc  dicere, 
Videntes  eniri  vivere 
Osculantur  pedes  Domini. 

Quo  agnito  discipuli 
In  Galilaeam  propere  30 

Perffunt  videre  faciem 
Desideratam  Domini. 

Claro  paschali  gaudio 
Sol  nnindo  nitet  radio, 
Cum  Christum  iam  apostoli  35 

Visu  cernunt  eorporeo. 


30  AMBROSIANI. 

Ostensa  sibi  vulnera 
In  Christi  came  fulgida 
Besurrexisse  Dominum 
Voce  fatentur  publica. 

40  Rex  Christe  clementissime, 

Tu  corda  nostra  preside, 
Ut  tibi  laudes  debitas 
Reddamus  omni  tempore ! 


DE  DIERUM  CREATIONE  HYMNI  VL 

XIII.    DE    OPERE    DIEI    PEIMAE. 

Lucis  creator  optime, 
Lucem  dierum  proferens, 
Primordiis  lucis  novae 
Mundi  parans  originem, 

5  Qui  mane  iunctum  vesperi 

Diem  vocari  praecipis, 

Tetrum  chaos  illabitur: 
Audi  preces  cum  fletibus  ! 

Ke  mens  gravata  crimine 
10  Vitae  sit  exsul  munerc, 

Duni  nil  perenne  cogitat, 
Seseque  culpis  illigat. 

Coeleste  pulset  ostium, 
Vitale  tollat  praemium, 
15  Yitemus  onine  noxium, 

Purgemus  omne  pessimum. 


AMBROSIANI.  37 


XIV.   DE    OPERE    DIEI    SECUNDAE. 

Immense  coeli  conditor, 
Qui,  mixta  ne  confunderent, 
Aquae  fluenta  dividens 
Coelum  dedisti  limitem. 

Firmans  locum  coelestibus,  5 

Simulque  terrae  rivulis, 
Ut  unda  flammas  temperet, 
Terrae  solum  ne  dissipent. 

Infunde  nunc,  piissime, 

Donum  perennis  gratiae,  10 

Fraudis  novae  ne  casibus 

Nos  error  atterat  vetus. 

Lucem  fides  adaugeat, 

Sic  luminis  iubar  ferat, 

Haec  vana  cnncta  proterat,  15 

Hanc  falsa  nulla  comprimant. 

XV.    DE    OPERE    DIEI    TERTIAE. 

Telluris  ingens  conditor, 
Mundi  solum  qui  separans 
Pulsis  aquae  molestiis 
Terrain  dedisti  immobilem, 

Ut  germen  aptum  proferens,  5 

Fulvis  decora  floribus, 
Fecunda  fructu  sisteret, 
Pastumque  gratum  redderet. 


38  AMBROSIAXI. 

Mentis  perustae  vnlncra 
10  JMunda  virore  gratiae, 

Ut  facta  lletti  diluat, 
Motusque  pravos  atterat. 

Iussis  tuis  obtemperet : 
Null  is  malis  approximet : 
15  Bonis  repleri  gaudeat, 

Et  mortis  ictuin  nesciat. 


XVI.  DE    OPERE    DIEI    QUARTAE, 

Coeli  Dens  sauctissime, 
Qui  lucidas  poli  plagas 
Candore  piugis  igneo, 
Augens  decoro  lumine, 

5  Quarto  die  qui  flammeam 

Duni  solis  accendis  rotam, 
Lunae  mimstras  ordinem, 
Vagosque  cursus  siderum; 

Ut  noctibus  vel  lumini 
10  Diremptionis  terminura, 

Primordiis  et  mensium 
Signum  dares  notissimum. 

Expelle  noctem  cordium, 
Absterge  sordes  mentiura, 
15  Resolve  cnlpae  vinculum, 

Everte  moles  criminum. 


AMBROSIANI.  39 


XVII.    DE    OPERE    DIEI    QUINT  AE. 

Magnae  Deus  potentiae, 
Qui  fertili  natos  aqua 
Partim  reliuquis  gurgiti, 
Partim  levas  in  aera, 

Demersa  lympliis  imprimens.,  5 

Subvecta  coelis  erigens, 
Ut  stirpe  ab  una  prodita 
Diversa  repleant  loca; 

Largire  cunctis  servulis, 

Quos  mundat  unda  sanguinis,  10 

Nescire  lapsus  criminum 

Nee  ferre  mortis  taedium, 

TJt  culpa  nullum  deprimat, 

Nullum  efferat  iactantia, 

Elisa  mens  ne  eoncidat,  15 

Elata  mens  ne  corruat. 


XVIII.    DE    OPERE    DIEI    SEXTAE. 

Hominis  superne  conditor, 
Qui  eiineta  solus  ordinans 
Humum  iubes  producere 
Reptantis  et  ferae  genus, 

Et  magna  rerum  corpora, 
Dieto  iubentis  vivida, 
Per  temporum  certas  vices 
Obtemperare  servulis; 


40  AMBBOSIANI. 

Eepelle  quod  cupidinis 

10  Ciente  vi  nos  impetit, 

Aut  moribus  se  sugfferit, 
Aut  actibus  se  iuterserit. 

Da  gaudiorum  praemia, 
Da  gratiarum  munera, 

15  Dissolve  litis  vincula, 

Adstringe  paeis  foedera ! 


XIX.    HYMNUS    PASCIIALIS    AD    NOCTUKNUM. 

O  Rex  aeterne,  Donrine, 
Rerum  creator  omnium, 
Qui  eras  ante  saeeula 
Semper  cum  Patre  Films, 

5  Qui  mnndi  in  primordio 

Adam  plasmasti  hominem, 
Cui  tuae  imagini 
Vultum  dedisti  similem, 

Quern  diabolus  deceperat 
10  Hostis  humani  generis, 

Cuius  tu  formam  corporis 
Assumere  dignatus  es, 

Ut  liominem  redimeres 
Quern  ante  iam  plasmaveras, 
15  Et  nos  Deo  coniungeres 

Per  carnis  contubernium, 


AMBROSIANI.  41 

Quem  editum  ex  virgine 

Pavescit  oranis  anima, 

Per  quem  et  nos  resurgere 

Devota  mente  credimus,  -20 

Qui  nobis  per  baptismata 
Donasti  indulgentiam, 
Qui  tenebamur  vinculis 
Ligati  conscientiae, 

Qui  crucem  propter  hominem  25 

Suscipere  dignatns  es, 
Dedisti  tiiura  sanguinem 
Xostrae  salutis  pretiuin: 

Xam  velum  templi  scissum  est 
Et  omnis  terra  tremuit,  30 

Time  multos  dormientium 
Resuscitasti,  Domine : 

Tu  liostis  antiqui  vires 

Per  crucem  mortis  conteris? 

Qua  nos  signati  frontibus  35 

Vexillum  iidei  ferimus; 

Tu  ilium  a  nobis  semper 

Repellere  dignaveris, 

Ne  unquam  possit  laedere 

.Redemptos  tuo  sanguine,  40 

Qui  propter  nos  ad  inferos 
Descendere  dignatus  es, 
Ut  mortis  debitoribus 
Vitae  donares  munera : 


4:2  AMBROSIANI. 

45  Tibi  nocturao  tempore 

llvnimun  deflentes  cauiraus, 

%j  j 

Ignosce  nobis,  Domine, 
Ignosce  confitentibus, 

Quia  tu  ipse  testis  et  index, 
50  Quern  nemo  potest  fallere, 

Secreta  conscientiae 
Kostrae  videns  vestigia. 

Tu  nostrorum  pectorum 
Solus  investigator  es, 
55  Tu  vulnerum  latentium 

Bonus  assistens  medicus. 

Tu  es  qui  certo  tempore 
Daturus  finem  saeeuli, 
Tu  eunctorum  meritis 
60  Iustus  remunerator  es. 

Te  ergo,  Sancte,  quaesumus 
Ut  nostra  cures  vulnera, 
Qui  es  cum  Patre  Filins 
Semper  cum  Sancto  Spiritu. 


XX.    IIYMNUS    DE    NATIVITATE    DOMINI. 

A  solis  ortus  cardine 
Et  usque  terrae  limitem 
Christum  canainus  principem, 
Natura   Alariac  Virginia. 


AMBROSIANI.  43 

Gaudete,  quicquid  gentium,  5 

Iudaea,  Roma  et  Graecia, 
Aegypte,  Thrax,  Persa,  Scytha, 
Rex  unus  omnes  possidet. 

Laudate  vestrum  principem, 

Omnes  beati  ac  perditi,  10 

Vivi,  imbecilli  ac  mortui, 

lam  nemo  post  liaec  mortuus. 

Fit  porta  Christi  pervia 

Referta  plena  gratia, 

Transitque  rex,  et  permanet  15 

Clausa  nt  fuit  per  saecula. 

Genus  superni  numinis 

Processit  aula  virginis, 

Sponsus,  redemptor,  conditor, 

Suae  o-Jcras  ecclesiae.  20 

Honor  matris  et  gaudium, 
Immensa  spes  credentium, 
Per  atra  mortis  pocula 
Resolvit  nostra  crimina. 

Lapis  de  monte  veniens  25 

Mundumque  replens  gratia, 
Quern  noil  praecisum  manibus 
Vates  vetusti  nuntiant. 

Qui  verbum  caro  factus  est 

Praeconio  angelico,  30 

De  claustris  virginalibus 

Virginis  virgo  natus  est. 


44  AMBROSIANI. 

Rorem  dederunt  aethera 
Nubesque  instum  fuderunt, 
35  Patens  excepit  donrinum 

Terra  salutem  generans. 

Mirabilis  conceptio : 
Christum  protnlit  sobolem 
Ut  virgo  partum  funderet, 
40  Post  partum  virgo  sisteret. 

Exultet  omnis  anima, 
Nunc  rederaptorem  gentium 
Mundi  venisse  dominuin 
Redimere  quos  condidit. 

45  Creator  cuncti  generis, 

Orbis  quern  totus  non  capifc, 
In  tua,  sancta  genitrix, 
Sese  reclusit  viscera. 

Quern  pater  ante  tempora 
50  Dens  Deumque  genuit, 

Matris  almae  virginitas 
Cum  tempore  partum  edidii; 

Tollens  cuneta  facinora 
Et  donans  sancta  munera, 
55  Augmentum  lucis  afferens, 

Tenebris  damnum  inferens. 


IV. 
AUGUSTINIANL 


I.   DE    GAUDIIS    PARADISI. 

Ad  perennis  vitae  fontem  mens  sitivit  arida; 
Claustra  carnis  praesto  frangi  clausa  quaerit  anima: 
Gliscit,  ambit,  eluctatur  exul  frui  patria. 

Dam  pressaris  ac  aerumnis  se  gemit  obnoxiam, 
Qaam  amisit,  dam  deliquit,  contemplatnr  gloriam,       5 
Praesens  malam  auget  boni  perditi  menioriam. 

Nam  quis  promat  suramae  pads  quanta  sitlaetitia, 
Ubi  vivis  margaritis  surgunt  aedificia, 
Auro  celsa  micant  tecta,  radiant  triclinia  ? 

Solis  gemmis  pretiosis  liaec  strnetura  nectitur;        10 
Anro  mundo,  tanquam  vitro,  urbis  via  sternitnr; 

Abest  limns,  deest  flmus,  lues  nulla  cernitur. 

Hiems  horrens,  aestas  torrens  illic  nunquam  saevi- 
unt ; 
Flos  perpetuus  rosarum  ver  agit  perpetnum; 
Candent  lilia,  rubescit  crocus,  sudat  balsamum.  15 


4G  AUGUSTINIANI. 

Virent  prata,  vernant  sata,  rivi  mollis  influunt; 
Pigmentoram  spirat  odor,  liquor  et  aromatum ; 
Pendent  poma  floridorura  non  lapsura  nemorum. 

Non  alternat  lima  vices,  sol,  velcursus  siderum; 
20  Agnus  est  felicis  urbis  lumen  inocciduum; 

Nox  et  tempus  desimt  ei,  diem  fert  continuum. 

Nam  et  sancti  quique  velut  sol  praeclarus  rutilant ; 
Post  triumphum  coronati  mutuo  coniubilant, 
Et  prostrati  pugnas  liostis  iam  securi  numerant. 

25  Omni  labe  defaecati  carnis  bella  neseiunt, 
Caro  facta  spiritalis  et  mens  unura  sentiunt; 
Pace  multa  perfruentes  scandalum  non  perferunt. 

Mu tab ili bus  exuti  repetunt  originem, 
Et  praesentem  veritatis  contemplaiftur  speeiem, 
SOIIinc  vitalem  vivi  fontis  hauriunt  dulcedinem. 

Inde  statu  m  semper  idem  existendi  capiunt; 
Clan,  vividi,  iucundi  nullis  patent  casibus: 
Absunt  morbi  semper  sanis,  senectus  iuvenibus. 

Ilinc  perenne  tenent  esse,  nam  transire  transiit; 
35  Inde  virent,  vigent,  florent :  corruptela  corruit, 
Immortalitatis  vigor  mortis  ins  absorbuit. 

C^ ni  Scientem  cuncta  sciunt,  quid  nescire  neque- 
unt? 

Nam  et  pectoris  arcana  penetrant  alterutrum ; 
(Hum  volunt,  unum  nolunt,  unitas  est  mentium. 

40      Licet  cuiquam  sit  diversum  pro  labore  meritum, 
Caritas  lioc  facit  suum,  quod,  dum  amat  alteram, 

Proprium  ^ic  singuloruin  tit  commune  omnium. 


AUGUSTINIANI.  47 

Ubi  corpus  illic  jure  congregantur  aquilae ; 
Quo  cum  angelis  et  sanctae  recreantur  animae, 
Uno  pane  vivunt  cives  utriusque  patriae.  45 

Avidi  et  semper  pleni  quod  habent  desiderant ; 
Is  on  satietas  fastidit,  neque  fames  cruciat : 
Inhiantes  semper  edunt,  et  edentes  inliiant. 

Novas  semper  melodias  vox  meloda  concrepat, 
Et  in  jubilum  prolata  mulcent  aures  organ  a,  50 

Digna  per  quern  sunt  victores  regi  dant  praeconia. 

Felix  coeli  quae  praesentem  regem  cernit  anima, 
Et  sub  sede  spectat  alta  orbis  volvi  machinam  : 
Solera,  lunam  et  globosa  cum  planetis  sidera  ! 

Christe,  palm  a  bellatorum,  hoc  in  municipiura         55 
Introduc  rae  post  solutum  militare  cingulum ; 
Fac  consortem  donativi  beatorum  civium ! 

Probes  vires  inexhausto  laboranti  proelio, 
Nee  quietem  post  procinctum  deneges  emerito, 
Teque  merear  potiri  sine  fine  praemio  !  60 

II.    DE    GAUDIIS    PARADISI. 

O  gens  beata  coelitum, 
Sanctorum  phalanx  principum, 
O  quanta  Dei  gratia 
Inundat  vos  per  omnia! 
Supremus  vobis  Dominus  5 

Summura  dat  bonura  cominus 
Quo  frui  licet  omnibus. 


48  A.UGUSTINIANI. 

O  quanta  super  sidera 
Vibratis  omnes  lumina! 
10  Splendore  solem  vincitis 

Et  quidquid  micat  sideris; 
Et  si  qua  stella  clarius 
Fulgeret,  quam  sol  aureus ; 
Lux  vestra  major  omnibus, 

15  Corpus  crystallo  purius; 

Ut  sol  refulget  animus; 

Venae  corallo  similes, 

Xec  auri  filo  dispares; 

In  venis  sanguis  gratius 
20  Flagrabit,  rosis  suavius 

Et  balsame  jucundius. 

In  paradiso  vivitis, 
Florum  corollas  fleetitis9 
Rosas  miscetis  liliis, 
25  Ligastra  cum  narcissulis. 

Flos  imus,  hie  cultissimus, 
Plus  mille  voluptatibus 
Puris  redundat  mentibus. 


Tlic  mensa  semper  epulis 
30  Instructa  manet  coelicis; 

Cum  Deo  vos  aceumbitis, 
Ejus  fruentes  ferculis. 
Hie  nulla  desunt  duleia, 
Hand  nectar,  baud  ambrosia: 
85  Illis  abundant  omnia. 


AUGUSTINIANI.  4:9 

O  quanta  hie  sunt  gaudia, 
Quam  dulcis  sonat  musica, 
Quae  vocum  hie  concord ia, 
Quae  fid  urn  est  harmonia. 
O  quam  miscentur  dulciter,  40 

Quam  tinniunt  suaviter: 
Nil  est  auditum  taliter! 

Deum  videtis  principem 
De  facie  ad  faciem, 

Ex  quo  vobis  coelestia  45 

Naseuntur  tanta  gaudia, 
Quanta  nee  videt  oculus, 
Nee  ullus  cepit  auribus — 
Hie  nmndus  sordet  omnibus, 


III.  ANTIDOTUM    CONTRA    TYRANNIDEM   PECCATI. 

Quid,  tyranne  !  quid  minaris  ? 
Quid  usquam  poenarum  est, 
Quidquid  tandem  maehinaris: 
Hoc  amanti  parum  est. 

Dulce  mihi  erueiari,  5 

Parva  vis  doloris  est: 

"Malo  mori  quam  foedari!" 

Major  vis  amoris  est. 

Para  rogos,  quamvis  truces, 

Et  quiquid  flagrorum  est;  10 

Adde  ferrum,  adde  cruces : 

Nil  adhnc  amanti  est. 

C 


50  AUGUSTINIANI. 

Dulce  mihi  cruciari, 
Parva  vis  doloris  est : 

15  "Malo  inori  quain  foedari!" 

Major  vis  anions  est. 

Nimis  blandus  dolor  ille ! 

Una  mors,  quam  brevis  est ! 

Cruciatus  amo  mille, 
20  Omnis  poena  levis  est. 

Dulce  mihi  sauciari, 
Parva  vis  doloris  est: 
"Malo  mori  quam  foedari!" 
Major  vis  amoris  est 


V. 
PRUDENTIUS 


I.  DE    NATIVITATE   DOMINI. 

Da,  puer,  plectrum,  choreis 
Ut  canam  fidelibus 
Dulce  carmen  et  melodum, 
Gesta  Christi  insignia. 
Hunc  camena  nostra  solum  5 

Pangat,  hunc  laudet  lyra. 

Corde  natus  ex  parentis 
Ante  mundi  exordium, 
A  et  Q  cognominatus, 
Ipse  fons  et  clausula  10 

Omnium,  quae  sunt,  fuerunt, 
Quaeque  post  futura  sunt, 

Corporis  formam  caduci, 
Membra  morti  obnoxia 
Induit,  ne  gens  periret  15 

Protoplasti  ex  genuine, 
Merserat  quern  lex  profundo 
Noxialis  Tartaro. 


52  PRUDENHUS. 

O  beatus  ortus  ille, 
20  Virgo  cum  puerpera 

Edidit  nostram  salutem 
Foeta  Sancto  Spiritu, 
Et  puer,  redemptor  orbis, 
Os  sacratum  protulit. 

25  Psallat  altitudo  coeli ; 

Psallat  oranis  angelus; 
Quidquid  est  virtutis  usquam 
Psallat  in  laudem  Dei: 
Nulla  linguarnm  silescat, 

30  Vox  et  omnis  consonet. 

Ecee!  quern  vates  vetnstis 
Concinebant  seculis ; 
Quern  proplietarum  fideles 
Paginae  spoponderant, 
35  Emicat  promissus  olim: 

Cuncta  collaudent  eum  ! 

Te  senes  et  te  inventus, 
Parvulorum  te  chorus, 
Tnrba  matrum  virginumque, 
4-0  Simplices  puellulae 

Voce  Concordes  pudicis 
Perstrepant  concentibus. 

Flumiuum  lapsus  et  undae, 
Littorum  crepidines, 
45  Imber,  aestus,  nix,  pruina, 

Aura,  silva,  nox,  dies 
Omnibus  te  concelebrent 
Saeculorum  saeculis ! 


PRUDENTIUS.  53 


II.  IN    EXSEQUIIS. 

lam  maesta  quiesce  querela, 
Lacrimas  suspendite,  matres ! 
Nullus  sua  pignora  plangat: 
Mors  haec  reparatio  vitae  est. 

Quidnam  sibi  saxa  cavata,  5 

Quid  pulclira  volunt  m  on  amenta? 
Res  quod  nisi  creditur  illis 
Non  mortua,  sed  data  somno. 

Nam  quod  requiescere  corpus 
Vacuum  sine  mente  videmus,  10 

Spatium  breve  restat,  ut  alti 
Repetat  collegia  se^us. 

Venient  cito  saecula,  quum  iam 
Socius  calor  ossa  revisat, 
Animataque  sanguine  vivo  15 

Habitacula  pristina  gestet, 

Quae  pigra  cadavera  pridem 
Tumulis  putrefaeta  iacebant, 
Volucres  rapientur  in  auras, 
Animas  comitata  priores.  20 

Sic  semina  sicca  virescunt 
Iam  mortua  iamque  sepulta, 
Quae  reddita  caespite  ab  imo 
Veteres  meditantur  aristas. 


54  PRUDENTIUS. 

25  Nunc  suscipe,  terra,  foveiidum, 

Gremioque  hunc  concipe  molli! 

Ilominis  tibi  membra  sequestro, 
Generosa  et  fragmina  credo. 

Animae  fuit  haec  domiis  olim 
30  Factoris  ab  ore  creatae; 

Fervens  liabitavit  in  istis 
Sapientia  principe  Cbristo. 

Ta  depositum  tege  corpus! 
Non  immemor  ille  requiret 
35  Sua  munera  fictor  et  auctor 

Propriique  aenigmata  vultus. 

Veniant  modo  tempora  iusta, 
Quum  spem  Deus  impleat  omnem 
Keddas  patefacta  necesse  est 
40  Qualem  tibi  trado  figurain. 


Non,  si  cariosa  vetustas 
Dissolvent  ossa  favillis, 
Fueritque  cinisculus  arens 
Minimi  mensura  pugilli; 

45  Xec,  si  vaga  flamina  et  aurae 

Vacuum  per  inane  volantes 
Tulerint  cum  pulvere  nervos, 
Ilominem  periisse  licebit. 

Sed  dum  resolubile  corpus 
50  Kevocas,  Deus,  atque  reformas, 

Quanam  regione  jubebis 
Animam  requiescere  puram? 


PRUDENTIUS.  55 

Gremio  senis  addita  sancti 
Reeubabit,  ut  est  Eleazar, 
Quern  floribus  undique  septum  55 

Dives  procul  aspicit  ardens. 

Sequimur  tua  dicta,  Eedemptor, 
Quibus  atra  morte  triuraphans, 

Tua  per  vestigia  mandas 

Socium  crueis  ire  latronem.  60 

Patet  ecce  fidelibus  ampli 
Yia  lucida  iam  Paradisi, 
Licet  et  neraus  illud  adire, 
Homini  quod  ademerat  anguis. 

Nos  tecta  fovebimus  ossa  65 

Yiolis  et  fronde  frequenti, 
Titulamque  et  frigida  saxa 
Liquido  spargemus  odore. 


in.   AD    GALLI   CANTUM. 

Ales,  diei  uuntius, 
Lucem  propinquam  praecinit; 
Nos  excitator  mentium 
Iam  Christus  ad  vitam  vocat. 

"  Auferte,'5  clamat,  "  lectulos, 
Aegros,  soporos,  desides, 
Castique  recti  ac  sobrii 
Vigilate :  iam  sum  proximus !" 


56  PKUDENTTUS. 

Iesum  ciamus  vocibus, 
10  Flentes,  precantes,  sobrii : 

Intenta  supplieatio 
Dorrnire  cor  mundum  vetat. 

Tu,  Christe,  somnurn  disiice 
Tu  rurape  noctis  vincula; 
15  Tu  solve  peccatum  vetus, 

Novumque  lumen  ingere ! 


IV.  DE    SANCTIS    INNOCENTIBUS. 

Salvete,  flores  martyrum ! 
Quos  lucis  ipso  in  limine 
Cliristi  insecutor  sustulit, 
Ceu  turbo  nascentes  rosas. 

5  Vos,  prima  Christi  vietima, 

Grex  immolatorum  tener, 
Aram  sub  ipsam  simplices 
Palma  et  coronis  luditis. 

Quid  proficit  tantum  nefas; 
10  Quid  crimen  Ilerodem  juvat  ? 

Unus  tot  inter  funera 
Impune  Cliristus  tollitur. 

Cunac  redundant  sanguine; 
Sed  in  Deum  frustra  furit: 
15  Tnimi  petit  tot  mortibus, 

Mortes  tot  unus  effugit. 


PRUDENTIUS.  57 

Inter  coaevi  sanguinis 
Fluenta  solus  integer, 
Ferrum,  quod  orbabat  nurus, 
Partus  fefellit  Yirginis.  20 

Sic  stulta  Pharaonis  mali 
Edicta  quondam  fugerat, 
Christi  figuram  praeferens, 
Moses,  receptor  civiura. 

Matres,  quaerelis  parcite!  25 

Quid  rapta  fletis  pignora? 
Agnum,  salutis  obsidem, 
Denso  sequuntur  agmine. 


V.   HYMNUS   MATUTINUS. 

Lux  ecce  surgit  aurea, 
Pallens  facessat  caecitas, 
Quae  nosmet  in  praeceps  din 
Errore  traxit  devio. 

Haec  lux  serenum  conferat,  5 

Purosque  nos  praestet  sibi; 
Nihil  loquamnr  subdolum, 
Yolvamus  obscurum  nihil. 

Sic  tota  decurrat  dies, 

Ne  lingua  mendax,  ne  manus,  10 

Oculive  peccent  lubrici, 

Ne  noxa  corpus  inquinet. 

C  2 


58  PRUDENTIUS. 

Speculator  adstat  desuper, 
Qui  nos  diebus  omnibus 

15  Actusquc  nostros  prospicit 

A  luce  prima  in  vesperam, 


VI.  DE   EPIPIIANIA. 

O  sola  magnarum  urbiura, 
Maior  Bethlem,  cui  contigit 
Ducem  salutis  coelitus 
Incorporation  gignere. 

5  Haec  stella,  quae  solis  rotam 

Vincit  decore  ac  lumine, 
Yenisse  terris  nuntiat 
Cum  carne  terrestri  Deum. 

Videre  postquam  ilium  magi, 
10  Eoa  promunt  munera, 

Stratique  votis  offerunt 
Thus,  myrrham  et  aurum  regium, 

Regem  Deumque  annuntiant 
Thesaurus  et  fragrans  odor 
15  Thuris  Sabaei,  ac  myrrheus 

Pulvis  sepulcrum  praedocet. 

Iesu,  tibi  sit  gloria, 
Qui  apparuisti  gcntibus, 
Cum  Patre  et  almo  Spiritu, 
'20  In  sempiterna  saecnla. 


VI. 
S  E  D  U  L  I  U  S 


I.  DE   NATIVITATE   DOMINI. 

A  solis  ortus  cardine 
Ad  usque  terrae  limitem 
Christum  canamus  principem, 
Natum  Maria  virgine. 

Beatus  auctor  saeculi  5 

Servile  corpus  induit, 
Ut  carne  carnem  liberaus 
Ne  perderet  quos  condidit. 

Castae  parentis  viscera 
Coelestis  intrat  gratia:  10 

Venter  puellae  baiulat 
Secreta,  quae  non  noverat. 

Domus  pudici  pectoris 
Tempi um  repente  fit  Dei : 
Intacta,  nesciens  virum,  15 

Verbo  concepit  filium. 


60  SEDULIUS. 

Enixa  iam  puerpera  est, 
Quern  Gabriel  praedixerat, 
Quein  matris  alvo  gestiens 
20  Clausus  Ioannes  senserat. 

Foeno  iacere  pertulit, 

Praesepe  non  abhorruit, 
Parvoque  lacte  past  us  est, 
Per  quern  nee  ales  esurit. 

25  Gaudet  chorus  eoelestium 

Et  angeli  canunt  Deo, 

Palamque  fit  pastoribus 
Pastor,  creator  omnium. 


II.  DE   EPIPHANIA    DOMINI. 

Herodes,  hostis  impie, 
Christum  venire  quid  times? 
Non  eripit  mortalia, 
Qui  regna  dat  coelestia. 

5  Ibant  magi,  quam  viderant 

Stellam  sequentes  praeviam: 
Lumen  requirunt  lumine, 
Deum  fatentur  munere. 

Caterva  raatrum  personat, 
10  Collisa  deflens  pignora; 

Quorum  tyrannus  millia 
Christo  sacravit  victimam. 


SEDULIUS.  61 

Lavacra  puri  gurgitis 
Coelestis  agnus  attigit: 
Peceata,  quae  non  detulit,  15 

Nos  abluendo  sustulit. 

Miraculis  dedit  fidem, 
Habere  se  Deum  patrem, 
Infirma  sanans  corpora, 
Eesuscitans  cadavera.  20 

Novum  genus  potentiae : 
Aquae  rubescunt  hydriae, 
Vinumque  iussa  fundere 
Mutavit  unda  originem. 


ni.   SALVE    SANCTA  PARENS. 

Salve,  sancta  parens,  enixa  puerpera  Kegem, 
Qui  coelum  terramque  regit  per  saecula,  cuius 
Numen  et  aeterno  complectens  omnia  gyro 
Imperium  sine  fine  manet;    quae  ventre  beato 
Gaudia  matris  habens  cum  virginitatis  honore, 
Nee  primam  similem  visa  est,  nee  habere  sequen- 

tem; 
Sola  sine  exemplo  placuisti  f  emina  Christo ! 
Christe,  fave   votis,  qui   mundum   in   morte   iacen- 

tem 
Vivificare  volens  quondam  terrena  petisti! 


VII. 
E    L    P    I    S 


HYMNUS    DE    PETRO    ET   PAULO. 

Aurea  luce  et  decore  roseo 
Lux  lucis  omne  perfudisti  saeculum, 
Decorans  coelos  inelyto  martyrio 
Hac  sacra  die,  quae  dat  reis  veniam. 

5  Ianitor  coeli,  doctor  orbis  pariter, 

Indices  saecli,  vera  mundi  lumina, 
Per  crucem  alter,  alter  ense  triumphans, 
Vitae  senatum  laureati  possident. 

lam,  bone  pastor  Petre,  clemens  accipe 
10  Vota  precantum  et  peccati  vincula 

Resolve  tibi  potestate  tradita, 
Qui  cunctis  coclum  verbo  claudis,  aperis, 

Doctor  egregie  Paule,  mores  instrue, 
Et  mente  polum  nos  transferre  satage, 
15  Douce  perfectum  largiatur  plenius 

Evacnato,  quod  ex  parte  gerimus. 


ELPIS.  63 

Olivae  binae  pietatis  unicae, 

Fide  devotos,  spe  robustos,  maxume 

Fonte  repletos  caritatis  geminae 

Post  mortem  carnis  impetrate  vivere.  20 

O  Eoma  felix,  quae  duorum  principum 
Es  eonsecrata  glorioso  sanguine, 
Horum  cruore  purpurata  ceteras 
Excellis  orbis  una  pulchritudines. 

Sit  Trinitati  sempiterna  gloria,  25 

Honor,  potestas  atque  iubilatio, 

In  unitate,  cui  manet  imperium 

Et  tunc  et  modo  per  aeterna  saecula. 


VIII. 
FORTUNATUS. 


I.   DE    PASSIONE   DOMINI. 

Pange,  lingua,  gloriosi  proelium  certaminis, 

Et  super  crucis  tropaeo  die  trinmphum  nobilem„ 

Qualiter  Redemptor  orbis  immolatus  vicerit. 

De  parentis  protoplasti  fraude  factor  condolens, 
5  Quando  pomi  noxialis  morsu  in  mortem  corruit, 
Ipse  lignum  tunc  notavit,  damna  ligni  ut  solveret 

Hoc  opus  nostrae  salutis  ordo  depoposcerat, 
Multiformis  proditoris  ars  ut  arteni  falleret, 
Et  medelam  ferret  inde  hostis  unde  laeserat. 

10  Quando  venit  ergo  sacri  plenitudo  temporis, 
Missus  est  ab  arce  Patris  natus  orbis  conditor, 
Atque  ventre  virginali  caro  factus  prodiit. 

Vagit  infans  inter  arcta  conditus  praesepia, 
Membra  pannis  involuta  virgo  mater  alligat, 
15  Et  pedes  manusque  crura  stricta  cingit  fascia. 


FORTUNATUS.  65 

Lustra  sex  qui  iarn  peracta  tempus  implens  corporis, 
Se  volente  natus  ad  hoc,  passioui  deditus 
Agnus  in  cruce  levatur,  inimolandus  stipite. 

Hie  acetura,  fel,  arundo,  sputa,  clavi,  lancea, 

Mite  corpus  perforating  sanguis  unda  profluit,  20 

Terra,  pontus,  astra,  mundus  quo  lavantur  flumine. 

Crux  fidelis  inter  omnes  arbor  una  nobilis, 
Nulla  talem  silva  profert,  fronde,  flore,  genuine, 
Dulce  lignum  dulci  clavo  dulce  pondus  sustinens. 

JFlecte  ramos,  arbor  alta,  tensa  laxa  viscera,  25 

Et  rigor  lentescat  ille,  quern  dedit  nativitas, 
Ut  superni  membra  regis  miti  tendas  stipite. 

Sola  digna  tu  fuisti  ferre  pretium  saeculi, 
Atque  portum  praeparare  nauta  mundo  naufrago, 
Quern  sacer  cruor  perunxit  fusus  agni  corpore.        80 

n.   DE    CRUCE    CHRISTI. 

Crux  benedicta  nitet,  Dominus  qua  carne  pependit, 

Atque  cruore  suo  vulnera  nostra  lavit; 
Mitis  amore  pio  pro  nobis  victima  f actus, 

Traxit  ab  ore  lupi  qua  sacer  agnns  oves; 
Transfixis  palmis  ubi  mundum  a  clade  redemit,  5 

Atque  suo  clausit  funere  mortis  iter. 
Hie  manus  ilia  f uit  clavis  confixa  cruentis, 

Quae  eripuit  Paulum  crimine,  morte  Petrum. 
Fertilitate  potens,  O  dulce  et  nobile  lignum, 

Quando  tnis  ramis  tarn  nova  poma  geris ;  10 


66  FORTUNATUS. 

Cuius  odore  novo  defuncta  cadavera  surgunt, 

Et  redeunt  vitae  qui  caruere  die; 
Nullum  uret  aestus  sub  frondibus  arboris  huius, 

Luna  nee  in  nocte,  sol  neque  raeridie. 
15  Tu  plantata  micas,  secus  est  ubi  cursus  aquarum, 

Spargis  et  ornatas  flore  recente  comas. 
Appensa  est  vitis  inter  tua  brachia,  de  qua 

Dulcia  sanguineo  vina  rubore  fluunt. 


III.   DE    PASSIOSE    CIIRISTI. 

Vexilla  regis  prodeunt, 

Fulget  crucis  mysterium, 
Quo  carne  earn  is  conditor 
Suspensus  est  patibulo; 

5  Quo  vulneratus  insuper 

Mucrone  diro  lanceae, 
Ut  nos  lavaret  crimine 
Manavit  unda  et  sanguine. 

Impleta  sunt,  quae  concinit 
10  David  fldeli  carmine, 

Dicens  :  In  nationibus 
Regnabit  a  ligno  Dens! 

Arbor  decora  et  fulgida, 
Ornata  regis  purpura, 
15  Electa  digno  stipite 

Tain  sancta  membra  tangere ! 


FORTUNATUS.  67 

Beat  a,  cuius  brachiis 
Pretium  pependit  seculi; 
Statera  facta  corporis 
Praedamque  tulit  Tartari.  20 

Aroma  fundis  cortice, 
Vincis  saporem  nectaris, 
Iucunda  fructu  fertili 
Plaudis  triumpho  nobili. 

Salve  ara,  salve  victima,  25 

De  passion  is  gloria: 
Qua  vita  mortem  pertulit, 
Et  morte  vitam  reddidit! 

O  crux,  ave,  spes  unica, 
Hoc  passionis  tempore,  30 

Piis  adauge  gratiam, 
Keisque  dele  criminal 


IV.  DE   RESTJKRECTIONE   DOMINI. 

Salve,  festa  dies,  toto  venerabilis  aevo, 
Qua  Deus  infernum  vicit,  et  astra  tenet. 
Salve,  festa  dies,  toto  venerabilis  aevo. 

Ecce  renascentis  testatur  gratia  mundi 
Omnia  cum  Domino  dona  redisse  suo, 
Qua  Deus  infernum  vicit,  et  astra  tenet. 

Namque  triumphanti  post  tristia  Tartara  Christo 
Undique  fronde  nemus,  gramina  flore  favent. 
Salve,  festa  dies,  toto  venerabilis  aevo. 


68  FORTUNATUS. 

10      Legibus  infcrni  oppressis  super  astra  meantem 
Laudant  rite  Deum  lux,  polus,  arva,  f return, 
Qua  Deus  infernum  vicit,  et  astra  tenet. 

Qui  crucifixus  erat,  Deus  ecce  per  omnia  regnat, 
Dantque  Creatori  cuncta  creata  precem. 
15  Salve,  festa  dies,  toto  venerabilis  aevo. 


IX. 
EUGENIUS 


Rex  Dens,  immensi  quo  constat  machina  rnundi, 

Quod  miser  imploro  per  Christum,  perfice  clemens : 

Da  vigilem  sensum,  rex  regum  cuncta  gubernans, 

Da,  precor,  ingenium,  da  mentis  lumen  honestum. 

Sit  mihi  recta  fides,  et  falsis  obvia  sectis,  5 

Sit  mihi  praecipue  raorum  correctio  praesens. 

Sim  cams,  verax,  humilis,  cum  tempore  prudens, 

Secreti  tacitus  et  linguae  famine  cautus. 

Da  fidum  socium,  da  fixum  semper  amicum. 

Da  blandum,  sobrium,  parcum,  castumque  ministrum.  10 

Non  me  pauperies  cruciet,  aut  languor  obuncet 

Sit  comes  alma  salus,  et  sufficientia  victus. 

Absint  divitiae,  fastus  et  iurgia,  lites, 

Invidia  et  luxus  et  ventris  pensio  turpis. 

Crimine  nee  laedam  quemquam,  nee  crimine  laedar.  15 

Sic  bene  velle  queam,  quo  pravum  velle  recedat. 

Turpe  nihil  cupiam,  faciam,  vel  proloquar  unquam. 

Te  mens  desideret,  sermo  canat,  actio  promat. 

Da,  Pater  altitonans,  undosum  fletibus  imbrem 

Quo  valeam  lacrymis  culparum  solvere  moles.  20 


70  EUGENIUS. 

Da,  precor,  auxilium,  possim  quo  vincere  miindum 
Et  vitae  stadium  placido  percurrere  passu. 
Q  mini  que  suprema  dies  mortis  patefecerit  urnam, 
Concede  veniam,  cui  to/lit  culpa  coronam. 
25  Gloria  summa  tibi,  coelique  terraeque  Creator, 
Qui  Deus  es  trinus,  regnans  super  omnia  solus. 


X. 

AUCTOR    INCERTUS. 


Apparebit  repentina  dies  magna  Domini, 

Fur  obscura  velnt  nocte  improvisos  occupans. 

Brevis  totus  turn  parebit  prisci  luxus  saeculi, 
Totum  sinrnl  cum  clarebit  praeterisse  saeculum. 

Clangor  tubae  per  quaternas  terrae  plagas  concinens,    5 
Vivos  una  mortuosque  Christo  eiet  obviam. 

De  coelesti  Judex  arce,  maiestate  fulgidus, 
Claris  angelorum  choris  comitatus  aderit. 

Erubescet  orbis  lunae,  sol  et  obscurabitur, 

Stellae  cadent  pallescentes,  mundi  tremet  ambitus.  10 

Flamma  ignis  anteibit  iusti  vultum  Iudicis, 

Coelos,  terras  et  profundi  fluctus  ponti  devorans. 

Gloriosus  in  sublimi  Rex  sedebit  solio, 

Angelorum  tremebunda  circumstabunt  a^mina. 

Iluius  omnes  ad  electi  colligentur  dexteram,  15 

Pravi  pavent  a  sinistris,  haedi  velnt  foetidi. 


VA  AUCTOR    INCEETUS. 

Itc,  elicit  Rex  ad  dextros,  regnum  coeli  sumite, 
Pater  vobis  quod  paravit  ante  onine  saeeulum. 

Karitate  qui  fraterna  me  iuvistis  pauperem, 
20      Caritatis  nunc  mercedem  reportate  divites. 

Laeti  dicent :  Quando,  Christe,  pauperem  te  vidimus. 
Te,  Rex  magne,  vel  egentem  miserati  iuvimus? 

Magnus  illis  dicet  Index :  cum  iuvistis  pauperes, 
Panem, domum,  vestem  dantes,  me  iuvistis  humiles, 

25  Xec  tardabit  et  sinistris  loqui  iustus  Arbiter : 

In  Gehennae,  maledicti,  flammas  hinc  diseedite! 

Obsecrantem  me  audirc  despexistis  mendicum, 
Kudo  vestem  non  dedistis,  neglexistis  languidum, 

Peccatores  dicent :  Christe,  quando  te  vel  pauperem, 
30      Te,  Rex  magne,  vel  infirmum  contemnentes  spre- 
vimus? 

Quibus  contra  Index  altus:  Mendicanti  quamdiu 
Gpern  ferre  despexistis,  me  sprevistis  improbi. 

Retro  ruent  turn  iniusti  ignes  in  perpetuos, 

Vermis  quorum  non  morietur,  flamma  nee  restin- 
guitur. 

35  Satan  atro  cum  ministris  quo  tenetur  carcere, 

Fletus  ubi  mugitusque,  strident  omnes  dentibus-. 

Tunc  fideles  ad  coelestem  sustollentur  patriam, 
Choros  inter  angelorum  regni  petent  gandia. 


AUCT0R    INCERTUS.  73 

Urbis  snmmae  Hierusaleni  introibunt  gloriam, 

Vera  lucis  atque  pacis  in  qua  fulget  visio,  40 

XPM  regem  iain  paterna  claritate  splendidum 

Ubi  celsa  beatorum  contemplantur  agmina. 


Ydri  frandes  ergo  cave,  infirmantes  subleva, 
Aurura  temne,  fuge  lnxiis,  si  \is  astra  petere. 

Zona  clara  castitatis  lumbos  nunc  praecingere, 

In  occursum  magni  Regis  fer  ardentes  larapades.  45 

D 


XL 
GREGORIUS   MAGNUS 


I.   IIYMNUS    AD    LAUDES. 

Ecce  iam  noctis  tenuatur  umbra, 
Lucis  aurora  rutilans  coruscat, 
Nisibns  totis  rogitemus  omnes 
Cunctipotentem, 

5  Ut  Deus  noster  miseratus  oimiem 

Pellat  angorem,  tribuat  salutem, 
Donet  et  nobis  pietate  patris 
Regna  polorum. 

Praestet  hoc  nobis  Deitas  beata 
10  Patris  ac  Nati  pariterque  Sancti 

Spiritus,  cuius  reboat  per  omnem 
Gloria  mundum. 


II.   IN    CAENA    DOMINI. 

Rex  Christe,  factor  omnium, 
Redemptor  et  credentium, 
Placare  votis  supplicum 
Te  laudibus  colentium  ! 


GREGORIUS    MAGNUS.  75 

Cuius  benigna  gratia  5 

Crucis  per  alma  vulnera 
Virtute  solvit  ardua 
Primi  parentis  vincula. 

Qui  es  creator  siderum, 
Tegmen  subisti  carneum,  10 

Dignatus  banc  vilissimam 
Pati  doloris  formulam. 

Ligatus  es,  ut  solveres 
Mundi  mentis  complices, 
Per  probra  tergens  crimina,  15 

Quae  mundus  auxit  plurima. 

Cruci,  redemptor,  figeris5 
Terram  sed  omnem  concutis; 
Tradis  potentem  spiritum, 
Nigrescit  atque  seculum.  20 

Mox  in  pater nae  gloriae 
Victor  resplendens  culmine 
Cum  Spiritus  munimine 
Defende  nos,  Rex  optime! 


III.   IN    QUADRAGESIMA. 

Audi,  benigne  conditor, 
Nostras  preces  cum  fletibus 
In  boc  sacro  ieiunio 
Fusas  quadragenario. 


-  • 


<o  GREGORIUS    MAGNUS. 

5  Scrutator  aline  cordium3 

Infirma  tu  scis  virium, 
Ad  to  reversis  exhibe 
Remissionis  scratiam. 

Multum  quidem  peecaviuiuSj 
10  Sed  parce  confitentibus ; 

Ad  laudem  tui  nominis 
Confer  inedelam  languidis. 

Sic  corpus  extra  conteri 
Dona  per  abstinentiam, 
15  Ieiunet  ut  mens  sobria 

A  labe  prorsus  criminum. 


IV.   AD    NOCTURNAM. 

Nocte  surgentes  vigileraus  omnes, 
Semper  in  psalmis  meditemur,  atque 

Voce  concordi  Domino  canamns 
Dulciter  hymnos! 

5  Ut  pio  regi  pariter  canentes 

Cum  siiis  Sanctis   mereamur   aulam 
Ingredi  coeli  simul  et  perennem 
Dncere  vitam. 

Praestet  lioc  nobis  Deitas  beata 
10  Patris  ac   Nat i   pariterque  Sancti 

BpirituSj  cuius  resonal   per  omnem 
Gloria  mundum  ! 


GREGORIUS    MAGNUS.  77 


V.   DE    EPIPHANIA. 

Nuntium  vobis  fero  de  supernis, 
ISatus  est  Christus,  dominator  orbis, 
In  Bethlem  ludae,  veluti  propheta 
Dixerat  ante. 

Hunc  canit  laetus  chorus  angelorum,  5 

Stella  declarat,  veniunt  Eoi 
Principes  dignum  celebrare  cultum, 
Mystiea  dona. 

Thus  Deo;  myrrham  trocleten  humando, 
Bracteas  regi  chrvseas  tulere,  10 

Dum  colunt  unum,  meminere  trino 
Tres  dare  terna. 


VI.  IIYMNUS    IN   DIE   PENTECOSTE. 

Veni,  creator  Spiritns, 
Mentes  tuornm  visita, 
Imple  superna  gratia 
Quae  tu  creasti  pectora. 

Qui  Paraclitus  diceris,  5 

Donum  Dei  altissimi, 
Fons  vivus,  ignis,  caritas, 
Et  spiritalis  unctio. 

Tu  septif  oralis  nmnere, 

Dextrae  Dei  tu  digitus,  10 

Tu  rite  promissura  Patris 

Sermone  ditans  guttura. 


<$  GREGORirS    MAGNUS. 

Accende  lumen  sensibus, 
Infunde  amorem  cordibns, 
15  Infirma  nostri  corporis 

Virtute  firmans  perpetim. 

Hostem  repel  las  longins, 
Pacemqne  dones  protinus9 
Ductore  sic  te  praevio 
20  Vitemns  omne  noxium. 

Da  gaudiorum  praemia, 
Da  gratiarum  rrmnera, 
Dissolve  litis  vincula, 
Adstringe  pacis  foedera. 

25  Per  te  sciamus,  da,  Pat  rem, 

Nbscamus  atque  Filium, 
Te  utriusque  Spiritum 
Credamus  omni  tempore. 

Sit  iaus  Patri  cum  Filio, 
30  Sancto  simul  Paraclito, 

Nobisqne  mittat  Filius 
Charisma  saneti  Spiritus. 


XII. 
BEDA   VENERABILIS 


I.   DE    NATALI    INNOCENTIUM. 

Hymnum  canentes  martyrum 

Dicamus  irmocentium, 

Quos  terra  flentes  perdidit, 

Gaudens  sed  aethra  suscipit. 

Vultuni  patris  per  saecula  5 

Quorum  tuentur  angeli, 

Eiusque  laudant  gratiam, 

Hymnum  canentes  martyrum. 

Quos  rex  peremit  impius, 

Pius  sed  auctor  colligit,  10 

Secum  beatos  collocans; 

In  luce  regni  perpetis. 

Qui  mansiones  singulis 

Largitus  in  domo  patris, 

Donat  supernis  sedibus  15 

Quos  rex  peremit  impius. 

Vox  in  Rama  percrebuit, 

Lamenta  luctus  maximi, 

Rachel  suos  cum  lacrimis 

Perfusa  flevit  filios.  20 


SO  BEDA    VENEBABILIS. 

Gaudent  triumpho  perpeti 

Tormenta  quique  vicerant, 
Quorum  gemens  ob  verbera 
Vox  in  Rama  percrebuit. 

25  K*e,  grex  pusille,  formides 

Dentes  leonis  perfidos, 
Pastor  bonus  nam  pascua 
Vobis  dabit  coelestia. 
Agnum  Dei  qui  candidum 

30  Mundo  sequeris  tramite, 

Manns  latronis  impias 
Xe;  grex  pusille,  formides. 

Absterget  omnem  lacrymam 
Vestris  pater  de  vultibus, 

35  Mors  vobis  ultra  non  noeet9 

Vitae  receptis  moenibus. 
Qui  seminent  in  lacrymis 
Longo  metent  in  gaudio, 
Genis  lugentum  conditor 

40  Absterget  omnem  lacrymam. 

O !   quam  beata  civitas 
In  qua  redemptor  venitur, 
Natoque  primae  martyrum 
In  qua  dicantur  liostiac. 
45  Tsunquam  vocaris  parvula 

In  civitatum  millibus, 
Ex  qua  novus  dux  ortus  est, 
O  !   quam  beata  civitas  ! 


BEDA    VENERABILIS.  81 

Adstant  nitentes  fulgidis 

Eius  throno  nunc  vestibus,  50 

Stolas  suas  qui  laverant 

Agni  rubentes  sanguine. 

Qui  perpetis  pro  patriae 

Regno  gementcs  fleveraut, 

Laeti  Deo  cum  laudibus  55 

Adstant  nitentes  fulgidis. 


II.   DE    ASCENSIONE    DOMINI. 

Hymnum  canamus  gloriae, 
Hymni  novi  nunc  personent, 
Christus  novo  cum  tramite 
Ad  Patris  ascendit  thronnm. 

Transit  triumpho  gloriae  5 

Poli  potenter  culmina, 
Qui  morte  mortem  absumserat. 
Derisus  a  mortalibus. 

Erant  in  admirabili 
Regis  triumpho  alti  throni  10 

Coetus  simul  coelestium 
Polum  petentes  agminum. 

Apostoli  turn,  mystico 
In  monte  stantes  chrismatis, 
Cum  matre  claram  virgine  15 

Iesu  videbant  gloriam. 
D  2 


S2  BKDA    VENERABILIS. 

Ac  ipse  cuncta  transiens 
Coeli  micantis  culraina 
Ad  dexteram  patris  sedit 
fc20  Consempiternus  filius: 

Venturas  inde  in  gloria 
Vivos  simul  cum  mortuis 
Diiudicare  pro  actibus, 
Iusto  potens  examine. 

25  Quo  nos  precamur  tempore, 

Iesu  redemptor  unice, 
Inter*  tuos  in  ae there 
Servos  benign  us  ad^refira. 

Nostris  ibi  turn  cordibus, 
30  Tuo  repleto  Spiritu, 

Ostende  Patrem,  et  sufficit 
Haec  nobis  una  visio. 


III.    AD    CRUCEM. 

Salve,  tropaeum  gloriae, 
Salve,  sacrum  vietoriae 
Signum,  Dens  quo  perditum 
Mundum  redemit  mortuus. 

O  gloriosa  fulgidis 
Crux  eraicas  virtutibus, 
Quam  Christus  ipse  proprii 
Membris  dicavit  corporis. 


BED  A    VENERABILIS.  83 

Quondam  genus  mortalium 

Me tu  premebas  pallido,  10 

At  nunc  reples  lideliura 

Amore  laeto  pectora. 

En!   ludus  est  credentium 

Tuis  fnii  eomplexibns, 

Quae  tanta  gignis  gaudia,  15 

Pandis  polique  januas; 

Quae  coi id i tons  suavia 

Post  membra,  nobis  snavior 

Es  melle  facta,  et  omnibus 

Praelata  mundi  honoribns.  20 

Te  nunc  adire  gratulor, 
Te  caritatis  brachiis 
Complector,  ad  coelestia 
Conscendo  per  te  gaudia. 

Sic  tu  libens  me  suscipe,  25 

Illius,  alma,  servulum, 
Qui  me  redemit  per  tuam 
Magister  altus  gloriam. 

Sic  fatur  Andreas,  crucis 

Erecta  cernens  cornua,  30 

Tradensque  vestem  militi, 

Levator  in  vitae  arborem. 


XIII. 

PAULUS    DiACONUS 


Ut  queant  laxis 
Resonare  fibris 
Mira  gestorum 
Famuli  tuornra, 
5  Solve  polluti 

Labii  reatum, 
Sancte  Iohannes! 

Xmitius  celso 
Veniens  Olyrapo, 
10  Te  patri  magnum 

Fore  nascituram, 
Komen  et  vitae 
Seriem  gerendae 
Ordine  promit. 

15  Tile  promissi 

Dubins  superni, 
Perdidit  prointae 
Modulos  loquelae, 
Sed  reformasti 

20  Geuitus  peremtae 

Onrana  vocis. 


PAULUS    DIACONUS.  85 

Ventris  obtruso 
Recubans  cubili, 
Senseras  Herein 

Thalamo  nianeutein,  25 

Hi nc  parens  nati 
Mentis  uterque 
Abdita  pandit. 

Sit  decus  Patri, 
Genitaeque  Proli,  30 

Et  tibi,  coinpar 

Utri usque  virtus, 

Spiritus  semper, 

Deus  unus,  ornni 

Temporis  aevo!  35 


XIV. 

ALCUIN. 


Te  homo  laudet,       alme  creator, 

Peetore,  mente,       pacis  amore, 

Kon  modo  parva       pars  quia  niinidi  est, 

Sed  tibi,  Sancte,      solus  imago 
5  Magna,  creator,       mentis  in  arce 

Pectore  puro,       dum  pie  vivit. 

O  Deus  et  lux,       laus  tua  semper 
Pectora  et  ora       compleat,  ut  te 
Semper  amemus,       sanctus  ubique. 

10  Ilaec  pia  verba,       virgo  fidelis, 

Ore  caveto,       ut  tua  mitis 
Tempora  Christus       tota  gubernet 

Te  cui  castum       corpore,  mente 
Dirige  tempi um,       dulcis  arnica, 
15  Et  sine  semper       fine  valeto. 

Qui  tibi  solus  sit,  rogo,  semper 
Lux,  amor  atque  forma  salutis, 
Vita  perennis,      gloria  perpes! 


XV. 
THEODULPHUS 


IN    RAMIS    PALMARCM. 

Gloria,  laus    et   honor    tibi    sit,  rex    Christe    re- 
demptor, 
Cai  puerile  decus  promsit  Hosanna  pium. 
Israel  tu  rex,  Davidis  et  inclyta  proles, 
Nomine  qui  in  Domini,  rex  benedicte,  venis. 
Coetus  in  excelsis  te  laudat  coelicus  omnis  5 

Et  mortalis  homo,  cuncta  creata  simul. 
Plebs  Hebraea  tibi  cum  palmis  obvia  venit: 
Cum  prece,  voto,  hymnis  adsumus  ecce  tibi. 
Hi  tibi  passuro  solvebant  munia  laudis, 
Xos  tibi  regnanti  pangimus  ecce  melos.  10 

Hi  placuere  tibi ;  placeat  devotio  nostra, 
Rex  pie,  rex  clemens,  cui  bona  cuncta  placent. 
Gloria,  laus  et  honor  tibi  sit,  rex  Christe  redemptor, 
Cui  puerile  decus  promsit  Hosanna  pium. 


XVI. 

NOTKERUS    VETUSTIOR 


i.   ANTIPHONA    IN    MORTE. 

Media  vita 
In  morte  sumns; 
Quern  querimus  adjutorem, 
Nisi  te,  Domine, 
5  Qui  pro  peecatis  nostris 

Iuste  irasceris ! 
Sancte  Dens,  sancte  fortis, 
Sancte  et  misericors  Salvator 
Amarae  morti 
10  Ke  tradas  nos! 


II.   ANTIPHONA.       GLORIA    IN    EXCELSIS. 

Grates  nunc,  omnes  reddamus  Domino  Deo, 

Qui  sua  nativitate  nos  liberavit 

I  )c  diabolica  potestate. 

Huic  oportet,  ut  canainus  cum  angel  is  semper 

Gloria  in  excelsis. 


N0TKERUS    VETUSTIOR.  89 


III.   DE    NATIVITATE    DOMINI. 


Eia  recolamus  laudibus  piis  digna  huius  diei  car- 

mina, 
In  qua  lux  nobis  oritur  gratissima. 
Xoctis  interit  nebula,  pereunt  nostri  criminis  urn- 

bracula : 
Hodie  seculo   maris  stella  est  enixa  novae  salutis 

gaudia, 
5  Quern  tremunt  barathra,  mors   cruenta  pa  vet  (ipsa 

a  quo  peribit  mortua). 
Gemit  eapta  pestis  antiqua,  coluber  lividus  perdit 

spolia. 
Homo   lapsus,  ovis   abducta,  revocatur   ad  aeterna 

gaudia. 
Gaudent  in.  hac  die  a^mina  anorelorum  coelestia, 
Quia  erat  drachma  decima  perdita  et  est  inventa. 
10  O  culpa  nimium  beata,  qua  redempta  est  natura. 
Deus,  qui  creavit  omnia,  nascitur  ex  foemina. 
Mirabilis  natura,  mirifice  induta, 
Assumens  quod  non  erat,  manens  quod  erat. 
Induitur    natura    divinitas    humana :    quis    audivit 

talia,  die,  rogo,  facta? 
15  Quaerere  venerat  pastor  pius,  quod  perderat ; 
Induit  galeam,  certat  ut  miles  armatura: 
Prostratus  in  sua  propria  ruit  hostis  spicula; 
Auferuntur  tela,  in  quibus  fidebat ;  divisa  sunt  eius 

spolia ; 
Capta  praeda  sua.      Christi  pugna  fortissima  salus 

nostra  est  vera, 
20  Qui  nos  suam  ad  patriam  duxit  post  victoriam, 
In  qua  sibi  laus  est  aeterna. 


XVII. 
AUCTOR    INCERTUS 


DE  ANNUNCIATIONE    B.  MARIAE. 

Ave  maris  stella, 
Dei  mater  alma 
Atque  semper  virgo, 
Felix  coeli  porta. 

5  Sumens  illud  Ave 

Gabrielis  ore 
Funda  nos  in  pace, 
Mutans  nomen  Evae. 

Solve  vincla  reis, 
10  Profer  lumen  caecis, 

Mala  nostra  pelle, 
Bona  cimcta  posce. 

Monstra  te  esse  matrem, 
Suraat  per  te  preces, 
15  Qui  pro  nobis  natus 

Tulit  esse  tuns. 


AUCTOR   INCERTUS.  91 

Virgo  singularis, 
Inter  omnes  mitis, 
Nos  culpis  solutos 
Mites  fae  et  castos.  20 

Vitam  praesta  puram, 
Iter  para  tutum, 
Ut  videntes  Iesum 
Semper  collaetemur ! 

Sit  laus  Deo  Patri,  25 

Surarao  Christo  decus, 
Spiritui  Sancto : 
Tribus  honor  unus! 


XVIII. 
ROBERTUS,  GALLIAE  REX 


AD    SANCTUM    SPIRITUS. 

Veni,  Sancte  Spiritus, 
Et  emitte  coelitus 
Lucis  tuae  radium. 
Veni,  pater  pauperum, 
5  Veni,  dator  munerum, 

Veni,  lumen  cordium; 

Consolator  optime, 
Dalcis  hospes  animae, 
Dulce  refrigerium  : 
10  In  labore  requies, 

In  aestu  temperies, 
In  fletu  solatium. 

()  lux  beatissima, 

Reple  cordis  intima 
L5  Tuorum  fidelinm! 

Sine  tuo  nn mine 
Nihil  est  in  liomine, 

Nihil  est  innoxium. 


R0BERTUS,  GALLIAE    REX.  93 


Lava  quod  est  sordidum, 
Riga  quod  est  aridum,  20 

Sana  quod  est  saucium ; 
Flecte  quod  est  rigid um, 
Fove  quod  est  frigid  urn, 
Eege  quod  est  devium ! 

Da  tuis  fidelibus  25 

In  te  confitentibus 
Sacrum  septenarium ; 
Da  virtutis  meritum, 
Da  salutis  exitum, 
Da  perenne  gaudium!  30 


XIX. 
PETRUS    DAMIANI 


I.   DE   DIE    MOETIS. 

Gravi  me  terrore  pulsas,  vitae  dies  ultima; 
Moeret  cor,  solvuntur  renes,  laesa  tremunt  viscera, 
Tuam  speeiem  dum  sibi  mens  depingit  anxia. 

Quis  enim  pavendum  illud  explicet  spectaculum 
5  Cum,  dimenso  vitae  eursu,  carnis  aegra  nexibus 
Anima  luetatur  solvi,  propinquans  ad  exitum  ? 

Perit  sensus,  lingua  riget,  resolvuntur  oculi, 
Pectus  palpitat,  anhelat  raucum  guttur  hominis, 
Stupent  membra,  pallent  ora,  decor  abit  corporis : 

10      Ecce!  diversorum  partes  confluunt  spirituum  : 
Ilinc  angelicae  virtutes,  illic  turba  daemonum. 
Illi  propius  accedunt,  quos  invitat  meritum. 

Praesto  sunt  et  cogitatus,  verba,  cursus,  opera ; 
Et  prae  oculis  nolentis  glomerantur  omnia: 
15  Illuc  tendat,  hue  se  vertat,  coram  videt  posita. 


PETEUS   DAMIANI.  95 

Torquet  ipsa  re um  sinum  mordax  conseientia : 
Plorat  apta  corrigendi  deflnxisse  tempora ! 
Plena  luctu  caret  fructu  sera  poenitehtia. 

Falsa  tunc  dulcedo  carnis  in  amarum  vertitur, 
Quando  brevem  volnptatera  perpes  poena  sequitur;    20 
lam  quod  magnum  credebatur  nil  fuisse  cernitur. 

Atque  mens  in  smnmae  lucis  gloriam  sustollitur, 
Aspernatur  lutuin  carnis  quo  mersa  pervolvitur, 
Et  ut  carcerati  nexu  laetabunda  solvitnr. 

Sed  egressa  durum  iter  experitur  anima,  25 

Qua  incursant  f  uriosa  dirae  pestis  agmina, 
Et  diversa  suis  locis  instrnunt  certamina. 

Xam  hie  incentores  gulae,  illic  avaritiae ; 
Alibi  fautores  irae,  alibi  superbiae  : 
Vitii  cuiusque  globus  suas  parat  acies.  30 

lam  si  cedat  una  turma  mox  insurgit  altera ; 
Omnis  ars  tentatur  belli,  omnis  pugnae  maclrina, 
Xe  ab  hostium  pudore  sic  evadat  anima. 

O  quam  torva  bellatorum  monstra  sunt  feralium ! 
Tetri,  truces,  truculenti,  flammas  efflant  naribus  ;         35 
Dracontea  tument  colla ;  virus  stillant  faucibus. 

Serpentinis  armant  spiris  manus  doctas  proeliis ; 
His  oppugnant  adventantes  telis  velut  ferreis; 
His  quos  attrahunt,  aeternis  mancipant  incendiis. 


96  PETRUS    DAMIANI. 

40     Quaeso,  Christe,  Rex  invicte,  tu  succurre  misero ! 

Sub  extrema  mortis  hora  cum  iussus  abiero, 
Nullum  in  me  ius  tyranno  praebeatur  impio! 

Cadat  princeps  tenebrarum,  cadat  pars  tartarea! 

Pastor,  oveni  iam  reclemptam  tunc  reduc  ad  patriaim 
45  Ubi  te  vivendi  causa  perfrnar  in  saecula  ! 


II.   KIIYTIIMUS    PASCIIALIS. 

Paschalis  festi  gaudium 
Mundi  replet  ambitum ; 
Coelum,  tellus  et  maria 
Laeta  promant  carmina 
Et  Alleluia  consonis 
Modulentur  organis. 


Solus  ultilet  Tartarus 
Rapta  praeda  vacuus, 
Fractos  vectes  et  ferrea 
10  Strata  ploret  moenia, 

Quae  submit  rex  gloriae 
Cum  laude  victoriae. 

Stupenda  lex  mysterii, 
Novum  genus  proelii: 
15  Ligatufi  nexos  liberat, 

Mortuus  vivificat, 
Dumcpic  vita  perimitur 
Mortis  mors  efficitur. 


PETRUS    DAMIANI.  97 

Cum  auctor  vitae  moritur 

Orbis  et  commoritur,  20 

Sol  radios  operuit, 

Lugens  terra  tremuit, 

Templi  velum  dividitur, 

Vis  saxorum  scinditur. 


Brevi  sepulcro  clauditur,  25 

Qui  coelo  non  capitur, 

Praeda  vallatus  divite, 

Victo  mortis  prineipe, 

Triumphali  potentia 

Surgit  die  tertia.  30 

Mox  intonat  augelicus 

Sermo  mulieribus, 

Apostolis  ut  dulcia 

Haec  deferrent  nuntia : 

"In  Galilaeam  pergite  35 

Ibi  Christum  eernite." 

lam  regis  Aegyptiaci 

Servitute  liberi, 

Post  maris  Eubri  transitum 

Novum  demus  canticum  :  40 

Mortis  soluti  legibus 

Christo  consurreximus. 

Totis,  Christe,  visceribus 
Tibi  laudcs  reddimus, 
E 


98  PETRUS    DAMIAXI. 

45  Qui  resurgens  a  mortuis 

Ultra  iam  non  moreris; 
Sit  Patri  laus  ct  parili 
Decus  onme  Flamini. 


III.    TAULUS. 

Paule,  doctor  egregie, 
Tuba  clangens  ecclesiae, 
Nubes  volans  ac  tonitrum 
Per  amplum  mundi  circulum. 

5  Nobis  potenter  intona, 

Ruraque  cordis  irriga, 
Coelestis  imbre  gratiac 
Mentes  virescant  aridae. 

O  magnum  Pauli  meritum, 
10  Coelum  conscendit  tertium, 

Audit  verba  mysterii, 
Quae  nullis  audet  eloqui. 

Dum  verbi  spargit  semina, 
Seges  surgit  uberrima, 
15  Sic  coeli  replent  horreum 

Bonorum  fruges  operum. 


XX. 

MARBOD 


I.    DE    RESURRECTIOXE    MORTDORUM. 

Credere  quid  dubitem  fieri  quod  posse  probating 

Cuius  et  ipse  typuiri  naturae  munere  gesto? 

Quaque  die  somno,  ceu  mortis  imagine  pressus, 

Rursus  et  evigilans  veluti  de  morte  resurgo; 

Ipsa  mini  sine  voce  loquens  natura  susurrat :  5 

Post  somnum  vigilas,  post  mortis  tempora  vives. 

Clamat  idem  mundus,  naturaque  provida  rerum, 

Quas  Deus  humanis  sic  condidit  usibus  aptas, 

Ut  possint  homini  quaedam  signare  futura. 

Mntat  lima  vices5  defunctaque  lumine  rursum  10 

Xascitur,  augmentum  per  menstrua  tempora  sumens; 

Sol  quoque,  per  noctem  quasi  sub  tellure  sepultus, 

Surgens  mane  novus  reditum  de  morte  figurat : 

Signat  idem  gyros  agitando  volubile  coelum, 

Aera  distinguens  tenebris  et  luce  sequente.  15 

Ipsa  parens  tellus  quae  corpora  nostra  receptat, 

Servat  in  arboribus  vitae  mortisque  figuram, 

Et  similem  formam  redivivis  servat  in  herbis. 

Nudatos  foliis  brumali  tempore  ramos5 


100  MARBOD. 

20  Et  velut  arentes  mortis  sub  imagine  tnmcos 
In  propriara  speeiem  frondosa  resuscitat  aestas; 
Quaeque    peremit   liyems    nova    gramina    vere    re- 

surgunt, 
Ut  suns  incipiat  labor  arridere  colonis. 
Nos  quoque  spes  eadem  manet  et  reparatio  vitae, 

25  Qua  revirescat  idem,  sed  non  resolubile  corpus. 
An  milii  subiectis  data  sit  renovatio  rebus, 
Totus  et  banc  speeiem  referens  mibi  serviat  orbis, 
Me  solum  interea  premat  irreparabile  damnum? 
Et  quid  erit  causae  modico  cur  tempore  vivens, 

30  Optima  pars  mundi,  vitaeque  Datoris  imago, 
Post  modicum  peream,  sublata  spe  redeundi, 
At  pro  me  factus  duret  per  saecula  mundus  ? 
Nonne  putas  dignum  magis  inferiora  perire 
Irreparabiliter,  quain  quae  potiora  probantur? 

35  Sed  tamen  ilia  manent,  ergo  magis  ista  manebunt. 


n.    OKATIO   AD    DOMINUM. 

Deus-liomo,  Rex  coelorum, 

Miserere  miserorum ; 

Ad  peccandum  proni  sumus, 

Et  ad  humuin  redit  humus; 
5  Tu  ruinam  nostram  fulci 

Pietate  tua  dulci. 

Quid  est  homo,  proles  Adae? 

Gepmen  necis  dignum  clade. 

Quid  est  homo  nisi  vermis, 
10  Res  infirma,  res  inermis  ? 


MARBOD.  101 

Ne  digneris  liuic  irasci, 

Qui  non  potest  miuidus  nasci : 

Noli,  Deus,  hunc  damnare, 

Qui  non  potest  non  peccare; 

Iudicare  non  est  aequum  15 

Creaturam,  non  est  tecum : 

Xon  est  miser  homo  tanti, 

Ut  respondeat  Tonanti. 

Sicut  umbra,  sieut  f umus. 

Sicut  foenum  facti  sumus:  20 

Miserere,  Rex  coelorum,, 

Miserere  miserorura. 


XXL 

HILDEBERTUS  TURONENSIS 


I.    CIIRISTUS    MARITUS. 

Turtur  inane  nescit  amare, 
Nam,  semel  uni  nupta  marito 
Nocte  dieque  juncta  manebit. 
Absque  marito  nemo  videbit. 

5  Sed  viduata  si  caret  ipso, 

Xon  tamen  ultra  nubet  amico, 

Sola  volabit,  sola  sedebit, 

Et  quasi  vivum  semper  tenebit. 

Sic  est  anima  quaeque  fidelis 
10  Facta  virili  foedere  felix: 

Xamque  est  Christus  sibi  maritus, 
Quum  sua  de  se  pectora  replet: 
Et,  bene  vivens,  semper  adhaeret, 
Nbn  alienum  quaerit  amicum. 
15  Quamlibet  Orcus  sumpserit  ilium. 

Quern  snperesse  credit  in  aetlire, 
Indc   fiiturnm  spectat  eundem, 
CJt  microcosmum  judicet  omnem. 


HILDEBERTUS    TURONENSIS.  103 

n.    AD    TRES    PERSONAS    ST.  TRINITATIS. 

AD    PATREM. 

Alpha  et  12,  magiie  Deus, 

Heli,  Heli,  Deus  mens ; 

Cuius  virtus  totum  posse, 

Cuius  sensus  totum  nosse, 

Cuius  esse  sumraum  bonum,  5 

Cuius  opus  quidquid  bonum ; 

Super  cuncta,  subter  cuncta, 

Extra  cuncta,  intra  cuncta, 

Intra  cuncta,  nee  inclusus, 

Extra  cuncta,  nee  exclusus ;  10 

Super  cuncta,  nee  el  at  us, 

Subter  cuncta,  nee  substrains ; 

Super  lotus,  praesidendo, 

Subter  totus,  sustinendo ; 

Extra  totus,  complectendo,  15 

Intra  totus  es,  implendo ; 

Intra  nunquani  coarctaris, 

Extra  nunquani  dilataris, 

Super  nullo  sustentaris, 

Subter  nullo  fatigaris:  20 

Mundum  raovens  non  moveris, 

Locum  tenens  non  teneris ; 

Tempus  mutans  non  mutaris, 

Vao;a  firmans  non  vagaris; 

Vis  externa  vel  necesse  25 

Xon  alternat  tuum  esse. 

Heri  nostrum,  eras  et  pridem 

Semper  tibi  nunc  et  idem. 

Tuum,  Deus,  hodiernum 

Indivisum  sempiternum;  30 


104  HILDEBEETUS    TUBQNENSIS. 

In  hoc  totum  praevidisti, 
Totum  simul  perfecisti. 
Ad  exemplar  snmmae  mentis 
Formam  praestans  elementis. 

AD    FILIDM. 

35  Nate,  Patri  coaequalis, 

Patri  consubstantialis, 

Patris  splendor  et  figura, 
Factor  factus  creatura, 
Carnem  nostram  induisti, 

40  Causam  nostram  suscepisti : 

Sempiterims,  temporalis ; 
Moriturus,  immortalis ; 
Verns  homo,  verus  Deus ; 
Impermixtus  IIomo-Deus. 

45  Kon  conversus  hie  in  carnem ; 

Kec  minutus  propter  carnem  : 
Hie  assumptus  est  in  Deum, 
Ron  consumptus  propter  Deum; 
Patri  compar  Deitate, 

50  Minor  carnis  veritate  : 

Deus  pater  tantum  Dei, 
Virgo  mater,  sed  est  Dei : 
In  tarn  nova  ligatura 
Sic  utraque  stat  natura, 

55  Ut  conservet  quicquid  erat, 

Facta  quiddam  quod  non  erat 
Noster  iste  mediator, 
Iste  noster  legislator, 
Circumcisus,  baptizatus, 

60  CrncifixiiSj  tmnulatus, 


HILDEBERTUS    TURONENSIS.  105 

Obdormivit  et  descendit, 
Kesurrexit  et  ascendit : 
Sic  ad  coelos  elevatus 
Iudicabit  iudicatus. 

AD   SPIRITUM   SANCTUM. 

Paraclitus  increatus,  65 

Neque  factus,  neque  natus, 
Patri  eonsors,  Genitoque, 
Sic  procedit  ab  utroque 
Ne  sit  minor  potestate, 
Vel  discretus  qualitate.  70 

Quanti  illi,  tantus  iste; 
Quales  illi,  talis  iste; 
Ex  quo  illi,  ex  tunc  iste ; 
Quantum  illi,  tantum  iste. 
Pater  alter,  sed  gignendo ;  75 

Natus  alter,  sed  nascendo ; 
Flamen  ab  his  procedendo; 
Tres  sunt  unum  subsistendo. 
Quisque  trium  plenus  Deus, 
Non  tres  tamen  Di,  sed  Deus,  80 

In  hoc  Deo,  Deo  vero, 
Tres  et  unum  assevero, 
Dans  usiae  unitatem, 
Et  personis  trinitatem. 
In  personis  nulla  prior,  85 

Nulla  minor,  nulla  maior ; 
Unaquaeque  semper  ipsa, 
Sic  est  constans  atque  fixa, 
Ut  nee  in  se  varietur, 

Nee  in  ulla  transmutetnr.  90 

E2 


10G  HILDEBERTUS    TURONENSIS. 

Haec  est  fides  ortliodoxa 


Xon  hie  error  sine  noxa ; 
Sicut  dico3  sic  et  credo, 
Nee  in  pravam  partem  ceda 
95  Inde  venit,  bone  Dens, 

Ne  desperem  qnamvis  reus: 
Reus  mortis  11011  despero, 
Sed  in  morte  vitam  qnaero. 
Quo  te  placem  nil  praetendq 

100  Xisi  fidem  quam  defendo : 

Fidem  vides,  banc  iraploro; 
Leva  fascem  quo  laboro ; 
Per  hoc  sacrum  cataplasma 
Convalescat  aegrum  plasma. 

105  Extra  portara  iam  delatum, 

lam  foetentem,  tumuiatum, 
Yitta  ligat,  lapis  urget; 
Sed  si  iubes,  hie  resnrget . ; 
lube,  lapis  revolvetur, 

110  lube,  vitta  dirnmpetnr: 

Exitnrns  nescit  moras, 
Postqnam  clamas :  Exi  foras. 
In  hoc  salo  mea  ratis 
Infestatnr  a  piratis; 

115  Ilinc  assnltns,  inde  flnctns, 

J I  i i ic*  et  inde  mors  et  luctus; 
Sed  tu,  bone  Nauta,  veni, 
Preme  ventos,  mare  leni; 
Fae  abseedant  hi  piratae, 
Due  ad  portuni  salva  rate. 
Ini'ecunda  mea  fiens. 
Cuius   ramus  ramus  siccus, 


HILDEBERTUS    TURONENSIS.  107 

Incidetur,  incendetur, 

Si  promulgas  quod  meretur; 

Sed  hoc  anno  dimittatur,  125 

Stereoretur,  fodiatur ; 

Quod  si  necdum  respondebit, 

Flens  hoc  loquor,  tunc  ardebit 

Vetus  host  is  in  me  fnrit, 

Aquis  mersat,  flam  mis  urit :  130 

Indo  lan^uens  et  afflictus 

Tibi  soli  sum  relictus. 

Ut  infirmus  convalescat, 

Ut  hie  hostis  evanescat, 

Tu  virtutem  ieiunandi  135 

Des  infirmo,  des  orandi : 

Per  haec  duo,  Christo  teste, 

Liberabor  ab  liac  peste ; 

Ab  liac  peste  solve  mentem, 

Fac  devotum,  poenitentem  ;  140 

Da  timorem,  quo  proiecto, 

De  salute  nil  coniecto; 

Da  fidem,  spein,  caritatem  ; 

Da  discretam  pietatem ; 

Da  contemptum  terrenorum,  145 

Appetitum  supernorum. 

Totum,  Deus,  in  te  spero  ; 

Deus,  ex  te  totum  quaero. 

Tu  laus  mea,  raeum  bonum, 

Mea  cuncta  timm  donum;  150 

Tu  solamen  in  labore, 

Medicamen  in  languore ; 

Tu  in  luctu  mea  lyra, 

Tu  lenimen  es  in  ira : 


108  IIILDEBERTUS    TURONENSIS. 

155  Tu  in  arcto  liberator, 

Tu  in  lapsu  relevator; 
Motum  praestas  in  provectu, 
Spem  conservas  in  defectu ; 
Si  quis  laedit,  tu  rependis; 

100  Si  minatur,  tn  defendis  : 

Quod  est  anceps  tu  dissolvis3 
Quod  tegendum  tu  involvis. 
Tu  intrare  nie  non  sinas 
Infernales  officinas ; 

165  Ubi  moeror,  ubi  metus, 

XJbi  foetor,  ubi  fletus, 
Ubi  probra  deteguntur, 
Ubi  rei  confunduntur, 
Ubi  tortor  semper  caedens, 

170  Ubi  vermis  semper  edens; 

Ubi  totum  hoc  perenne, 
Quia  perpes  mors  gehennae. 

Me  receptet  Syon  ilia, 
Syon,  David  urbs  tranquilla, 

175  Cuius  faber  auctor  lucis, 

Cuius  portae  lignum  crucis, 
Cuius  muri  lapis  vivns, 
Cuius  custos  rex  festivus. 
In  hac  urbe  lux  solennis, 

180  Ver  aeternum,  pax  perennis : 

In  hac  odor  implens  coelos, 
In  hac  semper  festum  melos; 
Non  est  ibi  corruptela, 
Non  defectus,  non  querela ; 

185  Non  minuti,  non  deformes, 

Onincs  Christo  sunt  conformes. 


HILDEBERTUS    TURONENSIS.  109 

TJrbs  coelestis,  urbs  beata, 

Super  petram  colloeata, 

Urbs  in  porta  satis  tuto, 

De  longinquo  te  saluto,  190 

Te  saluto,  te  suspiro, 

Te  affeeto,  te  require. 

Quantum  tui  gratulantur, 

Quam  festive  convivantur, 

Quis  affectus  eos  stringat,  195 

Aut  quae  gemma  muros  pingat, 

Quis  chalcedon,  quis  iacinthus5 

Norunt  illi  qui  sunt  intus. 

In  plateis  huius  urbis, 

Soeiatus  piis  turbis,  200 

Cum  Moyse  et  Elia, 

Pium  cantem  Allelirya.     Ameiio 


XXII. 

ABAELARDUS 


I.    DIXIT    AUTEM    DECS  :    FIANT    LUMINARIA    IN 
FIRMAMENTO    COELI. 

Gen.  i.  14. 

Grnarunt  terrain  germina, 
Nunc  coelum  luminaria: 
Sole,  luna,  stellis  depingitur, 
Quorum  multus  usus  cogiioscitur. 

5  Ilaec  quaque  parte  condita 

Sursmn,  homo,  considera : 
Esse  tuam  et  coeli  regio 
Se  fatetur  liorum  servitio. 

Sole  calet  in  liieme, 
10  Qui  caret  ignis  munere ; 

Pro  nocturnae  lucernae  gratia 
Pauper  habet  lunam  et  sidera, 

Stratis  dives  eburneis, 
Pauper  jacet  gramineis; 
15  I  line  avium  oblectant  cantiea, 

Inde  florum  spiral  fragrantia. 


ABAELARDUS.  Ill 

Impensis,  dives,  nimiis 

Domum  casuram  constrms ; 

Falso  sole  pingis  testudinem, 

Falsis  stellis  in  coeli  speciem.  20 

In  vera  coeli  camera 
Pauper  jacet  pulcherrima ; 
Vero  sole,  veris  sideribus 
Istam  illi  depinxit  Domimis. 

Opus  magis  eximium  25 

Est  naturae  quam  hominum  ; 
Quod  nee  labor  nee  sumptus  praeparat, 
Nee  vetustas  solvendo  dissipat. 

Ministrat  homo  diviti, 

Angelas  antera  pauperi,  30 

Ut  bine  quoque  constet  coelestia 
Quam  sint  nobis  a  Deo  subclita. 


II.    IN    ANNUNTIATIONE    B.  V.  MARIAE. 

Mittit  ad  virginem 

ISTon  quern  vis  angel  um, 

Sed  Fortitudinem, 

Sun m  arcliangelum, 

Amator  hominis.  5 

Fortem  expediat 

Pro  nobis  nuntium, 

Naturae  faciat 

Ut  praeiudicium 

In  partu  virginis.  10 


112  ABAELARDUS. 

Naturara  superat 
Natus  rex  gloriae, 
Pegu  at  et  imperat 
Et  zyma  scoriae 
15  Tollit  de  medio. 

Superbientium 

Terat  fastigia, 
Colla  sublimium 
Calcet  vi  propria, 
20  Potens  in  proelio. 

Foras  ejiciat 
Mundanum  principem; 
Matremque  faciat 
Secum  participem 
25  Patris  imperii. 

Exi,  qui  mitteris, 
Haec  dona  dicere, 
Revela  veteris 
Velamen  literae 
30  Virtute  nuntii. 

Accede,  nuntia, 
Die  "Ave"  com  in  us, 
Die  "plena  gratia," 
Die  "  tecum  Dominus," 
35  Et  die  "ne  timeas!" 

Virgo  suscipias 
Dei  depositum, 
In  quo  perficias 
Casta  propositum 
40  Et  votnm  teneas. 


ABAELARDUS.  113 

Audit  et  suscipit 

Puella  nimtium, 

Credit  et  concipit 

Et  parit  filium, 

Sed  admirabilem ;  45 

Consiliarium 

Humani  generis, 

Deum  et  hominem 

Et  patrem  posteris, 

In  pace  stabilem;  50 

Qui  nobis  tribnat 

Peccati  veniam, 

Eeatus  diluat, 

Et  donet  patriam 

In  arce  sidenun.  55 


XXIII. 

BEMARDUS   CLARAYALLENSIS. 


I.    DE    PASSIOXE    DOMINI. 

Salve,  mundi  salutare, 
Salve  salve,  Iesu  care, 
Cruci  tuae  me  aptare 
Vellem  vere,  tu  seis  quare, 
5  Da  milii  tui  copiam. 

Ac  si  praesens  sis,  accedo, 
Immo  to  praesentera  credo ; 
O  quam  mnridum  hie  te  cerno! 
Ecce  !   tibi  me  prosterno, 
10  Sis  facilis  ad  veniam. 


Clavos  pedum,  plagas  dnras, 
Et  tarn  graves  impressuras 
Oircumplector  cum  affectu, 
Tuo  pavens  in  aspectn, 

15  Meorum  raemor  vulnemm. 

Grates  tantae  caritati 
Nos  agamus  vulnerati ; 
()  amator  peccatoram, 
Keparator  constratorum 

20  <)  dulcis  pater  pauperum  I 


BERNARDUS    CLARAVALLEXSIS.  115 

Quidquid  est  in  me  confractum, 
Dissipatum  ant  distractum, 
Dulcis  Iesu,  totum  sana, 
Tu  restaura,  tu  eomplana 

Tarn  pio  medicamine.  25 

Te  in  ttia  cruce  quaero, 
Prout  queo,  corde  mero, 
Me  sanabis  hie,  ut  spero, 
Sana  me  et  sanus  ero 

In  tuo  lavans  sanguine.  30 

Plagas  tuas  rubicundas 
Et  fixuras  tain  profundas 
Cordi  meo  fac  inscribi, 
Ut  configar  totns  tibi 

Te  modis  amans  omnibus.  35 

Quisquis  hue  ad  te  accessit 
Et  lios  pedes  corde  pressit 
Aeger,  sanus  hinc  abscessit, 
Hie  relinquens  quidquid  gessit, 

Dans  osculum  vulneribus.  40 

Coram  eruce  procumbentem, 
Hosque  pedes  complectentem, 
Iesu  bone,  me  ne  spernas, 
Sed  de  cruce  sancta  cernas 

Compassionis  gratia.  45 

In  hac  cruce  stans  directe 
Vide  me,  O  mi  dileete, 
Ad  te  totum  me  converte: 
"Esto  sanus,"  die  aperte, 

"Dimitto  tibi  omnia."  50 


110         BERNARDUS  CLARAVALLENSIS. 


II.  AD  FACIEM. 

Salve,  caput  cruentatum, 
Totum  spinis  coronatum, 
Conquassatum,  vulneratum, 
Arundine  sic  verberatnm, 
5  Facie  sputis  illita. 

Salve,  cuius  dulcis  vultus, 
Immutatus  et  incultus, 
Immutavit  suum  florem, 
Totus  versus  in  pallorem, 
10  Quern  coeli  tremit  curia. 

Omnis  vigor  atque  viror 
Hinc  recessit,  non  admiror, 
Mors  apparet  in  aspectu, 
Totus  pendens  in  defectu, 

15  Attritus  aegra  macie. 

Sic  affectus,  sic  despectus, 
Propter  me  sic  interfectus5 
Peccatori  tarn  indigno 
Cum  amoris  intersigno 

20       *  Appare  clara  facie. 

In  liac  tua  passione 
Me  agnosee,  pastor  bone, 
Cuius  sumpsi  mel  ex  ore, 
Ilaustum  lactis  ex  did  core 
25  Prae  omnibus  deliciis. 

Non  me  renin  asperneris. 
Nee  indicium  dedigneris. 


BERNARDUS  CLARAVALLENSIS.         117 

Morte  tibi  iam  vicina 
Tuum  caput  hie  acclina, 

In  meis  pausa  brachiis.  30 

Tuae  sanctae  passioni 
Me  gauderein  interponi, 
In  liae  cruee  tecum  mori 
Praesta  crucis  amatori, 

Sub  eruce  tua  moriar.  35 

Morti  tuae  tain  amarae 
Grates  ago,  Iesu  care, 
Qui  es  clemens,  pie  Deus, 
Fac  quod  petit  tuus  reus, 

Ut  absque  te  non  finiar.  40 

Dam  me  mori  est  necesse, 
Noli  mihi  tunc  deesse ; 
In  tremenda  mortis  bora 
Veni,  Iesu,  absque  mora, 

Tuere  me  et  libera.  45 

Quum  me  iubes  emigrare, 
Iesu  care,  tunc  appare ; 
O  amator  amplectende, 
Temetipsum  tunc  ostende 

In  cruce  salutifera.  50 


III.    AD    COR. 

Sum  mi  regis  cor,  a  veto, 
Te  saluto  corde  laeto, 
Te  complecti  me  delectat 
Et  hoc  meum  cor  affectat, 
Ut  ad  te  loquar,  animes. 


US  BERNARDUS    CLARAVALLEN8IS. 

Quo  amore  vincebaris, 
Quo  dolore  torquebaris, 
Cum  te  totum  exhaurires, 
Ut  te  nobis  iinpertires 
10  Et  nos  a  morte  tolleres? 

O  mors  ilia,  quam  amara, 
Quam  immitis,  quam  avara, 

Quae  per  cellam  introivit, 
In  qua  niuiidl  vita  vivit, 

15  Te  mordens,  cor  dulcissimum,, 

Propter  mortem,  quam  tulisti, 
Quando  pro  me  defeeisti, 
Cordis  mei  cor  dilectum, 
In  te  meum  fer  affectum. 

20  Hoc  est  quod  opto  plurimum.. 

O  cor  dulce,  praedilectum, 
Munda  cor  meum  illeetum 
Et  in  vanis  induratum, 
Pium  fac  et  timoratum, 

25  Pepulso  tetro  frigore. 

Per  medullam  cordis  mei 
Peccatoris  atque  rei 
Tuus  amor  transferatur, 
Quo  cor  totum  rapiatur 

30  Lanirucns  amoris  vulnere. 

Dilatare,  aperire, 

Tamquam  rosa  fragrans  mire, 
( !ordi  mep  te  conitrage, 
[Jnge  illud  et  corapunge, 
35  Qui   amat  te  quid  patitlir? 


BKRNARDTTS    CLARAVALLENSIS.  119 

Quidnam  agat,  nescit  vere, 

Kec  se  valet  cohibere, 
Kullum  mod u in  dat  amori, 
Multa  morte  vellet  mori, 

Amore  quisquis  vincitur.  40 

Viva  cordis  voce  clamo, 
Dulce  cor,  te  namque  amo. 
Ad  cor  meuni  inclinare, 
Ut  se  possit  applicare 

Devoto  tibi  pectore.  45 

Tuo  vivat  in  amore, 
Nee  dormitet  in  torpore, 
Ad  te  oret,  ad  te  ploret, 
Te  adoret,  te  honoret, 

Te  fruens  omni  tempore.  50 


IV.    V  ANITAS    MUNDI. 

Quum  sit  omnis  homo  foenum, 
Et  post  foenum  fiat  coenum, 

Ut  quid,  homo,  extolleris  ? 
Cerne  quid  es  et  quid  eris : 
Modo  flos  es,  et  verteris  5 

In  favillam  cineris. 

Per  aetatum  incrementa, 

Immo  magis  detrimenta, 

Ad  non-esse  traheris. 
Velut  umbra,  quum  declinat,  10 

Vita  surgit  et  festinat, 

Claadit  meta  funeris. 


120         BKBNARDUS  CLARAVALLENSIS. 

Homo  dictus  es  ab  hurao; 
Cito  transis,  quia  fumo 
i5  Similis  efficeris. 

Nuiiquam  in  eodern  statu 
Permaues,  dum  sub  rotatu 
Huius  vitae  volveris. 

O  sors  gravis,  o  sors  dura, 
20  O  lex  dira,  quam  natura 

Promulgavit  miseris! 

Homo  nascens  cum  mocrorc 
Vitam  ducis  cum  labore 
Et  cum  metu  moreris. 

25  Ergo  si  scis  qualitatem 

Tuae  sortis,  voluptatem 

Carnis  quare  sequeris? 
Memento,  te  moriturum 
Et  post  mortem  id  messurum, 

30  •  Quod  hie  seminaveris. 

Terrain  teris,  terrain  geris, 
Et  in  terrain  reverteris, 

Qui  de  terra  sumeris. 
Cerne  quid  es  et  quid  eriss 
35  Modo  flos  es,  et  verteris 

In  favillam  cineris. 


BERNARDUS    CLARAVALLENSIS.  121 


V.    CONTEMPTIO    VANITATIS    MUNDI. 

O  miranda  vanitas! 
O  divitiarum 

Amor  lamentabilis ! 

O  virus  amarum ! 

Cur  tot  viros  inficis  5 

Faciendo  carum 

Quod  pertransit  citius 

Quara  flamraa  stupparum. 

Homo  miser,  cogita: 

Mors  omnes  compescit,  10 

Quis  est  ab  initio 

Qui  morti  non  cessit  ? 

Quando  moriturus  est, 

Omnis  homo  nescit, 

Hie,  qui  vivit  hodie,  15 

Cras  forte  putrescit. 

Dum  de  morte  cogito, 
Contristor  et  ploro, 
Verum  est,  quod  moriar 
Et  tempus  ignoro.  20 

ITltimum,  quod  nescio 
Cui  iungar  chore ; 
Et  cum  Sanctis  merear 
Iungi,  Deum  oro ! 
#F 


122         BERNARDUS  CLARAVALLENSIS. 


VI.  I)E  NOMINE  IESL'. 

Iesu  dulcis  memoria 
Dans  vera  cordis  gaudia, 
Sed  super  mel  et  omnia 
Eius  dulcis  praesentia. 

5  Nil  canitur  suavius, 

Auditur  nil  iucundius, 
Nil  cogitatur  dulcius, 
Quam  Iesus,  Dei  Alius. 

Iesu,  spes  poenitentibus, 
10  Quam  pi  us  es  petentibus, 

Quam  bonus  te  quaerentibus, 
Sed  quid  invenientibus? 

Iesu,  dulcedo  cordium, 
Fons  virus,  lumen  raentium, 
15  Excedens  omne  gaudium, 

Et  omne  desiderium. 

Nee  lingua  valet  dicere. 
Nee  litera  exprimere, 
Expertus  potest  credere, 
20  Quid  sit  Iesum  diligere. 


Cum  Maria  diluculo, 
Iesum  quaeram  in  tumulo, 
Cordis  clamore  querulo 
Mente  quaeram,  non  oculo. 


BERNARDUS  CLARAVALLENSIS.         123 

Iesu,  rex  admirabilis  25 

Et  triumphator  nobilis, 
Duleedo  ineffabilis, 
Totus  desiderabilis. 

Qnando  cor  nostrum  visitas, 
Tunc  lucet  ei  Veritas,  30 

Mundi  vilescit  vanitas, 
Et  intus  fervet  caritas. 

Mane  nobiscum,  Domine, 
Et  nos  illustra  lumine, 
Pulsa  noctis  caligine  3o 

Mundum  replens  dulcedine. 

Hoc  probat  tua  passio, 
Hoc  sanguinis  effusio, 
Per  quani  nobis  redemptio 
Datur  Deique  visio.  40 

Qui  te  gustant,  esuriunt, 
Qui  bibunt,  adhuc  sitiunt, 
Desiderare  nesciunt 
Nisi  Iesum,  quem  diligunt. 

Quern  tuus  amor  ebriat,  45 

Novit  quid  lesus  sapiat; 
Quam  felix  est  quem  satiat! 
Non  est  ultra  quod  cupiat. 

Iesu,  decus  angelicum, 
In  aure  dulce  canticum,  50 

In  ore  mel  mirificum, 
In  corde  nectar  coelicum. 


12-i  BERNARDUS    CLARAYALLENSIS. 

Iesu  quaerara  in  leetulo, 
Clauso  cordis  cubiculo, 
55  Privatim  et  in  publico 

Quaeram  amore  sedulo. 

Quocunqiie  loco  fuero, 
Mecum  Iesum  desidero ! 
Quam  laetus3  cum  invenero, 
GO  Quam  felix,  cum  tenuero  ! 

Desidero  te  millies, 
Mi  Iesu,  quando  venies, 
Me  laetum  quando  facies 
Ut  vultu  tuo  saties? 

65  O  Iesu,  mi  dulcissime, 

Spes  suspirantis  animae, 
Te  quaerunt  piae  lacrimae? 
Te  clamor  mentis  intimae. 

Veni,  veni,  Rex  optime, 
70  Pater  immensae  gloriae, 

Affulge  menti  clarius 
lam  expectatus  saepius. 

Tu  fons  misericordiae, 
Tu  verae  lumen  patriae, 
75  Pelle  nubem  tristitiae 

Dans  nobis  lucem  gloriae. 

Dilecte  mi,  revertere 
Consors  paternae  dextcrae, 
Ilostcm  vicisti  prospere, 
b()  Jam  coeli  regno  fruere. 


BERNARDUS  CLARAVALLENSIS.         125 

Te  coeli  chorus  praedicat, 
Et  tuas  laudes  replicat, 
Iesus  orbem  laetificat, 
Et  lios  Deo  paeificat. 

Iesus  ad  patrem  rediit,  85 

Coeleste  regnuni  subiit, 
Cor  meum  a  me  transiit, 
Post  Iesum  simul  abiit. 

Iesum  sequamur  laudibus. 
Votis,  hymnis  et  precibns,  90 

Ut  nos  donet  eoelestibus 
Secum  perfrui  sedibus. 

Coeli  cives !   occurrite, 
Portas  vestras  attollite, 
Triumphatori  dicite :  95 

Ave  Iesu,  rex  inclyte! 


XXIV. 
BERNARDUS    CLUNIACENSIS 


I.    IIORA    NOVISSIMA. 

Ilora  novissima,  tempora  pessima  sunt,  vigilemus. 
Ecce  minaciter  imminet  arbiter  ille  supremus. 
Imminet,  imminet  ut  mala  terminet,  aequa  coronet, 
Recta  renmneret,  anxia  liberet,  aethera  doner, 
5  Auferat  aspera  duraque  pondera  mentis  onustae, 
Sobria  muniat,  improba  puniat,  ntraque  juste. 


II.    LAUS    PATRIAE    COELESTIS. 

Ilic  breve  vivitur,  liic  breve   plangitur,  hie  breve 

fletur ; 
Non  breve  vivere,  non  breve  plangere  vetribuetur; 
()  retributio !  stat  brevis  actio,  vita  perennis; 
O  retributio !  coelica  mansio  stat  lue  plenis; 
5  Quid   datur  et   quibus?  aetlier  egentibus   et  cruce 

dignis, 
Sidera  vermibus,  optima  sontibus,  astra  malignis. 
Sunt    modo    praelia,   postmodo    praemia;    qualia? 

plena; 
Plena  refectio,  nullaque  passio,  nullaque  poena. 


BEItNARDUS    CLUNIACENSIS.  127 

Spe  modo  vivitur,  et  Syon  angitur  a  Babylone ; 

Is  unc  tribulatio ;  tunc  recreatio,  sceptra,  coronae ;       l(i 

Tunc  nova  gloria  pectora  sobria  clarificabit, 

Solvet  enigmata,  veraque  sabbata  continuabit. 

Liber  et  liostibus,  et  dominantibus  ibit  Hebraeus ; 

Liber  habebitur  et  celebrabitur  Line  iubilaeus. 

Patria  In  minis,  inscia  turbinis,  inscia  litis,  15 

Give  replebitur,  amplificabitur  Israelitis : 

Patria  splendida,  terraque  florida,  libera  spinis, 

Danda  lidelibus  est  ibi  civibus,  hie  peregrinis. 

Tunc  erit  omnibus  inspicientibus  ora  tonantis 

Summa  potentia,  plena  scientia,  pax  pia  Sanctis  ;         20 

Pax  sine  crimine,  pax  sine  turbine,  pax  sine  rixa, 

Meta  laboribus,  atque  tumultibus  anchora  fixa. 

Pars  mea  Rex  mens,  in  proprio  Deus  ipse  decore 

Visus  amabitur,  atque  videbitur  Auctor  in  ore. 

Tunc  Iacob  Israel,  et  Lia  tunc  Rachel  efficietur,         25 

Tunc  Syon  atria  pulcraque  patria  perfieietur. 

O  bona  patria,  lumina  sobria  te  speculantur, 
Ad  tua  nomina  sobria  lumina  collacrimantur : 
Est  tua  rnentio  pectoris  unctio,  cura  doloris, 
Concipientibus  aetliera  mentibiis  ignis  amoris.  30 

Tu  locus  unicus,  illeque  coelicus  es  paridisus, 
Xon  ibi  lacrima,  sed  placidissima  gaudia,  risus. 
Est  ibi  consita  laurus,  et  insita  cedrus  hysopo ; 
Sunt  radiantia  iaspide  moenia,  clara  pyropo : 
Hinc  tibi  sardius,  inde  topazius,  hinc  amethystus ;       35 
Est  tua  fabrica  concio  coelica,  gemmaque  Christus. 
Tu  sine  littore,  tu  sine  tempore,  fons,  modo  rivus, 
Dulce  bonis  sapis,  estque  tibi  lapis  undique  vivus. 
Est  tibi  laurea,  dos  datur  aurea,  Sponsa  decora, 
Primaque  Principis  oscula  suscipis,  inspicis  ora:         40 


128  BERNARDUS    CLUNIACENSIS. 

Candida  lilia,  viva  monilia  sunt  tibi,  Sponsa, 
Agnus  adest  tibi,  Sponsus  adest  tibi,  lux  speciosa . 
Tota  negotia,  cantica  dulcia  dulce  tonare, 
Tain  mala  debita,  quam  bona  praebita  eoniubilare. 

45      Urbs  Syon  aurea,  patria  lactea,  cive  decora, 
Omne  cor  obruis,  omnibus  obstruis  et  cor  et  ora. 
Xescio,  nescio,  quae  iubilatio,  lux  tibi  qualis, 
Quam  socialia  gaudia,  gloria  quam  specialis : 
Laude  studens  ea  tollere,  mens  mea  victa  fatiscit : 

50  O  bona  gloria,  vincor ;  in  omnia  laus  tua  vicit. 
Sunt  Syon  atria  coniubilantia,  martyre  plena, 
Cive  micantia,  Principe  stantia,  luce  serena: 
Est  ibi  pascua  mitibus  afflua  praestita  Sanctis, 
Regis  ibi  thronus,  agminis  et  sonus  est  epulantis. 

55  Gens  duce  splendida,  concio  Candida  vestibus  albis 
Sunt  sine  fletibus  in  Syon  aedibus,  aedibus  almis; 
Sunt  sine  crimine,  sunt  sine  turbine,  sunt  sine  lite 
In  Syon  aedibus  editioribus  Israelitae. 
Urbs  Syon  inclyta,  gloria  debita  glorificandis, 

60  Tu  bona  visibus  interioribus  intima  pandis : 
Intima  lumina,  mentis  acumina  te  speculantur, 
Pectora  flammea  spe  modo,  postea  sorte  lucrantur. 
Urbs  Syon  unica,  inansio  mystica,  condita  coelo, 
Nunc  tibi  gaudeo,  nunc  milii  lugeo,  tristor,  anhelo : 

65  Te  quia  corpore  non  queo,  pectore  saepe  penetro, 
Sed  caro  terrea,  terraque  carnea,  mox  cado  retro. 
Nemo  retexere,  nemoque  promere  sustinet  ore, 
C^uo  tua  moenia,  quo  capitalia  plena  decore; 
Opprimit  omne  cor  ille  tuus  decor,  O  Syon,  O  pax, 

70  Urbs  sine  tempore, nulla  potest  fore  laus  tibi  mendax; 
0  sine  luxibus,  O  sine  luctibus,  O  sine  lite 
Splendida  curia,  florida  patria,  patria  vitae  ! 


BERNARDUS    CLUNIACENSIS.  129 

Urbs  Syon  inclyta,  turns  et  cdita  littore  tuto, 
Te  peto,  te  colo,  te  flagro,  te  volo,  canto,  saluto  ; 
Nee  meritis  peto,  nam  mentis  meto  raorte  peri  re,       75 
Nee  reticens  tego,  quod  meritis  ego  filius  irae : 
Vita  quidem  mea,  vita  nimis  rea,  mortua  vita, 
Quippe  reatibus  exitialibus  obruta,  trita. 
Spe  tamen  ambulo,  praemia  postulo  speque  fideque, 
Ilia  perennia  postulo  praemia  nocte  dieque.  80 

Me  Pater  optimus  atque  piissimus  ille  creavit; 
In  lue  pertulit,  ex  lne  sustulit,  a  lue  lavit. 
Gratia  coelica  sustinet  unica  totius  orbis 
Parcere  sordibus,  interioribus  unctio  morbis  ; 
Diluit  omnia  coelica  gratia,  fons  David  undans  85 

Omnia  diluit,  omnibus  affluit,  omnia  mnndans; 
O  pia  gratia,  celsa  palatia  cernere  praesta, 
Ut  videam  bona,  festaque  consona,  coelica  festa. 
()  mea,  spes  mea,  tu  Syon  aurea,  clarior  auro, 
Agmine  splendida,  stans  duce,  florida  perpete  lauro,  90 
O  bona  patria,  niim  tua  gaudia  teque  videbo  ? 
O  bona  patria,  mini  tua  praemia  plena  tenebo  ? 
Die  mihi,  flagito,  verbaque  reddito,  dieque, Yidebis : 
Spem  solidam  gero ;   remne  tenens  ero  ?   die,  Eeti- 

nebis. 
O  sacer,  O  pi  us,  O  ter  et  amplius  ille  beatus,  95 

Cui  sua  pars  Deus :  O  miser,  O  reus,  liac  viduatus. 

F2 


XXV. 
PETRUS  VENERABILIS 


I.    IN    RESUERECTIONE    DOMINI. 

Mortis  portis  fractis,  fortis 
Fortior  vim  sustulit; 
Et  per  crucem  regera  trucem 
Infernorum  perculit. 
5  Lumen  clarum  tenebrarum 

Sedibus  resplendiiit ; 
Dum  salvare,  recreare, 
Quod  creavit,  voluit. 
Hinc  Creator,  ne  peccator 

10  Moreretur,  moritur ; 

Cuius  morte  nova  sorte 
Vita  nobis  oritur. 
Inde  Satan  victus  geinit, 
Uncle  victor  nos  redemit; 

15  Illud  ill!  fit  letale, 

Quod  est  homini  vitale, 
Qui,  dum  captat,  capitur, 
Et,  dum  mactatj  moritur. 


PETRI'S    VEXERAPILIS.  131 

Sic  decenter,  sic  potenter 

Rex  devincens  inferos,  20 

Linquens  ima  die  prima, 

Rediit  ad  superos. 

Eesurrexit,  et  revexit 

Secum  Deus  hominem, 

Reparando  quatn  creando  25 

Dederat  originem. 

Per  Auctoris  passionem 

Ad  amissam  regionem 

Primus  redit  nunc  colonus: 

Unde  laetus  lit  hie  sonus.  30 


II.    IN   RESURRECTIONS    DOMINI. 

Gaude,  mortalitas, 

Redit  aeternitas, 

Qua  reparaberis ; 

Quidquid  de  funere 

Soles  metuere  5 

lam  ne  timueris. 

Dat  certitudinem 

Vita  per  hominem 

Et  Deum  reddita, 

Quam  in  se  pertulit  10 

Ac  tibi  contnlit 

Morte  deposita. 


O  nova  dignitas ! 
Dat  locum  Deitas 


132  PETRI'S    VENERABILIS. 

15  Humano  pulveri ; 

Nullum  se  praeferet 
Opus  vel  conferet 
Huic  tanto  open. 

Limns  calcabilis, 
20  Nunc  adorabilis 

Super  coelestia, 
Summis  virtutibus 
Contremiscentibus ; 
Gubernat  omnia. 

25  Quod  in  principio 

Pravo  consilio 
Perverse  voluit, 
Nunc  per  iustitiam, 
Non  per  superbiam 

30  Adam  obtinuit. 

Deus,  dum  tumuit, 
Esse  non  potuit, 
Quod  concupierat, 
Factus  et  humilis, 
35  Fit  Deo  similis 

Et  coelis  imperat. 

Hie,  umbris  horrida, 
Hie,  flammis  torrida 
Sedes  quern  liability 
40  Per  Dei  Filium 

Paternum  solium 
Tenere  meruit. 


PETRUS    YENERABILIS.  133 

Antiqui  gemitus, 

Cessate  funditus, 

Nox  est  miseriae  45 

lam  locus  penitus, 

Nam  tempus  coelitus 

Advenit  gratiae. 


XXVI. 
ADAM  DE   SC.  VICTORE 


I.    IN    NATIVITATE    DOMINI. 

Potestate,  iioii  natura 
Fit  Creator  creatura, 
Reportetur  ut  factura 

Factoris  in  gloria. 
5  Praedicatus  per  proplietas, 

Qnem  non  capit  locus,  aetas, 
Nostrae  sortis  intrat  metas, 

Non  relinquens  propria. 

Coelum  terris  inclinatur, 
10  Homo-Dens  adunatur, 

Adunato  famulatur 
Coelestis  familia. 
Eex  saeerdos  consecratur 
Generalis,  quod  monstratur 
15  Cum  pax  terris  nuntiatur 

Et  in  altis  gloria. 

Causam  quaeris,  niodum  rei? 
Causa  prius  omnes  rei, 
Modus  iustum  velle  Dei, 
20  Sed  eonditum  gratia. 


ADAM    DE    SC.  VICTORE.  135 

O  quam  dulee  condimentum, 
Nobis  mutans  in  pigmentum 
Cum  aceto  fel  cruentum, 
Degustante  Messia ! 

O  salubre  sacramentum,  25 

Quod  nos  ponit  in  iumentum, 
Plagis  nostris  dans  unguentum, 

Ille  de  Samaria. 
Ille  alter  Elisaeus, 

Reputatus  Homo  reus,  30 

Suscitavit  homo-Dens 

Sunamitis  puerum. 

Hie  est  gigas  currens  fortis, 

Qui,  destructa  lege  mortis, 

Ad  amoena  primae  sortis  35 

Ovem  fert  in  humerum. 
Vivit,  regnat  Deus-homo, 
Trahens  Oreo  lapsum  porno ; 
Coelo  tractus  gaudet  liomo, 

Denum  eomplens  numerum.  40 


II.    DE    RESCRRECTIONE    DOMINI. 

Mundi  renovatio 
Nova  parit  gandia, 
Resurgenti  Domino 
Conresurgunt  omnia. 
Elementa  serviunt, 
Et  auetoris  sentiunt 
Quanta  shit  solemnia. 


136  ADAM    DE    SC.  VICTORE. 

Ignis  volat  mobilis, 
Et  aer  volubilis, 
10  Fluit  aqua  labilis, 

Terra  manet  stabilis, 
Alta  petunt  levia. 
Centrum  tenent  gravia, 
Renovantur  omnia,. 

15  Coeliim  lit  serenius, 

Et  mare  tranquillius, 
Spirat  aura  levins, 
Vallis  nostra  floruit; 
Revireseunt  arida, 

20  Recalescunt  frigida, 

Quia  ver  intepuit. 

Gelu  mortis  solvitur, 
Princeps  mundi  tollitur? 
Et  eius  destruitur 
25  In  nobis  imperium; 

Dum  tenere  voluit 
In  quo  nihil  habuit, 
Ius  amisit  proprium. 

Vita  mortem  superat, 
30  Homo  iam  recuperat 

Quod  prius  amiserat, 
Paradisi  gaudium. 
Viam  praebet  facilem 
Cherubim  versatilem 
35  Amovendo  gladium. 


ADAM   DE    SC.  VICT0RE.  137 

in.    DE    SPIRITU    SANCTO. 

Vein",  Creator  Spiritus, 

Spiritus  recreator, 

Tu  dans,  tu  datus  coehtus, 

Tu  donuin,  tu  donator; 

Tu  lex,  tu  digitus,  5 

Alens  et  alitus, 

Spiraus  et  spiritus, 

Spiratus  et  spirator. 

Tu  septiformis  gratiae 

Dans  septiforme  donum,  10 

Yirtutis  septifariae, 

Septem  petitioiram. 

Tu  nix  non  defluens, 

Ignis  non  destruens, 

Pugil  non  metuens,  15 

Propinator  sermonum. 

Ergo  accende  sensibus, 

Tu,  te,  lumen  et  flamen, 

Tu  te  inspira  cordibus, 

Qui  es  vitae  spiramen.  20 

Tu  sol,  tu  radius, 

Mittens  et  nuncius, 

Persona  tertius, 

Salva  nos.     Amen.     Amen. 


138  ADAM    DE    SC.  VICTORE. 


IV.    HYMNUS    IN    FESTE    PENTECOSTEo 

Qui  procedis  ab  utroque, 
Genitore  Genitoque 

Pariter,  Paraclite ! 
Redde  linguas  eloquentes, 
5  Fac  ferventes  in  te  mentes 

Flamma  tua  divite. 

Ainor  Patris  Filiique, 
Par  amborum,  et  utrique 

Coinpar  et  consimilis: 
10  Cuncta  reples,  cuncta  foves, 

Astra  regis,  coelum  moves, 

Permanens  immobilis. 

Lumen  clarum,  lumen  carum, 
Internarum  tenebrarum 
15  Effugas  caliginem. 

Per  te  mundi  sunt  mundati ; 
Tu  peccatum  et  peccati 
Destruis  rubiginem. 

Veritatem  notam  facis, 
20  Et  ostendis  viam  paeis 

Et  iter  iustitiae ; 
Perversorum  corda  vitas, 
Sed  bonorum  corda  ditas 
Munere  scientiae. 

25  Te  docente  nil  obscurum, 

Te  praesente  nil  impurnm, 

Sub  tua  praesentia 


ADAM    DE    SC.  VICT0RE. 


139 


Gloriatur  mens  iucnnda, 
Per  le  laeta,  per  te  munda 

Gaudet  conscientia.  30 

Quando  vein's,  corda  lenis, 
•Quando  subis,  atrae  nubis 

Effugit  obscuritas; 
Sacer  ignis,  pectus  ignis 
Non  comburis,  sed  a  cnris  35 

Purgas,  quando  visitas. 

Hentes  prius  imperitas 
Et  sopitas  et  oblitas 

Erudis  et  excitas ; 
Foves  linguas,  formas  sonum,  40 

Cor  ad  bonura  facit  pronum 

A  te  data  caritas. 

O  jnvamen  oppressorum, 
O  solamen  miseroram, 

Panperum  refugium,  45 

Da  contemptum  terrenorum, 
Ad  amorera  supernorum 
Trahe  desideriura. 

Consolator  et  fundator, 

Habitator  et  amator  50 

Cordium  hnmilinm, 
Pelle  mala,  terge  sordes, 
Et  discordes  fac  Concordes, 

Et  affer  praesidium. 


140  ADAM    DE    SC.  VICTORE. 

55  Tu,  qui  quondam  visitastL, 

Docuistij  confortasti 

Timentes  discipulus, 
Visitare  nos  digneris, 
Xos,  si  placet,  consoleris, 

GO  Et  credentes  populos! 

Par  maiestas  personarum, 
Par  potestas  est  earum, 
Et  communis  Deitas. 
Tu  procedens  a  duobus, 
65  Coaequalis  es  ambobus, 

In  nullo  disparitas. 

Quia  tantus  es  et  talis 
Quantus  Pater  est  et  qualis3 

Servorum  humilitas 
70  Deo  Patri,  Filioque 

Redemptori,  tibi  quoque 

Laudes  reddat  debitas. 


V.    DE    SS.  EVANGELISTIC. 

Circa  thronum  maiestatis, 
Cum  spiritibus  beatis, 
Quatuor  diversitatis 

Astant  animalia. 
Formam  primnm  aquilinam, 
Et  secundum  leoninam, 
Sed  humanam  et  bovinam 

Duo  gernnt  alia. 


ADAM    DE    SC.  VICT0RE.  141 

Formae  formant  figurarum 

Formas  Evangelistarum,  10 

Quorum  iraber  doctrinarum 

Stillat  in  Ecclesia; 
Hi  sunt  Marcus  et  Matthaeus, 
Lucas,  et  quem  Zebedaeus 
Pater  tibi  misit,  Deus,  15 

Dtim  laxaret  retia. 


Form  am  viri  dant  Matthaeo, 
Quia  scripsit  sic  de  Deo, 
Sicut  descendit  ab  eo, 

Quem  plasmavit,  homine.  20 

Lucas  bos  est  in  figura, 
Ut  praemonstrat  in  Scriptura, 
Hostiarum  tangens  iura 

Legis  sub  velamine. 

Marcus,  leo  per  desertum  25 

Clamans,  rugit  in  apertum, 
Iter  fiat  Deo  cert  urn, 

Mundum  cor  a  crimine. 
Sed  Iohannes,  ala  bina 
Caritatis,  aquilina  30 

Forma  fertur  in  divina 

Puriori  lumine. 

Quatuor  describunt  isti 
Quadriformes  actus  Christ!, 
Et  figurant,  ut  audisti,  35 

Quisque  sua  formula. 


142  ADAM    DE    SC.  VICTORE. 

Natus  homo  declarator, 
Vitulus  saerificatur, 
Leo  mortem  depraedatur, 
40  Et  ascendit  aquila. 

Ecce  forma  bestial  is, 
Quani  scriptura  prophetalis 
Notat;  sed  material  is 

Ilaec  est  impositio. 
45  Currimt  rotis,  volant  alis; 

Inest  sensus  spiritalis; 
Rota  gressus  est  aequalis, 

Ala  contemplatio. 

Paradisus  his  rigatur, 
50  Viret,  floret,  foecundatur, 

His  abundat,  his  laetatur 

Quatuor  fluminibus : 
Fons  est  Christus,  hi  sunt  rivi, 
Fons  est  altus,  hi  proclivi, 
55  Ut  saporem  fontis  vivi 

Ministrent  tidelibus. 

Horum  rivo  debriatis 
Sitis  crescat  caritatis, 
Ut  de  fonte  pietatis 
CO  Satiemur  plenius. 

Horum  trahat  nos  doctrina 
Vitiorum  de  sentina, 
Sicquc  ducat  ad  divina 
Ab  imo  superius. 


ADAM   DE    SC.  VICTORE.  143 


VI.    DE    S.  STEPIIANO. 


Heri  mundus  exultavit, 
Et  exultans  celebravit 

Cliristi  natalitia: 
Heri  chorus  angelorum 
Prosecutus  est  coelorum 

Eeo*em  cum  laetitia. 


r> 


Protomartyr  et  Levita, 
Clarus  fide,  clarus  vita, 

Clarus  et  miraculis, 
Sub  hac  luce  triumphavit,  10 

Et  triumphans  insultavit 

Stephanus  incredulis. 

Fremunt  ergo  tanquam  ferae, 
Quia  victi  defecere 

Lucis  adversarii:  15 

Falsos  testes  statuunt, 
Et  linguas  exacuunt 

Viperarum  filii. 

Agonista,  null!  cede ; 

Certa  certus  de  mercede,  20 

Persevera,  Stephane : 
Insta  falsi s  testibus, 
Confuta  sermonibus 

Synagogam  Satauae. 

Testis  tuus  est  in  coelis,  25 

Testis  verax  et  fidelis, 
Testis  innocentiae. 


144  ADAM    DE    SC.  YICTORE. 

Nomen  liabes  Coronati, 
Te  tormenta  decet  pati 
30  Pro  corona  gloriae. 

Pro  corona  non  marcenti 
Perfer  brevis  vim  tormentL 

Te  manet  victoria. 
Tibi  fiet  mors,  natal  is, 
35  Tibi  poena  terminalis 

Dat  vitae  primordia. 

Plenus  Sancto  Spiritu 
Penetrat  intuitu 

Stephanus  coelestia. 
40  Videns  Dei  gloriam 

Crescit  ad  victoriam, 

Suspirat  ad  praemia. 

En  a  dextris  Dei  stantem 
Iesum,  pro  te  dimicantem^ 
45  Stephane,  considera. 

Tibi  coelos  reserari, 
Tibi  Christum  revelari 
Clama  voce  libera. 

Se  commendat  Salvatori, 
50  Pro  quo  dulce  ducit  mori 

Sub  ipsis  lapidibus. 
Saulus  servat  omnium 
Vestes  lapidantium, 

Lapidans  in  omnibus. 


ADAM    DE    SC.  VICT0RE.  145 

Ne  peccatum  statuatur  55 

His,  a  quibus  lapidatur, 
Genu  ponit  et  precatur, 

Condolens  insaniae : 
In  Christo  sic  obdormivit, 
Qui  Christo  sic  obedivit,  60 

Et  cum  Christo  semper  vivft, 

Marty  rum  primitiae. 


VII.    DE    S.  LAURENTIO. 

Sicut  chorda  musicorum 
Tandem  sonum  dat  sonorum 

Plectri  ministerio, 
Sic  in  chely  tormentorum 
Melos  Christi  confessorum  5 

Martyris  dat  tensio. 

Parum  sapis  vim  sinapis, 

Si  non  tangis,  si  non  f  rangis ; 

Et  plus  fragrat,  quando  flagrat, 

Tus  iniectum  ignibus  :  10 

Sic  arctatus  et  assatus, 
Sub  ardore,  sub  labore, 
Dat  odoreni  pleniorem 

Martyr  de  virtutibus. 

Hunc  ardorem  factum  foris  15 

Putat  rorem  vis  amoris, 
Et  zelus  iustitiae : 
G 


146  ADAM    DE    BC.  VICTORS. 

Ignis  nrens,  non  eomburens, 
A^incit  prnnas,  quas  aduuas, 
20  O  minister  i  in  pie. 


VIII.    IN   DEDICATIONE   ECCLESIAE. 

Quain  dilecta  tabernacla 

Domini  et  atria! 
Qnam  eleeti  architect^ 

Tuta  aedificia, 
5  Quae  non  movent,  immo  fovent, 

Ventns,  rlumen,  pluvial 

Quam  decora  fundamenta, 
Per  concinna  sacramenta 
Umbrae  praecurrentia. 
10  Latus  Adae  dormientis 

Evam  fudit  in  manentis 
Copulae  primordia. 

Area  ligno  fabricata 
Xoe  servat,  gnbernata 
15  Per  inundi   diluvium. 

Prole  sera  tandem  foeta, 
Anus  Sara  ridet  laeta, 

Nostrum  lactans  Gaudinra. 

Servns  bibit  qui  legatur, 
20  Et  eamelns  adaquatur 

Ex  Rebeccac  liydria; 


ADAM    DE    SC.  VICT0RE.  147 

Haec  inaures  et  armillas 

Aptat  sibi,  lit  per  illas 
Viro  tiat  congrua. 

Synagoga  supplantatur  25 

A  Iaeob,  dum  divagatar 

Nimis  freta  literae. 
Lippam  Liam  latent  multa, 
Quibus  videns  Rachel  fulta 

Pari  n ubit  foedere.  30 

In  bivio  tegens  nuda, 
Geminos  parit  ex  Iuda 

Tliamar  din  vidua. 
Ilic  Movses  a  puella, 
Dum  se  la  vat,  in  fiscella  35 

Reperitur  scirpea. 


Ilic  mas  agnus  immolatur, 
Quo  Israel  satiatur 

Tinctus  eius  sanguine. 
Ilic  transitur  rnbens  unda,  40 

Aegyptios  sub  profunda 

Obruens  voragine. 

Hie  est  nrna  manna  plena, 
Ilic  mandate  legis  dena, 

Sed  in  area  foederis ;  45 

Ilic  sunt  aedis  ornamenta, 
Hie  Aaron  indumenta, 

Quae  praecedit  poderis. 


148  ADAM    DE    SC.  VICTORE. 

Ilic  Urias  viduatnr, 
50  Barsabee  sublimatur, 

Sedis  consors  regiae: 
Ilaec  Ilcgi  varietate 
Vestis  astat  deauratae, 
Sicut  regum  liliae. 

55  Hue  venit  Austri  regina, 

Salonionis  quam  divina 

Condit  sapientia; 
Ilaec  est  nigra,  sed  formosa; 
Myrrhae  et  turis  fuinosa 

60  Yirga  pigmentaria. 

Ilaec  futura,  quae  figura 
Obumbravit,  reseravit 
Nobis  dies  gratiae; 
lam  in  lecto  cum  dilecto 
65  Quiescamus,  et  psallamiiSj, 

Adsunt  enirn  nuptiae: 

Quarum  tonat  initium 
In  tubis  epulatitium, 
Et  finis  per  psalterinm. 
70  Sponsum  millena  milia 

Una  laudant  melodia, 
Sine  fine  dicentia, 
Alleluia.     Ainen. 


XXVII. 

ALANUS    INSULANUS 


I.    DE    NATURA    HOMINIS. 

Omnis  mundi  ereatura 
Quasi  liber  et  pictura 

Nobis  est,  et  speculum; 
Nostrae  vitae,  nostrae  mortis, 
Nostri  status,  nostrae  sortis  5 

Fidele  signaculum. 

Nostrum  statu m  pingit  rosa, 
Nostri  status  decens  glosa, 

Nostrae  vitae  lectio, 
Quae  dura  prirao  mane  floret,  10 

Defloratus  flos  effloret 

Vespertino  senio. 

Ergo  spiralis  flos  expirat, 
In  pallorem  dura  delirat, 

Oriendo  moriens.  15 

Sira.nl  vetus  et  novella, 
Simul  senex  et  puella, 

Rosa  raarcet  oriens. 


150  ALAN  US   IN8ULANU8. 

Sic  aetatis  ver  humanae 
20  Iuventutis  priino  mane 

Reflorescit  paululura. 
Mane  tamen  hoc  excludit 
Vitae  vesper,  dum  concludit 

Vitale  crepusculum. 

25  Cuius  decor  dum  perorat, 

Eius  decus  mox  deflorat 
Aetas,  in  qua  defluit. 
Fit  flos  foenum,  gemma  lutum, 
Homo  cinis,  dum  tributum 

30  Homo  morti  tribuit. 

Cuius  vita,  cuius  esse 
Poena,  labor,  et  necesse 

Vitam  morte  claudere. 
Sic  mors  vitam,  risum  luctus, 
35  Umbra  diem,  portum  fluctus, 

Mane  claudit  vespere. 

In  nos  primum  dat  insult um 
Poena,  mortis  gerens  vultum, 

Labor,  mortis  liistrio: 
40  Nos  proponit  in  laborem, 

Nos  assumit  in  dolorem, 

Mortis  est  conclusio. 

Ergo  clausum  sub  hac  lege 
Statum  tuum,  homo,  lege, 
45  Tuum  esse  respice  ! 


ALANUS    INSULANUS.  151 

Quid  fuisti  nasciturus, 
Quid  sis  praesens,  quid  f  u turns, 
Diligenter  inspice. 

Luge  poenam,  cnlpam  plange, 

Motiis  fraena,  fastnm  frange,  50 

Pone  supercilia. 
Mentis  rector  et  auriga 
Mentem  rege,  fluxus  riga, 

Ne  fluant  in  devia. 


II.    BE    VITA    HOMINIS. 

Vita  nostra  plena  bellis: 
Inter  hostes,  inter  arma 

More  belli  vivitur; 
Nulla  lux  it  absque  pugna, 
Nulla  nox  it  absque  hictu,  5 

Et  salutis  alea. 

Sed  timoris  oninis  expers, 
Stabo  firnius  inter  anna, 

Nee  timebo  vulnera; 
Non  morabor  host  is  iras,  10 

Non  timebo  pnblicasve, 

Callidasve  machinas. 

Ecce !   coeli  lapsus  arcn 
Atque  spissa  nube  tectus 

Rector  ipse  siderum:  15 


152  ALANUS    INSULANU8. 

Contra  saevos  mentis  hostes 
Proelianteni  me  tuetur, 
Bella  pro  me  suscipit. 

Franget  arcus  et  sagittas, 
20  Ignibusque  sempiternis 

Anna  tradet  hostium : 
Ergo  stabo  sine  metu, 
Generose  superabo 

Hostium  saevitiam. 


m.    DE    NATIVITATE    DOMINI. 

Hie  est  qui,  carnis  intrans  ergastnla  no^trae, 
Se  poenae  vinxit,  vinctos  ut  solveret ;   aeger 
Factus,  ut  aegrotos  sanaret ;  pauper,  ut  ipsis 
Pauperibus  conferret  opem ;   def  unctus,  ut  ipsa 
5  Vita  donaret  def unctos ;   exsulis  omen 
Passus,  ut  exilio  miseros  subduceret  exul. 
Sic  livore  perit  livor,  sic  vulnere  vulnus, 
Sic  morbus  damnat  morbum,  mors  morte  fugatur: 
Sic  moritur  vivens,  ut  vivat  mortuus ;  haeres 

lOExulat,  ut  servos  haeredes  reddat;  egenus 
Fit  dives,  pauperque  potens,  ut  ditet  egenos. 
Sic  liber  servit,  ut  servos  liberet ;   imum 
Summa  petunt,  ut  sic  ascendant  infima  summum ; 
Ut  nox  splendescat,  splendor  tenebrescit;  eclipsi 

15  Sol  verus  langnescit,  ut  astra  reducat  ad  ortum. 
Aegrotat  medicus,  ut  sanet  morbidus  aegrnm. 
Se  coelum  terrae  conformat,  cedrus  hysopo. 


ALANUS    INSULANUS.  153 

Ipse  gigas  nano,  fumo  lux,  dives  egeno, 
Aegroto  sauus,  servo  rex,  purpura  saeeo. 
Hie  est,  qui  nostram  sortem  iniseratus,  ab  aula        20 
Aeterni  Patris  egrediens,  fastidia  nostrae 
Sustinuit  sortis;  sine  erimine,  criminis  in  se 
Defigens  poenas,  et  nostri  damna  reatus. 

G2 


XXVIII. 

THOMAS   A   CELANO. 


DIES    IKAE. 

Dies  irae,  dies  ilia 
Solvet  saeclum  in  favilla, 
Teste  David  cum  Sybilla. 

Quantus  tremor  est  futurus, 
5  Quando  index  est  venturus, 

Cuncta  stricte  discussnrus! 

Tuba,  minim  spargens  sonum 
Per  sepulcra  regionum, 
Coget  omnes  ante  thronum. 

10  Mors  stupebit,  et  natura, 

Qnum  resnrget  creatnra 
Iudicanti  responsnra. 


Liber  script  us  prpferetur 
In  quo  totum  continetui 

15  Unde  niundus  iudicetur 


9 


9A\ 


THOMAS    A    CELANO.  155 

Index  ergo  cum  sedebit, 
Quidquid  latet,  apparebit, 
Nil  inultnm  remanebit. 

Quid  sum  miser  tunc  dicturns3 
Quern  patronum  rogatimis, 
Cum  vix  instns  sit  securus? 

Hex  tremendae  raaiestatis, 

Qui  salvandos  salvas  gratis, 
Salva  me,  fons  pietatis! 


Eecordare,  Iesu  pie,  25 

Quod  sum  causa  tuae  viae; 
Ke  me  perdas  ilia  die! 

Quaerens  me  sedisti  lassus, 
Redemisti  crucein  passus : 
Tantus  labor  non  sit  cassus !  30 

Iuste  index  ultionis, 
Donum  fac  remissionis 
Ante  diem  rationis! 

Ingemisco  tanquam  reus, 
Culpa  rubet  vultus  mens :  35 

Supplicant!  parce,  Dens ! 

Qui  Mariam  absolvisti, 
Et  latronem  exaudisti, 
Mihi  quoque  spem  dedistio 


15G  THOMAS    A    CELANO. 

40  Preces  meae  non  sunt  dignae 

Sed  tu  bonus  fac  benigne 
Ise  perenni  cremer  igne. 

Inter  oves  locum  praesta, 
Et  ab  haedis  me  sequestra, 
45  Statuens  in  parte  dextra. 

Confutatis  maledictis, 
Flammis  acribus  addictis, 
Voca  me  cum  benedictis ! 

Oro  supplex  et  acclinis, 
50  Cor  contritum  quasi  cini$? 

Gere  curam  mei  finis ! 


Lacrymosa  dies  ilia, 
Qua  resurget  ex  favilla 
Iudicandus  homo  reus: 
55  Iluic  ergo  parce,  Deus ! 

Pie  Iesu  domine, 
Dona  eos  requie! 
Amen. 


XXIX. 

BONAVENTURA 


I.    DE    SANCTA    CRUCE. 

Recordare  sanctae  crucis, 
Qui  perfectam  viam  ducis 

Delectare  inciter. 
Sanctae  crucis  recordare, 
Et  in  ipsa  meditare  5 

Insatiabiliter. 

Quum  quiescas  aut  laboras, 
Quando  rides,  quando  ploras, 

Doles  sive  gaudeas; 
Quando  vadis,  quando  venis^  10 

In  solatiis,  in  poenis 

Crueem  corde  teneas. 

Crux  in  omnibus  pressuris, 
Et  in  gravibus  et  duris 

Est  totum  remedium.  15 

Crux  in  poenis  et  tormentis 
Est  dulcedo  piae  mentis, 

Et  veram  refu^ium. 


158  BONA VENTURA. 

Crux  est  porta  paradisi, 
20  In  qua  sancti  sunt  contisi, 

Qui  vicerunt  omnia. 
Crux  est  mundi  medicina, 
Per  quam  bonitas  divina 

Faeit  mirabilia. 

25  Crux  est  salus  animarum, 

Verum  lumen  et  praeclarnm, 

Et  dulcedo  cordium. 
Crux  est  vita  beatonun, 
Et  tliesaurus  perfectorum, 

30  Et  decor  et  gaudium. 

Crux  est  speculum   virtutis, 
Gloriosae  dux  salutis, 

Cuncta  spes  fideliuin. 
Crux  est  decus  sal'  rndoruin, 
35  Et  solatium  eorum 

Atque  desiderium. 


Crux  est  arbor  deeorafa, 
Christi  sanguine  sacrata, 

Cunctis  plena  fructibns, 
40  Quibus  animae  ernuutur, 

Cum  supernis  nutriuntur 

Cihis  in  ooelestibus. 


Cruciiixe  !  fac  me  fortetn, 
Ut  libenter  tuam  mortem 
45  Plangam,  donee  vixero. 


BONAVENTUKA.  159 

Tecum  volo  vulnerari, 

Te  libenter  amplexari 

Li  cruce  desidero. 


II.    HOKAE   DE    PASSIONE    IESU    CHRIST!. 

AD    PRIMAM. 

Tu  qui  velatus  facie 
Fuisti  sol  iustitiae, 
Flexis  illusus  genibus, 
Caesus  quoque  verberibus : 

Te  petimus  attentiiis,  5 

Ut  sis  nobis  propitius, 
Ut  per  tuam  clementiam 
Perducas  nos  ad  gloriam. 

AD    TERTIAM. 

Hora  qui  ductus  tertia 

Fuisti  ad  snpplicia,  10 

Cliriste,  ferendo  humeris 

Crucem  pro  nobis  miseris; 

Fac  nos  sic  te  diligere 

Sanctamque  vitam  ducere, 

Ut  mereamur  requie  15 

Frui  coelestis  patriae. 

AD    SEXTAM. 

Crucem  pro  nobis  subiit 
Et  stans  in  ilia  sitiit 


1  <)0  BONAVENTUBA. 

Iesus  saeratis  man i bus 
20  Clavis  fossus  et  pedibus: 

Honor  ct  benedictio 
Sit  crucifixo  Domino, 
Qui  suo  nos  supplicio 
Redemit  ab  exirio. 

AD    NONAM. 

25  Beata  Christi  passio 

Sit  nostra  liberatio, 
Ut  per  banc  nobis  gaudia 
Parata  suit  coelestia. 

Gloria  Cbristo  domino, 
30  Qui  pendens  in  patibulo 

Clamans  emisit  spirituni 
Mundumque  salvans  perditunic 

AD    COMPLETORIUM. 

Qui  iaeuisti  mortuus 
In  pace  rex  innocuus, 
35  Fac  nos  in  te  quieseere 

Semperque  laudes  canere. 

Succurre  nobis,  Domine, 
Quos  redemisti  sanguine, 
Et  due  nos  ad  suavia 
40  Aeternae  pacis  gaudia. 


BON A VENTURA.  161 


III.    IIYMNUS    DE    PASSIONE    DOMINI. 


Christum  ducem, 

Qui  per  crucem 
Kedemit  nos  ab  hostibus, 

Laudet  coetus 

Roster  laetus, 
Exultet  coelum  laudibus. 


Poena  fortis 

Tuae  mortis 
Et  sanguinis  effusio, 

Corda  terant,  10 

Ut  te  qiiaerant, 
Iesu,  nostra  redemptio. 

Per  felices 

Cicatrices, 
Sputa,  flagella,  verbera,  15 

Xobis  strata 

Sint  collata 
Aeterna  Christi  munera. 


Nostrum  tangat 

Cor,  ut  plangat,  20 

Tuorum  sanguis  vulnerum. 

In  quo  toti 

Simus  loti, 
Conditor  alme  siderum. 


162  BONAVENTIJRA. 

25  Passion  is 

Tuae  donis 
Salvator,  nos  inebria, 
Qua  fidelis 
Dare  velis 

30  Aeterna  nobis  gaudia! 


IV.    DE    PASSIONE    DOMINI. 

Quantum  hamum  caritas  tibi  praesentavit, 
Mori  cum  pro  homine  te  solicitavit ; 
Sed  et  esca  placida  hamum  occupavit. 
Cum  lucrari  animas  te  per  hoe  nionstravit. 


Te  quidem  aculeus  hami  non  latebat, 

Sed  illius  ])unctio  te  non  deterrebat, 
Immo  hunc  impetere  tibi  complacebat, 
Quia  desiderium  escae  attraliebat. 


Ergo  pro  me  misero,  quern  tu  dilexisti, 
10        Mortis  in  aculeum  sciens  impegisti, 

Cum  te  Patri  victimam  sanctam  obtulisti, 
Et  in  tuo  sanguine  sordid um  lavisti. 


lieu  !  cur  beneficia  Christi  passionis 
Penes  te  memoriter,  homo,  non  reponis? 
15        Per  hanc  enim  rnpti  sunt  laquei  praedonis, 
Per  hanc  Christus  maximis  te  ditavit  bonis. 


BON A VENTURA.  163 

Suo  quippe  corpore  languidum  te  pavit, 
Quein  in  suo  sanguine  gratis  balneavit, 
Deraura  snum  dulce  cor  tibi  denudavit, 
Ut  sic  innotesceret  quantum  te  amavit.  20 


Oh !  quam  dulce  balneum,  esca  qnam  suavis, 
Quae  sumenti  digne  lit  Paradisi  clavis; 
Est  ei  quern  reficis  nullus  labor  gravis, 
Licet  sis  fastidio  cordibus  ignavis. 


Cor  ignavi  siquidem  minime  perpendit  25 

Ad  quid  Christus  optimum  suum  cor  ostendit 
Super  alas  positum  crucis,  nee  attendit 
Quod  reclinatorii  vices  hoc  praetendit. 


Hoc  reclinatorium  quoties  monstratur 

Piae  inenti,  toties  ei  glutinatuiy  30 

Sicut  et  accipiter  totus  inescatur 

Super  carnem  rubeam,  per  quam  revocatur. 


XXX. 

THOMAS  AQUINAS, 


I.    AD    SACRAM    EUCJIAEISTIAM. 

Adoro  te  devote,  latens  Deitas, 
Quae  sub  his  figuris  vere  latitas. 
Tibi  se  cor  meum  totum  subiicit, 
Quia  te  eontemplans  totum  deficit 

5  Visus,  tactus,  gustns,  in  te  fallitur, 

Sed  audita  solo  tute  creditnr: 
Credo  quidquid  dixit  Dei  filius; 
Nihil  veritatis  verbo  verius. 

In  cruce  latebat  sola  Deitas, 
10  At  hie  latet  simui  et  humanitas, 

Anibo  tamen  credens  atque  confitensP 
Peto  quod  petivit  latro  poenitens. 

Plagas  sicut  Thomas  non  intueor, 
Deum  tamen  meum  te  confiteor, 
15  Fae  me  tibi  semper  magis  credere, 

In  te  spem  habere,  te  diligere. 


THOMAS    AQUINAS.  165 

O  memoriale  mortis  Domini, 

Pan  is  verus,  vitam  praestans  horaini, 

Praesta  meae  menti  de  te  vivere, 

Et  te  illi  semper  dulce  sapere.  20 

Pie  pelicane,  Iesu  Domine, 
Me  immundum  munda  tuo  sanguine, 
Cuius  una  stilla  salvum  faeere 
Totuin  irnindum  quit  ab  omni  scelere. 

Iesu,  quern  velatum  nunc  aspicio,  25 

Quando  fiet  illud  quod  tarn  sitio, 
Ut  te  revelata  cernens  facie 
Visu  sim  beatus  tnae  gloriae. 


II.    IN    FESTO    CORPORIS    CHRISTI. 

Lauda,  Sion,  Salvatorem, 
Laud  a  ducem  et  pastorem 

In  hyranis  et  canticis : 
Quantum  potes,  tantnm  aude, 
Quia  maior  omni  laude,  5 

Xec  laudare  sufficis. 

Laud  is  thema  specialis, 
Panis  vivus  et  vitalis 

Hodie  proponitur; 
Quern  in  sacrae  mensa  coenae  10 

Turbae  fratrum  duodenae 

Datum  non  ambigitnr. 


1GG  THOMAS    AQUINAS. 

Sit  laus  plena,  sit  sonora, 
Sit  iueunda,  sit  decora 
15  Mentis  iubilatio : 

Namque  dies  est  solennis 
Qua  recolitur  perennis 
Mensae  institutio. 

In  hac  mensa  novi  Pegis 
20  Novum  pascha  novae  legis 

Phase  vetus  terminat : 
lam  vetustas  novitati, 
Umbra  cedit  veritati, 
Noctem  lux  eliminat. 

25  Quod  in  coena  Christus  gessit, 

Faciendum  hoc  expressit 

In  sui  memoriam  : 
Docti  sacris  institutis, 
Panem,  vinnm  in  salutis 

30  Consecramus  hostiam. 

Dogma  datur  Christianis, 
Quod  in  carnem  transit  panis, 

Et  vinuni  in  Bangninem: 
Quod  non  capis,  quod  non  videsP 
35  Animosa  firmat  fides, 

Praeter  rerum  ordinem. 

Sub  diversis  specicbus, 
Signis  tamen  et  non  rebus, 
Latent  res  eximiae : 


THOMAS    AQUINAS.  167 

Caro  eibus,  sanguis  potus,  40 

Manet  tamen  Christus  totus 
Sub  ntraqiie  specie. 

A  sumente  non  concisus, 
Non  contractus,  non  divisus, 

Integer  accipitur :  45 

Sumit  trans,  sumunt  mille, 
Quantum  isti,  tantiim  ille, 

Nee  sumptus  consumitur. 

Sumunt  boni,  sumunt  mall, 

Sorte  tamen  inaequali  50 

Vitae,  vel  interitus : 
Mors  est  malis,  vita  bonis: 
Vide,  pans  sumptionis 

Quam  sit  dispar  exitus ! 

Fracto  demum  Sacramento  55 

Ne  vacilles,  sed  memento 
Tantum  esse  sub  fragmento, 

Quantum  toto  tegitur; 
Nulla  rei  fit  scissura, 

Signi  tantum  lit  fractura,  60 

Qua  nee  status,  nee  statura 

Signati  minuitur. 

Ecce !  panis  angelorum 
Factus  cibus  viatorum ! 
Vere  panis  filiorum,  65 

Non  mittendus  canibus! 


168  THOMAS    AQUINAS. 

Iii  figuris  praesignatur, 
Cum  Isaac  immolatur, 
Agnus  paschae  deputatur, 
70  Datur  manna  patribus. 

Bone  pastor,  panis  vere, 
Iesu,  liostri  miserere, 
Tu  nos  pasce,  nos  tuere, 
Tu  nos  bona  fac  videre 

75  In  terra  viventium. 

Tu  qui  cuncta  seis  et  vales. 
Qui  nos  pascis  hie  mortales, 
Tuos  ibi  commensales, 
Cohaeredes  et  sodales 

80  Fac  sanctorum  civium. 


HI.    IN   FESTO    CORPORIS    CHRIST!,  AD    VESPERAS. 

Pange,  lingua,  gloriosi 

Corporis  mysterium, 
Sanguinisque  pretiosi, 

Quern  in  mundi  pretium 
Fructus  ventris  generosi 

Ilex  effudit  gentium. 


t> 


Nobis  datuSj  nobis  natus, 
Ex  intacta  virgine, 

Et  in  mundo  conversatus, 
10  Sparso  verbi  semine, 

Sui  moras  incolatus 
Miro  clausit  ordine. 


THOMAS    AQUINAS.  169 

In  supremae  nocte  coenae, 

Recumbens  cum  fratribus, 
Observata  lege  plene  15 

Cibis  in  legalibus, 
Cibum  turbae  duodenae 

Se  dat  suis  manibns. 

Verbnm  caro  panem  verum 

Verbo  carnem  efiicit,  20 

Fitque  sanguis  Christi  merum; 

Etsi  sensus  deficit, 
Ad  firmandum  cor  sincerum 

Sola  fides  sufficit. 

Tantum  ergo  Sacramehtum  25 

Veneremur  cernui : 
Et  antiquum  documentum 

Novo  cedat  ritui : 
Praestet  fides  supplementum 

Sensuum  defectui !  30 

Genitori,  Genitoque 

Laus  et  iubilatio ! 
Salus,  honor,  virtus  quoque 

Sit  et  benedictio  ! 
Procedenti  ab  ntroque  35 

Compar  sit  laudatio ! 
H 


170  THOMAS    AQUINAS. 


IV.    DE    C0RP0RE    CHRISTL 

O  esca  viatorum  ! 
O  pains  angelorum  ! 

O  manna  coelitum  ! 
Esurientes  ciba, 
5  Dulcedine  non  priya 

Corda  quaerentium. 

O  lympha,  fons  amoris! 
Qui  puro  Salvatoris 

E  corde  profluis : 
10  Te  sitientes  pota ! 

Haec  sola  nostra  vota. 

His  una  sufficis ! 

O  Iesn,  tuum  vultura, 
Quern  colimus  occultiiin 
15  Sub  panis  specie, 

Fac,  lit,  remoto  velo, 
Aperta  nos  in  eoelo 
Ceriiamus  aeie ! 


XXXI. 
IACOPONUS 


I,    SEQUENTIA    DE    PxYSSIONE    B.  VIRGINIS. 

Stabat  mater  dolorosa 
Iuxta  crucem  lacrymosa, 

Dum  pendebat  films, 
Cuius  animam  gementem, 
Contristantem  et  dolentem 

Pertransivit  gladius. 


O  quam  tristis  et  affiicta 
Fuit  ilia  benedicta 

Mater  unigeniti, 
Quae  moerebat  et  dolebat  10 

Et  tremebat,  dum  videbat 

Nati  poenas  inclyti. 

Quis  est  homo,  qui  non  fleret, 
Matrem  Christi  si  videret, 

In  tanto  supplieio?  15 

Quis  non  posset  contristari, 
Piam  matrem  contemplari 

Dolentem  cum  filio ! 


172  IACOPONUS. 

Pro  peceatis  suae  gentis 
20  Vidit  Iesum  in  tormentis 

Et  flagellis  snbditnm ; 
Vidit  sunni  dnlcem  natum 
Morientem,  desolatuin, 

Duni  emisit  spiritum. 

25  Eia  mater,  fons  ainoris! 

Me  sentire  vim  doloris 

Fac,  ut  tecum  lugeam ; 
Fac,  ut  ardeat  cor  men m 
.   In  amando  Christum  Deum, 
30  Ut  sibi  complaceam. 

Sancta  mater,  istud  agas, 
Crueifixi  fige  plagas 

Cordi  meo  valide; 
Tui  nati  vulnerati, 
35  Tarn  dignati  pro  me  pati, 

Poenas  mecum  divide. 

Fac  me  vere  tecum  flere, 
Crucifixo  condolere, 

Donee  ego  vixero ; 
40  Iuxta  cruceni  tecum  stare, 

Te  libenter  sociare 

In  planctu  desidero. 

Virgo  virginum  praeclara, 
Mihi  iam  non  sis  amara, 

45  Fac  me  tecum  plangere; 


IACOPONUS.  173 

Fac,  ut  portem  Christi  mortem, 
Passioms  fac  consortem 
Et  plagas  recolere. 

Fac  me  plagis  vulnerari, 

Cruce  hac  inebriari,  50 

Et  cruore  filii; 
Inflammatus  et  accensus, 
Per  te,  virgo,  sim  defensus 

In  die  iudicii 

Fac  me  cruce  custodiri,  55 

Morte  Christi  praemuniri, 

Confoveri  gratia. 
Quando  corpus  morietur, 
Fac,  ut  animae  donetur 

Paradisi  gloria.  60 


n.    PARAPH RASIS    SEQUENTIAE    ANTECEDENTS. 

Stabat  mater  speciosa 
Iuxta  foennm  gaudiosa, 

Dum  iacebat  parvulus ; 
Cuius  animara  gaudentem, 
Laetabundam  et  ferventem 

Pertrausivit  iubilus. 


O  quam  laeta  et  beata 
Fuit  ilia  immaculata 
Mater  imigeniti. 


174  IACOPONUS. 

10  Quae  gaudebat  et  ridebat, 

Exultabat,  cum  videbat 
Nati  partum  inclyti. 

Quisquam  est,  qui  non  gauderet, 
Christi  matrem  si  videret 
15  In  tanto  solatio? 

Quis  non  possit  collaetari, 
Christi  matrem  contemplari 
Ludentem  cum  filio? 

Pro  peccatis  suae  gentis 
20  Christum  vidit  cum  iumentis 

Et  algori  subditum  ; 
Vidit  suum  dulcem  natum 
Vagientem,  adoratum 

Vili  diversorio. 

25  Nato  Christo  in  praesepe 

Coeli  cives  canunt  laete 

Cum  immenso  gaudio ; 
Stabat  senex  cum  puella 
Non  cum  verbo  nee  loquela 

30  Stupescentes  cordibus. 

Eia,  mater,  fons  amoris, 
Me  sentire  vim  ardoris 

Fac,  ut  tecum  sentiam ; 
Fac,  ut  ardeat  cor  nieiim 
35  In  aniatum  Christum  Deum, 

Ut  sibi  complaceam. 


IACOPONCS.  1*0 

San  eta  mater,  istud  agas, 
Prone  introducas  plagas 

Cordi  fixas  valide ; 
Tui  nati  coelo  lapsi,  40 

lam  dignati  foeno  nasci, 

Poenas  mecum  divide. 

Fac  me  vere  congaudere, 
Iesulino  cohaerere, 

Donee  ego  vixero  ;  45 

In  me  sistat  ardor  tui, 
Puerino  fac  me  frui, 

Diim  sum  in  exilio. 

Virgo  virgin  um  praeelara, 

Milii  iaui  noil  sis  amara,  50 

Fac  me  parvum  rapere; 
Fac,  ut  pulchrum  infantem  portem. 
Qui  nascendo  vieit  mortem, 

Volens  vitam  tradere. 

Fac  me  tecum  satiari,  55 

JSato  me  inebriari, 

Stanteni  in  tripudio ; 
Inflammatus  et  accensus 
Obstupescit  omnis  sensus 

Tali  me  eommercio.  60 

Fac  me  nato  custodiri, 

Verbo  Dei  praeinuniri, 

Conservari  gratia; 


1TG  IACOPONUS. 

Quando  corpus  morietur 
65  Fac,  ut  animae  donetur 

Tui  nati  gloria! 


III.    MUNDI    VANITAS. 

Cur  mundus  militat  sub  vana  gloria, 
Cuius  prosperitas  est  trausitoria? 
Tarn  cito  labitur  eius  potentia, 
Quam  vasa  figuli,  quae  sunt  fragilia. 

5  Plus  crede  litteris  scriptis  in  glacie, 

Quam  mundi  fragilis  vanae  fallaciae, 
Fallal  in  praemiis,  virtutis  specie, 
Qui  nunqnam  liabuit  tempus  fiduciae. 

Credendum  magis  est  vitris  fallacious, 
10  Quam  mundi  miseris  prosperitatibus, 

Falsis  insaniis  et  vanitatibus, 
Falsisque  studiis  et  voluptatibus. 

Die,  ubi  Salomon,  olim  tarn  nobilis, 
Vel  ubi  Samson  est,  dux  invincibilis, 
15  Vel  pulcher  Absalon,  vultu  mirabilis, 

Vel  dulcis  Ionatlian,  multum  amabilis? 

Quo  Caesar  abiit,  celsus  imperio, 
Vel  Dives  splendidus,  totus  in  prandio? 
Die;,  ubi  Tullius,  clarus  eloquio, 
20  Vel  Aristoteles,  summus  ingenio? 


IACOPONUS.  177 

Tot  clari  proceres,  tot  rerum  spatia, 
Tot  ora  praesulum,  tot  regna  fortia, 
Tot  mundi  principes,  tanta  potentia, 
In  ictu  oculi  claiideiitur  omnia ! 

Quam  breve  festuni  est  haec  mundi  gloria,       25 
Et  umbra  hominis  sunt  eius  gaudia ! 
Quae  semper  subtrahunt  aeterna  praemia, 
Et  ducunt  hominem  ad  dura  devia. 

O  esca  vermium,  O  massa  pulveris, 

O  roSj  O  vanitas,  cur  sic  extolleris?  30 

Ign orans  penitus,  utrum  eras  vixeris, 

Fac  bonum  omnibus,  quamdiu  poteris ! 

Haec  carnis  gloria,  quae  tanti  penditur, 
Sacris  in  litteris  flos  foeni  dicitur. 
Ut  leve  folium,  quod  vento  rapitur,  35 

Sic  vita  hominis  luci  subtrahitur. 

Nil  tuum  dixeris  quod  potes  perdere, 
Quod  mundus  tribuit,  intendit  rapere : 
Superna  cogita,  cor  sit  in  aetliere, 
Felix,  qui  potnit  mundum  contemnere.  40 

H2 


XXXII 

THOMAS   A   KEMPIS, 


I.    DE    PATIENTIA. 

Adversa  mundi  tolera 
Pro  Christi  nomine. 

Plus  nocent  saepe  prospers 
Cum  levi  flamine ! 


Quum  a  malis  molestaris, 
Nihil  perdis,  sed  lncraris, 
Patiendo  promereris, 
Multa  bona  consequeris ! 

Nam  Deum  honorificas 
10  Et  angelos  laetificas, 

Coronam  tuam  duplicas 
Et  proximos  aedificas! 


Labor  parvus  est 
Et  brevis  vita, 
15  Merces  grandis  est, 

Quies  infinita. 


/ 


THOMAS    A    KEMPIS.  179 

Toties  martyr  Dei 

Efficieris, 
Quoties  pro  Deo 

Poenam  patieris.  20 


Patiendo  fit  homo  melior. 

Auro  pulchrior, 

Yitro  clarior, 

Laude  dignior, 

Gradu  altior,  25 

A  vitiis  purgatior, 

Virtutibus  perfection 

Iesu  Christo  acceptior, 

Sanctis  quoque  similior, 

Hostibus  suis  fortior,  30 

Amicis  amabilior. 


In  Domino  semper  spera, 
Age  recta,  profer  vera, 

Coram  Deo  te  hnrailia, 
Et  gratiam  invenies ;  35 

Ama  panca  et  simplicia, 
Et  pacem  bonam  reperies! 


II.    DE    GAUDIIS    COELESTIBUS. 


Astant  angelorum  cliori, 


Laudes  cantant  creatori; 
Eegem  cernunt  in  decore, 
Amant  corde,  laudant  ore, 


ISO  THOMAS    A    KEMPIS. 

5  Tjmpanizaut,  eitharizant. 

Volant  aliSj  stant  in  scalis, 

Sonant  nolis,  fulgent  stolis 

Coram  summa  Trinitate, 

Clamant:  Sanctus,  Sanctus,  Sanctus; 
10  Fngit  dolor,  cessat  planctus 

In  superna  civitate. 

Concors  vox  est  omnium 

Denm  collaudantium ; 

Fervet  amor  mentium 
15  Clare  contiientium 

Beatani  Trinitatem  in  una,  Deitate; 

Qnam  adorant  Seraphim 

Ferventi  in  amore, 

Venerantur  Cherubim 
20  Ingenti  sub  honore; 

Mirantur  niiuis  Throni  de  tanta  maiestate, 

O  qnam  praeclara  regio, 

Et  quam  decora  legio 

Ex  angelis  et  hominibus! 
25  O  gloriosa  civitas, 

In  qua  summa  tranquillitas, 

Lux  et  pax  in  cunetis  finibus! 

Cives  huius  civitatis 

Veste  nitent  castitatis, 
30  Legem  tenent  caritatis, 

Firmum  pactum  unitatis. 

\<>n  laborant,  nil  ignorant; 

TsTon  tentantur,  ncc  vexantur; 

Semper  sani,  semper  laeti, 
35  Cunetis  bonis  sunt  repleti. 


XXXIII. 

JOHANNES   MAUBURNUS 


I.    DE    NATIYITATE    DOMINI. 

Hen,  quid  iaces  stabulo, 

Omnium  creator, 
Vagiens  cunabulo, 

Mundi  reparator? 
Si  rex,  ubi  purpura  ?  5 

Vel  clientum  murmura? 

Ubi  aula  regis  ? 
Hie  omiris  penuria, 
Paupertatis  curia, 

Forma  novae  legis.  10 

"Istuc  amor  generis 

Me  traxit  liumani, 
Quod  se  noxa  sceleris 

Occidit  profani. 
His  meis  inopiis  IT 

Gratiarum  copiis 

Te  pergo  ditare, 
Hocce  natalitio 
Vero  sacrificio 

Te  volens  beare."  20 


182  IOHANNES    MAUBUBNUS. 

O,  te  laudum  millibus 

Laudo,  laudo,  laudo, 
Tantis  mirabilibus 

.Plaudo,  plaudo,  plaudo  ! 
25  Gloi'ia,  sit  gloria, 

Amanti  memoria 

Domino  in  altis! 
Cui  testimonia 
Dantur  et  praeconia 
30  Coelicis  a  psaltis! 


XXXIV. 
AUCTORES  INCERTL 


I.    DE    NATIVITATE    DOMINI. 

Puer  natus  in  Bethlehem, 
ITnde  gaudet  Ierusalem. 

Hie  iacet  in  praesepio, 
Qui  regnat  sine  termino. 

Cognovit  bos  et  asiims  5 

Quod  puer  erat  Dominus. 

Eeges  de  Saba  veniunt, 
Auruin,  thus,  myrrham  offernnt 

Intrantes  domum  invieem 

Novum  salutant  Principem.  10 

De  matre  natus  virsnne 
Sine  virili  semine ; 

Sine  serpentis  vulnere 
De  nostro  venit  sanguine: 


1$±  AUCTOKES    INCERTI. 

15  In  carne  nobis  similis, 

Peceato  sed  dissimilis; 

Ut  redderet  nos  homines 
Deo  et  sibi  similes. 

In  hoc  natal  i  gaudio 
20  Benedicanius  Domino. 

Laudetur  sancta  Trinitas 
Deo  dicamus  gratias. 


II.    DE    RESURRECTIONE    DOMINI. 

Surrexit  Christus  liodie 
Humano  pro  solamine. 

Mortem  qui  passus  pridie 
Miserrimo  pro  homine. 

5  Mulieres  ad  tumulum 

Dona  ferunt  aromatnm, 

Quaerentes  Iesnm  dominum 
Qui  est  salvator  hominum, 

Album  cernentes  angelum 
1^  Annunciantem  gaudium: 


Mulieres  O  tremulae, 
In  Galilaeara  pergite, 


AUCT0RES    INCERTI.  185 

Discipulis  hoc  dicite, 
Quod  surrexit  rex  gloriae, 

Petro  dehinc  et  caeteris  15 

Apparuit  apostolis. 

In  hoc  pascali  gaudio 
Benedieamus  Domino. 

Gloria  tibi,  Domine, 

Qui  surrexisti  e  morte.  20 

Laudetur  sancta  Trinitas 
Deo  dicamus  gratias. 


III.    DE   APOSTOLIS. 

Qui  sunt  isti3 

Qui  volant  nt  nubes  per  aera? 

Portant  Christi 

Per  Sanctum  Spiritum  mysteria? 

Hi  sunt  terrae  principes  5 

Et  electi  lapides, 

Quorum  son  us 

Exauditus  est  per  terrae  climata. 

Petrus  Antioehiam, 

Paulas  Alexandrian!  10 

Et  Andreas 

Convertit  ad  Dominum   Aehai'am. 


186  AUCTORES    INCERTL 

Iohannes  in  dolio 
Ex  ferventi  oleo 
15  Senatum  devicerat. 

Pliilippus  Azotic um 
Destinavit  populum 
Ad  matrem  ccclesiam. 

Adhuc  sunt  in  numero 
20  Iacobus  cum  Iacobo, 

Simon  Cananaeus 
Et  Iudas  Thaddaeus. 
Vocatus  a  Domino 
Sedens  in  telonio 
25  Sequitur  Matthaeus 

Et  Iiartholomaeus. 

Thomas  non  postponitur, 
Matthiasque  tollitur 
Yocatus  a  Domino 

30  Sorte  apostolica. 

Ergo  vos  apostoli 
Et  amici  Domini 
Nbstrorum  absolvite 
Pcccatorum  vincula 

35  Iuvando  per  saecula. 


IV.    MEDITATIONES. 

Desere  iam,  anima,  lectulum  soporis. 
Languor,  torpor,  vanitas  excludatur  foris; 
Intus  cor  efferveat  facibus  amoris, 
Becolens  miriftca  gesta  Salvatoris. 


AUCTORES    INCERTI.  187 

Mens,  affectus,  ratio,  simul  convenite,  5 

Occupari  frivolis  ultra  iam  nolite ; 
Discursus,  vagatio,  cum  curis  abite, 
Dum  pertractat  animus  saeramenta  vitae. 

Iesu  mi  dulcissime,  domine  coelorum, 
Conditor  omnipotens,  rex  universorum,  10 

Quis  iam  actus  sufficit  mirari  gestorum, 
Quae  te  ferre  compulit  salus  miserorum? 

Te  de  coelis  caritas  traxit  animarum, 
Pro  quibus  palatiuni  deserens  praeclarnm, 
Miseram  ingrediens  vallem  lacrvmarum,  15 

Opus  durum  suscipis,  et  iter  amarum. 

Tristatur  laetitia,  salus  infirmatur, 

Panis  vivus  esurit,  virtus  sustentatur; 

Sitit  fons  perpetuus,  quo  coelum  potatur; 

Et  ista  quis  intuens  mira,  non  miratur?  20 

Oh  mira  dignatio  pii  Salvatoris, 
Oh  vere  mirifica  pietas  amoris; 
Expers  culpae  nosceris,  Iesu,  flos  decoris, 
Ego  tui,  proh  dolor !  causa  sum  doloris. 

Ego  lieu!  superbio,  tu  humiliaris;  25 

Ego  culpas  perpetro,  tu  poena  mulctaris ; 
Ego  frnor  dulcibus,  tu  felle  potaris ; 
Ego  peto  mollia,  tu  dure  tractaris. 


188  AUCTOKES    INCERTI. 


V.    DE    NATIVITATE    DOMINI. 

O  ter  foecundas, 

O  ter  iuciuidas 

Beatae  noctis  delicias, 

Quae  suspiratas, 
5  E  coelo  datas 

In  terris  paris  delicias. 

Gravem  primaevae 
Ob  laps  tun  Evae 

Dum  iainiam  mundiis  emoritur3 
10  In  carne  meus, 

Ut  vivat,  Dens, 

Sol  vitae,  mnndo  snbontiir. 

Aeterninn  lumen, 
Immensum  numen 
15  Pannonnn  vinculis  stringitnr; 

In  vili  catila, 
Exclusus  aula, 

Rex  coeli  bestiis  cingitnr. 

In  cunis  iaeet, 
20  Et  infans  tacet 

Verbtnn,  quod  loquitur  omnia; 
Sol  mundi  friget 
Et  flamma  riget: 


Quid  sibi  volnnt  liaec  omnia  ? 

Quod  iu  spelaeum 
Depressit  Denm '( 

O  hoc  amoris  tehim  est! 


AUCTORES    INCERTI.  189 

Astra,  valete, 
Antra,  salvete, 

lam  rnihi  stabulum  coelum  est!  30 


VI.    IESUS    ET    MATER. 

Parvum  quando  cerno  Deum 

Matris  inter  brachia, 
Colliquescit  pectus  meum 

Inter  mille  gaudia. 

Gestit  puer,  gestit,  videns  5 

Tua,  mater,  libera : 
Puer  ille,  dum  subridens 

Mille  figit  oscula. 

Qualis  puro  in  lucenti 

Sol  renitet  aethere,  10 

Talis  puer  in  lactanti 

Matris  haeret  ubere. 

Talis  mater  speciosa 

Pulchra  est  cum  fllio, 
Qualis  est  cum  molli  rosa  15 

Viola  cum  lilio 

Inter  sese  tot  amores, 

Tot  alternant  spicula, 
Quot  in  pratis  fulgent  flores? 

Quot  in  coelo  sidera.  20 


190  AUCTORES   INCERTI. 

O  si  una  ex  sagittis, 
Dulcis  o  puerule, 

Quas  in  matris  pectus  mittis, 
In  me  cadat,  lesule ! 


VII.    SUSPIRIUM   AMORIS. 

O  Dens,  ego  amo  te, 

Nee  amo  te,  ut  salves  me* 
Ant  quia  non  amantes  te 
Aeterno  punis  igne. 

5  Tu,  tu,  mi  Iesu,  totum  me 

Amplexus  es  in  cruce, 
Tulisti  clavos,  lanceam, 
Multamque  ignominiam, 

Innumeros  dolores, 
10  Sudores  et  angores, 

Ac  mortem,  et  haec  propter  me3 
Ah,  pro  me  peccatore ! 

Cur  igitur  non  amem  te, 
O  Iesu  amantissime, 
15  Non,  ut  in  coelo  salves  me, 

Aut  ne  aeternum  damnes  me; 

Xec  praemii  ullius  spe, 
Sed  sicut  tu  amasti  me? 
Sic  amo  et  amabo  te 
20  Solum  quia  rex  mens  es. 

Et  solum  quia  Dcus  es. 


AUCTORES    INCERTI.  191 

VIII.    DE    PASSIONE    DOMINI. 

Ecquis  binas  columbinas 

Alas  dabit  animae? 
Ut  ad  almam  crucis  palmam 

Evolet  citissime, 
In  qua  Iesus  totus  laesus,  5 

Orbis  desiderium, 

Et  immensus  est  suspensus, 
Factus  improperiam ! 

O  cor,  scande;  Iesu,  pande 

Caritatis  viscera,  10 

Et  profunde  me  reconde 

Intra  sacra  vulnera ; 
In  superna  me  caverna 

Colloca  maceriae ; 
Hie  viventi,  quiescenti  15 

Finis  est  miseriae ! 

O  mi  Deus,  amor  mens! 

Tune  pro  me  pateris? 
Proque  indigno,  crucis  ligno, 

Iesu  mi,  suffigeris?  20 

Pro  latrone,  Iesu  bone, 

Tu  in  crucem  tolleris? 
Pro  peccatis  meis  gratis, 

Vita  mea,  moreris  ? 

Kon  sum  tanti,  Iesu,  quanti  25 

Amor  tuns  aestimat; 
Hen !  cur  ego  vitam  dego, 

Si  cor  te  non  redamat  ? 


192  AUCTORES    INCKKTI. 

Benedictus  sit  invictus 
30  Amor  vincens  omnia; 

Amor  fortis,  tela  mortis 
Reputans  ut  somnia. 

Iste  fecit,  et  refecit 
Amor,  Iesu,  perditnm ; 
35  O  insignis,  Amor,  ignis, 

Cor  accende  frigidum ! 
O  fac  vere  cor  ardere, 

Fac  me  te  diligere, 
Da  coniimgi,  da  defimgi 
40  Tecum,  Iesu,  et  vivere. 


IX.    IN    RESURRECTION  E    DOMINI, 

Pone  luctum,  Magdalena ! 

Et  serena  lacrymas: 
Non  est  iam  Simonis  coena, 
Non,  cur  fletum  exprimas : 
5  Causae  mille  sunt  laetandi, 

Causae  mille  exultandi : 

Ilalleluia  ? 

Sume  risum,  Magdalena ! 
Frons  nitescat  lucida; 
10  Demigravit  omnis  poena, 

Lux  coruscat  fulgida: 
Christus  mundum  liberavit, 
Et  de  morte  triumphavit! 

Ilalleluia! 


AUCTOEES    INCERTI.  193 

Gaude,  plaude,  Magdalena!  15 

Tumba  Christus  exiit ! 
Tristis  est  peracta  scena, 

Victor  mortis  rediit; 
Quern  deflebas  morientem, 
Nunc  arride  resurgentein  !  20 

Hallelaia! 

Tolle  vultum,  Magdalena ! 

Redivivnm  aspice : 
Vide,  frons  quam  sit  amoena, 

Quinque  plagas  inspice  :  25 

Fulgent,  sic  ut  margaritae, 
Ornamenta  novae  vitae. 

Halleluia! 

Vive,  vive,  Magdalena! 

Tua  lux  reversa  est,  30 

Gaudiis  turgescat  vena, 

Mortis  vis  abstersa  est ; 
Moesti  procul  sunt  dolores, 
Laeti  redeant  amores ! 

Halleluia!  35 


X.    PHOENIX    EXSPIEANS. 

Tandem  audite  me, 
Sionis  filiae ! 
Aegram  respieite, 
Dilecto  dicite: 

T 


194:  AUCTORES    INCERTL 

5  Amore  vulneror, 

Amore  funeror. 

Fulcite  floribus 
Fessam  laninioribus: 
Stipate  citreis 
10  Et  malis  aureis: 

Nimis  edacibus 
Liquesco  faeibus. 

Hue  odoriferos, 
Hue  soporiferos 
15  Ramos  depromite : 

Rogos  componite : 
Ut  phoenix  moriar? 
In  flam  m  is  oriar! 

An  amor  dolor  sit, 
20  An  dolor  amor  sit, 

Utrnmque  neseio ! 
Hoc  nnum  sentio : 
Iucimdus  dolor  est, 
Si  dolor  amor  est. 

25  Quid,  amor,  crucias? 

A ufe r  indncias  ! 
Lentus  tyranmis  es: 
Momentum  annus  est 
Tain  tarda  funera 

30  Tua  sunt  vulnera! 

Tarn   vitae  stamina 
Jtumpe,  O  anima! 


AUCT0RES    INCERTT.  195 

Ignis  ascendere 

Gestit,  et  tendcre 

Ad  coeli  atria  :  35 

Haec  mea  patria ! 


XI.    DE   CRUCE. 

Crux  ave  benedicta, 
Per  te  mors  est  devicta, 
In  te  dependit  Deus, 
Rex  et  Salvator  mens. 

Tu  arborura  regina,  5 

Salutis  medicina, 
Pressorum  es  levamen, 
Et  tristium  solamen. 

O  sacrosanctum  lignum, 

Tu  vitae  nostrae  signum,  10 

Tulisti  fructum  Iesum, 

Humani  cordis  esum. 

Duih  crucis  inimicos 

Vocabis  et  amicos, 

O  Iesu,  fill  Dei,  15 

Sis,  oro,  rnemor  mei ! 


196  AUCTORES    INCEKTI. 

XII.    DE   RESURRECTIONEo 

Plaudite  coeli, 
Eideat  aether, 
Summus  et  imus 
Gaudeat  orbis ! 
5  Transivit  atrae 

Turba  proeellae: 
Subiit  almae 
Gloria  palinae! 

Surgite  verni, 
10  Surgite  flores, 

Germina  pictis 
Surgite  campis, 
Teueris  mixtae 
Viol  is  rosae, 
15  Candida  sparsis 

Lilia  calthis! 

Currite  plenis, 
Carmina,  venis! 
Fundite  laetum, 
20  Barbytha,  metrums 

Namque  revixit, 
Sicuti  dixit, 
Pins  illaesus 
Fnnere  Iesus ! 

25  Plaudite  montes, 

Ludite  fontes; 


AUCTORES    INCERTI.  197 

Resonent  valles, 

Repetunt  colles: 

"  Io  revixit, 

Sicuti  dixit,  30 

Pius  illaesus 

Funere  Iesus." 


XIII.    DE    S.  IOANNE   EVANGELISTA. 

Verbuni  Dei,  Deo  natum, 

Quod  nee  factum,  nee  creatum, 

Venit  de  coelestibus, 
Hoc  vidit,  hoc  attrectavit, 
Hoc  de  coelo  reseravit 

Ioannes  hominibus. 


Inter  illos  primitivos 
Veros  veri  fontis  rivos 

Ioannes  exsiliit; 
Toti  mnndo  propinare  10 

Xectar  illud  salutare, 

Quod  de  throno  prodiit. 

Coelum  transit,  veri  rotam 
Solis  vidit,  ibi  totani 

Mentis  figens  aciem  ;  ig 

Speculator  spiritalis 
Quasi  Serapliim  sub  alis 

Dei  vidit  faciem. 


198  AUCTORKS    INCEKTL 

Audiit  in  gyro  sedis 
20  Quid  psallaiit  cum  citliaroedis 

Quater  seni  proceres : 
De  sigillo  Trinitatis 
Xostrae  nuramo  civitatis 
Impressit  charactered. 

25  Volat  avis  sine  meta 

Quo  nee  vates  nee  propheta 

Evolavit  altius: 
Tarn  implenda,  quam  impleta5 
Nunquam  vidit  tot  secreta 

30  Purus  homo  purine. 

Sponsus  rubra  veste  tectus, 
Visus,  sed  non  intellectus, 

Redit  ad  palatium : 
Aquilam  Ezeehielis 
35  Sponsae  misit,  quae  de  eoelis 

Referret  mysterium. 

Die,  dileete,  de  Dilecto=, 
Qualis  sit  et  ex  Dilecto 
Sponsus  sponsae  nuneia: 
40  Die  quis  eibns  angelorum, 

Quae  sint  festa  superorum 
De  sponsi  praesentia 

Veri  pauem  intellcctus, 
Coenam  Christi  Biiper  pectus 
45  Christi  Biimptam  resera: 


AUCTOKES    INCERTI.  199 

Ut  can  tern  us  de  Patron  o, 
Coram  Agno,  coram  throno, 
Laudes  super  aethera. 


XIV.    DE    INCARNATIONS    DOMINI. 

Arte  mira,  miro  consilio 
Quaerens  ovem  suam  summus  opilio, 
Ut  nos  revocaret  ab  exilio 
Locutus  est  nobis  in  filio ; 

Qui  nostrae  sortis  unicam  5 

Sine  sorde  tnnicam 
Pngnatnrus  induit, 
Quam  pnellae  texuit 
Th alamo  Paraelitus. 


XV.    DE    PASSIONE. 

Dulcis  Iesu,  spes  pauperis, 

Qui  semper  ades  miseris, 

Ad  te  miser  confugio, 

Quern  tota  mente  sitio, 

Ad  te  Deum,  quern  diligo,  5 

Vocem  geinentem  diri^ro, 

Te  vox  requiret  flebilis, 

Te  mens  adoret  humilis. 

Dulcis  Iesu,  nil  dulcius, 

Nil  est  vere  iocimdios,  10 


200  AUCTORES    INCKKTI. 

Quani  frequenter  rcvolvere, 
Poenas  tuas  recurrere. 
Mortis  tuae  memoria 
Pigmenta  vincit  omnia, 
15  Myrrham  et  thus,  cmnamomum, 

Nardiim,  crocum  et  balsamum. 

Dulcis  Iesu,  quid  feceras? 
Nunquam  crucem  merueras, 
Quod  tu  luis,  nos  feeimus, 
20  Quod  tu  bibis,  nos  meruimus; 

Nos  ex  Adam  propagine, 
Tu  te  pudica  virgine, 
Ortu  reatum  traximus, 
Ortu  manes  purissimus. 


25  Dulcis  Iesu,  quod  pateris, 

Tot u m  fuit  pro  miseris, 
Quos  in  tyranni  carcere 
Poenas  videbas  lucre, 
Te  non  poenae  neeessitas, 

30  Sed  gratiarum  largitas 

Fecit  pati  patibulum, 
Gustare  mortis  poculum. 

Dulcis  Iesu,  me  respice, 
Votum  rei  non  despice, 

35  Qui  totus  es  poenis  datns0 

Clavis  manus,  plaga  latus 
Foedis  sputis  est  illitum, 
Spinis  capul  est  obsitum, 
Vultus  dulcis  conspuitur, 

40  Collum  eolaphis  caeditur. 


AUCTORES   INCERTI.  201 

Dulcis  Iesu,  doctor  pie, 

Sanctus  liquor,  ros  gratiae 

Fluxit  cle  tuo  latere, 

Fluxit  de  tuo  vulnere, 

Remissionis  pretium,  45 

Salvationis  praemium 

Fluxit  de  tuis  manibus, 

Fluxit  de  tuis  pedibus. 

Dulcis  Iesu,  qui  proditus, 

Qui  tractus  es,  qui  venditus,  50 

Qui  per  zelus  gentis  trucis 

Es  affixus  ligno  crucis : 

Qui  vulneratus  cuspide, 

Qui  clausus  es  sub  lapide, 

Qui  victor  adis  aethera,  55 

Salvare  nos  accelera. 

Dulcis  Iesu,  parcens  reo, 

Infer  iubar  cordi  meo, 

Qui  me  cruore  roseo 

Lotum  redemisti  Deo,  60 

Virtus  Patri,  laus  Genito, 

Sancto  decus  Paraclito, 

Sit  solis  tribus  gloria 

Per  secla  metae  nescia. 


XVI.    IN    ASCENSIONE    DOMINI. 

Coelos  ascendit  hodie 
Iesus  Christus,  rex  gloriae, 
12 


202  AUCTORES    INCERTI. 

Sedet  ad  Patris  dexterain, 
Gubernat  coeluin  ct  terrain, 

5  lam  finem  liabent  omnia 

Patris  Davidis  carmina. 

lam  Dominus  cum  Domino 
Sedet  in  Dei  solio. 

Ascensionis  Domino 
10  Benedieamus  Domino. 

Laudetur  Sancta  Trinitas, 
Deo  dieamus  gratias. 


XVII.    IN    SEPTUAGESIMA. 

Alleluia  piis  edite  laudibus, 
Cives  aetherei,  psallite  suaviter 
Alleluia  perenne. 

Ilinc  vos  perpetni  luminis  aceolas 
5  Assumet  resonans  hymniferis  clioris 

Alleluia  perenne. 

Vos  urbs  eximia  suscipiet  Dei, 
Quae  laetis  resonans  cantibus  excitat 
Alleluia  perenne. 

10  Feliei  reditu  gandia  sumite, 

Reddentes  Domino  glorificum  melos 
Alleluia  perenne. 


AUCTORES    ESfCERTl.  203 

Almum  sidereae  iam  patriae  decus 
Victores  capitis,  quo  eanor  est  iugis 

Alleluia  peremie.  15 

Illine  regis  honor  vocibns  inclytis 
Iocundo  reboat  laetoque  carmine 
Alleluia  perenne. 

Hoc  fessis  requies,  hoc  cibus  et  potus, 
Oblectans  reduces,  haustibus  affluens,  20 

Alleluia  perenne. 

Xos  te  suavisonis  conditor  affatim 
Eerum  carminibus  laudeque  pangimus 
Alleluia  perenne. 

Te,  Christe,  celebrat  gloria  vocibns  25 

Kostris  omnipotens  ac  tibi  dicimus 
Alleluia  perenne. 


XVIII.    IN    SEPTUAGESIMA. 

Cantemus  cuncti  melodum 
Nunc  alleluia. 


In  laudibus  aeterni  regis 

Haec  plebs  resultet  alleluia. 


Hoc  denique  coelestes  chori 
Cantant  in  altum  alleluia. 


204  AUCTORES    INCERTL 

Hoc  bcatorum 

Per  prata  paradisiaca 

Psallat  conceutus  alleluia. 

10  Quin  et  astrorum 
Micantia  luminaria 

Iubilant  altum  alleluia. 


Nubium  cursus,  veiitorutn  volatus, 
Fulgurum  coruscatio,  et  tonitru 
15         Dulce  consonant  simul  alleluia. 


Fluctus  et  undae,  imber  et  procellae, 

Tempestas,  et  serenitas,  cauma,  gelu,  nix,  pruinae, 
Saltus,  nemora  pangant  alleluia. 

Hinc,  variae  volucie^,  creatorem 
20         Laudibus  concinite  cum  alleluia. 

Ast  illinc  respondeant  voces  altae 
Diversarum  bestiarum  alleluia. 

Istinc  montium  celsi  vertices 
Sonent  alleluia. 

25  Illinc  vallium  prof unditates 
Saltent  alleluia. 

Tu  cjuoque,  maris 

Iubilans  abyssc,  die  alleluia. 

Nee  non  terrarum 
30  Molis  immensitates,  alleluia. 


AUCTORES    INCERTI.  205 

Nunc  omne  genus  humannm  laudans 
Exultet  alleluia. 

Et  creatori  grates  frequentans 
Consonet  alleluia. 

Hoc  denique  liomen  audire  ingiter  35 

Delectatur  alleluia. 

Hoc  etiam  carmen  coeleste  comprobac 
Ipse  Christus  alleluia. 

Nunc  vos,  O  socii,  cantate  laetantes 

Alleluia.  40 

Et  vos,  puenili,  respondete  semper 
Alleluia. 

Nunc  omnes  canite  simul 
Alleluia  Domino, 

Alleluia  Christo,  45 

Pneumatique  alleluia. 

Laus  Trinitati  aeternae,  alleluia,  alleluia, 
Alleluia,  alleluia,  alleluia,  alleluia. 


XIX.    ALLELUIA. 

Alleluia,  dulce  carmen, 
Vox  perennis  gaudii, 
Alleluia  vox  suavis 


206  AUCTOKES    INCERTT. 

Est  elioris  coelestibus, 
5  Quam  cammt  Dei  manentes 

In  donio  per  saecula. 

Alleluia,  laeta  mater 
Concivis  {lierusalein, 

Alleluia   vox  tuoruin 
10  Civiuni  gandeutinm, 

Exsules  nos  Here  eogunt 
Babvlonis  fluuiina. 

Alleluia  non  meremur 
Nunc  perenne  psallere, 
15  Alleluia  nos  reatus 

Cogit  intermittere ; 
Tempus  instat,  quo  peracta 
Lugeamus  crimina. 

Unde  laudando  preeamnr 
20  Te,  beata  Trinitas, 

Ut  tuum  nobis  videre 
Pascha  des  in  aethere, 
Quo  tibi  laeti  canainus 
Alleluia  iugiter! 


XX.    IIYMNUS    PASCIIALTSo 

O  filii  et  filiae, 

Rex  coelestis,  rex  gloriae 

Morte  Biirrexit  hodie.     Alleluia. 


AUCTORES    INCERTT.  207 

Et  mane  prima  Sabbati 
Ad  ostium  raonumenti 
Accesserunt  discipuli.     Alleluia. 

Et  Maria  Magdalene, 

Et  Iacobi,  et  Salome 

Venerunt  corpus  ungere.     Alleluia. 


In  albis  sedens  angelus  10 

Praedixit  mulieribus: 

In  Galilea  est  Dominus.     Alleluia. 


Et  loannes  apostolus 

Cucurrit  Petro  citius, 

Monumento  venit  prius.     Alleluia.  15 

Discipulis  astantibus, 

In  medio  stetit  Christus, 

Dicens  :  Pax  vobis  omnibus.     Alleluia. 

Ut  intellexit  Didymus 

Quia  surrexerat  Iesus,  20 

Kemansit  fere  dubius.     Alleluia. 

Vide,  Thorn  a,  vide  latus, 
Vide  pedes,  vide  manus, 
Noli  esse  ineredulus.     Alleluia. 

Quando  Thomas  vidit  Christum,  25 

Pedes,  manus,  latus  suum, 

Dixit :  Tu  es  Deus  mens.     Alleluia. 


208  AUCTORES    INCERTI. 

Beati  qui  non  viderunt 
Et  firmiter  erediderunt ; 
SO  Vitam  aeternam  habebunt.     Alleluia. 

In  hoc  festo  sanctissimo 
Sit  laus  et  inbilatio : 
Benedicamus  Domino.     Alleluia. 

Ex  quibus  nos  humillimas 
35  Devotas  atque  debitas 

Deo  dicamus  gratias.     Alleluia. 


XXI.    IN    DEDICATIONE    ECCLESIAE. 

Urbs  beata  Iernsalem  dicta  paeis  visio, 

Quae  construitur  in  coelis  vivis  ex  lapidibus, 
Et  angelis  coronata,  velut  sponsa  nobilis. 

Xova  veniens  a  coelo,  nuptiali  thalamo 
5  Praeparata,  ut  sponsata  copuletur  Domino ; 
Plateae  et  muri  eius  ex  auro  purissimo. 

Portae  nitent  margaritis,  adytis  patentibus; 

Et  virtute  meritorum  illuc  introducitur 

Omnis,  qui  ob  Christi  nomen  hoc  in  mundo  premitur, 

10  Tunsionibus,  pressuris  expoliti  lapides 
Suis  coaptantur  locis  per  manum  artificis, 
Disponuntur  permansuri  sacris  aedificiis. 


AUCT0RES    INCERTI.  209 

Angulare  fundamentum  lapis  Christus  missus  est, 
Qui  compage  parietum  in  utroqne  neetitur. 
Quern  Sion  sancta  suscepit,  in  quo  credens  perma- 15 
net. 

Omnis  ilia  Deo  sacra  et  dilecta  civitas, 
Plena  modulis  et  laucle  et  canore  jubilo, 
Trinum  Deum  nnieumque  cum  favore  praedicat. 

Hoc  in  templo,  summe  Deus,  exoratus  adveni, 

Et  dementi  bonitate  precum  vota  suscipe ;  20 

Largam  benedictionem  hie  infunde  ingiter. 

Hie  promereantur  omnes  petita  accipere, 
Et  adepta  possidere   cum  Sanctis  perenniter, 
Paradisum  introire,  translati  in  requiem. 


XXXV. 
MARIA,  SCOTIAE  REGINA, 


O  Domine  Deus! 
Speravi  in  te; 
O  care  mi  Iesu  ! 
Nunc  libera  me: 
5  In  dura  catena, 

In  misera  poena 
Desidero  te ; 
Languendo,  gemendoP 
Et  genuflectendo 
10  Adoro,  imploro, 

Ut  liberes  me! 


XXXVI. 
MARTINUS   LUTHERUS 

ET 

PHILIPPUS  C.  BUTTMANN 


PSALMUS,  DEUS    N0STER   REFUGIUM   ET   VIRTUS. 
(EIN   FESTE    BURG   1ST   UNSER   GOTT.) 

Arx  firma  Dens  noster  est, 
Is  telum,  quo  nitaraur; 
Is  explicat  ex  omnibus 
Queis  inalis  implicamur. 

Nam  cui  semper  mos,  5 

lam  ter  terret  nos ; 

Per  astum,  per  vim, 

Saevam  levat  sitim ; 

Nil  par  in  terris  illi, 

In  nobis  nihil  situm  est,  10 

Quo  minus  pereamus: 
Quern  Deus  ducem  posuit, 
Is  facit  ut  vivamus. 


212      MARTINIS  LUTHERU6  ET  PHILIPPUS  C.  BUTTMANN. 

Scin'  quis  hoc  potest? 
15  Iesus  Christus  est, 

Qui,  dux  coelitum, 
Non  habet  aemulum ; 
Is  vicerit  profecto. 

Sit  mundus  plenus  daemonum, 
20  Nos  cupiant  vorare ; 

Non  tiraor  est;  victoria 
Nil  potest  nos  frustrare. 
Hem  dux  saeculi ! 
Invitus  abi ! 
25  In  nos  nil  potes, 


lam  iudicatus  es 


Vel  vocula  te  sternat. 

Hoc  verbum  non  pessumdabuni 
Nee  gratiam  merebunt; 
30  In  nobis  Cliristi  spiritus 

Et  munera  vigebunt: 
Tollant  corpus,  rem, 
Mundique  omnem  spem : 
Tollant!  iubilent  I 
35  Non  lucrum  hinc  ferent; 

Manebit  regnum  nobis0 


XXXVII 
AUGUSTUS  M.  TOPLADY 

ET 

W.  E.  GLADSTONE. 


EOCK  OF  AGES,  CLEFT  FOE  ME. 

Iesus,  pro  me  perforatus, 
Conclar  intra  tuum  latus, 
Tu  per  lvmpham  profluentem, 
Tu  per  sanguinem  tepentem, 
In  peccata  mi  redunda, 
Tolle  culpam,  sordes  munda. 


Coram  te  nee  iustus  forem, 

Quamvis  tota  vi  laborem, 

Nee  si  fide  nunquam  cesso, 

Fletu  stillans  indefesso  :  10 

Tibi  soli  tantum  mumis; 

Salva  me,  Salvator  unus! 


214      AUGUSTUS  M.  TOPLADV   ET  W.  E.  GLADSTONE, 

Nil  in  nianu  niecuni  fero, 


Sed  me  versus  erneem  gero; 
15  Vestimenta  nudus  ore, 

Openi  debilis  imploro; 
Fontem  Christi  quaero  immundus; 
Nisi  laves,  moribundus. 


Dum  hos  artns  vita  regit; 
20  Quando  nox  sepulchro  tegit; 

Mortuos  cum  stare  iubes, 
Sedens  index  inter  nubes; 
Iesns,  pro  me  perforatus, 
Condar  intra  tiium  latus* 


NOTES. 


NOTE  S. 


I.  HILARIUS  PICTAYIENSIS. 

Life.—  Hilarius,  or  Hilary,  was  born  at  Pictavium,  now  Poic- 
tiers,  in  France.  The  date  of  his  birth  is  not  known.  He  was 
of  heathen  family,  but  was  early  converted,  and  became  bishop 
of  Poictiers  in  853.  He  was  one  of  the  foremost  men  of  his  age, 
both  in  personal  and  literary  influence.  He  was  a  zealous  cham- 
pion of  the  Athanasian  view  of  the  Trinity,  and  his  Arian  oppo- 
nents prevailed  on  the  Emperor  Constantius  to  banish  him  to 
Phrygia,  356.  He  remained  four  years,  and  then  returned  to  his 
see,  and  continued  in  active  labor  till  his  death  in  368.  While 
in  the  East,  he  observed  the  influence  of  the  hymns  sung  in  the 
Arian  churches,  and  when  he  returned  he  introduced  similar 
singing  to  the  churches  of  the  West.  He  has  been  called  the 
father  of  Western  hymnology.  He  made  a  collection  of  spiritual 
songs,  with  the  title  Liber  Mysteriorum,  mentioned  by  Jerome 
(Catal.  vir.  illustr.,  c.  100),  but  now  lost.  He  is  named  with  Am- 
brose by  the  Council  of  Toledo  (iv.,  13)  as  one  who  had  composed 
songs  for  the  Church  in  praise  of  God  and  to  the  honor  of  the 
apostles  and  martyrs.  The  Glorkc  in  excehis  was  ascribed  to  him 
by  Alcuin  and  others,  and  he  may  have  translated  and  intro- 
duced it.  His  biographer,  Fortunatus,  distinctly  specifies  as  his 
the  morning  hymn  with  which  our  collection  begins.  His  claim 
to  others  which  are  ascribed  to  him  is  less  clear. 

Hymn  I. 

This  hymn  is  mentioned  by  Fortunatus,  the  biographer  of  Hi- 
larius. In  the  Benedictine  edition  of  the  works  of  Hilarius,  Ye- 
ronae,  1730,  fol.  ii.,  p.  530,  it  is  given  as  the  hymn  referred  to  in  a 
letter  to  his  daughter  Abra,  about  the  end  of  the  year  358,  in  which 
he  savs,  u  Interim  tibi  hymnum  matutinum  et  serotinum  misi,  ut 

K 


218  NOTES. 

memor  mei  semper  sis/'  It  is  in  many  old  collections,  and  in 
Daniel's  Thesaurus,  1,1;  Wackernagel,  1,  11.  There  are  several 
translations  into  German:  Konigsfeld,  1,  2, Bienengraber ;  and  in 
English  :   Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  91. 

The  Theme  is  Erat  vera  lux,  quae  illuminat  omnem  hominem 
venientem  in  hunc  nnmdum,  John  i.,  9.  Ego  sum  lux  mundi ;  qui 
sequitur  me,  non  ambulat  in  tenebris,  sed  habebit  lumen  vitae, 
John  viii.,  12. 

Line  1.  Splendide:  Many  copies  read  optime,  which  has  crept 
in  from  the  Ambrosian  hymn,  p.  36. — 2.  Sercno:  Some  read  ser- 
monis,  referring  to  Genesis  i.,  3. — 4.  Refusus:  Some  read  refufow, 
losing  the  suggestion  of  an  inundation  poured  forth  and  over- 
spreading the  world. — 5.  Lucifer :  God-Christ  is  here  addressed 
as  the  true  liglit-lringer,  in  distinction  from  the  planet  Venus. 
Such  etymological  turns  are  common  in  the  hymns.  Lucifer  is  a 
familiar  epithet  of  John  the  Baptist  in  the  early  Church,  as  well 
as  of  the  "  Son  of  the  morning,71  mentioned  in  Isaiah  xiv.,  12, 13, 
who  sought  to  usurp  the  place  of  the  true  Sun,  rather  than  to  go 
before  him.  This  description  of  the  King  of  Babylon  was  ap- 
plied by  Tertullian  and  others  to  Satan,  and  the  mistake  has  led 
to  the  present  meanings  of  Lucifer.  See  Webster's  Dictionary. — 
6.  Sideris :  the  sun,  governed  by  lucis.  Some  editors  have 
changed  parvi  sideris  to  parvus  oritur,  ajidfulget  tofulgens.-*-10* 
Ipse:  thyself  light  and  perfect  day. — 13.  Rerum  Conditor :  John 
i.,  3—14.  Paternae  gloria:  John  i.,  14;  Heb.i.,  3. — 15.  Gratia: 
ablative  absolute  to  denote  the  time  of  patescunt.  Some  read  ad 
it  a  turn  gratiae;  others  amota  and  pavescunt,  which  Mrs.  Charles 
translates : 

''The  fears  of  whose  removed  grace 
Our  hearts  with  direst  dread  appal." 

A  German  manuscript  has  as  the  fifth  stanza : 

"Tuaquc  sancta  dextera 
Tuere  nos  per  saecula 
Post  huius  vitae  terminum 
Vitam  perennem  tribue." 

19.  Rapientis:  Satan.  Lupus  rapit  wes,  .John  w,  12. — 20.  No 
patescant :  optative  subjunctive,  A.  and  G..  57,  4;   EL,  488,  3. 


HILARIUS,  2-3.  219 

It  has  corpora  understood  for  its  subject,  with  which  ple:%a  and 
gestantia  agree:  fraudibus  is  the  dative  after patescant ;  compare 
that  after  cedo,  H.,  384,  1 ;  A.  and  G.,  51, 1,  2.  Some  read  for  tuo- 
que,  tu  quoque,  and  for  patescant,  patescat. — 21.  Seculis  i.  e.,  secu- 
lar es,  secular  employments.— 24.  Legibus :  in  accordance  with, 
H.,  414,  2 ;  A.  and  G.,  54,  9  ;  G.,  398.-27.  1  Cor.  lit,  16  ;  vi.,  19.— 
31.  Ut  sit:  subjunctive  in  a  subject  clause,  appositive  with  haec; 
H.,  495,  3 ;  A.  and  G.,  70,  4,  f.  Compare  G.,  546.-32.  Into  the 
care  of  night,  through  the  day. 

Worthy  to  be  coupled  with  Hilary's  hymn  are  these  rhythms 
of  Bacon : 

''The  first  creature  of  God  in  the  works  of  the  days  was  the  light  of 
the  sen  e; 
the  last  was  the  light  of  reason  ; 

and  his  Sabbath  work  ever  since  is  the  illumination  of  his  Spirit. 
First  he  breatheth  light  upon  the  face  of  matter,  or  chaos  ; 
then  he  breatheth  light  into  the  face  of  man  ; 

and  still  he  breatheth  and  inspireth  light  into  the  face  of  his  chosen." 

Essay  on  Truth. 

Hymn  II. 

This  hymn  is  in  Daniel's  Thesaurus,  1,2;  Konigsfeld,  2,  2. 

Theme.  Thou  that  nearest  prayer,  in  the  morning  will  we  di- 
rect our  prayers  unto  thee. 

Lilies  1-4.  The  doctrine  of  the  Trinity  is  emphasized  in  this 
stanza. — 17.  The  meter  needs  another  syllable.  Supply  Et  be- 
fore Diem. 

Hymn  III. 

From  an  abecedary  of  twenty -four  stanzas:  Mone,  1,  387; 
Wackernagel,  1,  12.  It  is  mentioned  in  the  edition  of  Hilarius 
referred  to  in  the  first  note  on  Hymn  I.,  as  perhaps  the  evening 
hymn  —  hymnus  serotinus — sent  with  Hymn  I.  to  his  daughter 
Abra.     It  is  also  interesting  for  its  meter. 

Theme.  1-4, 1  am  not  worthy  to  lift  up  mine  eyes  unto  heaven. 
4-8,  I  have  left  undone  that  which  I  ought  to  have  done,  I  have 
clone  that  which  I  ought  not  to  have  done,  9-16,  and  there  is  no 
help  in  me.  17-24,  Lord,  I  believe,  help  thou  mine  unbelief. 
25-32,  I  hate  them  that  hate  thee. 


220  NOTES. 

Lino  15.  Pietas:  See  piissime,  note  on  Hymn  IV.,  line  17. — 
23.  Rogatiya,  prayed  for;  not  in  Andrews's  Latin  Dictionary, 
but  regularly  formed  on  the  supine  rogatum  with  the  passive 
sense;  II.,  828,  5. — 30.  Arrium:  a  variation  of  Arms  (Apeiog). 
This  verse  and  the  one  before  it  are  characteristic  of  the  polemic 
side  of  the  times  of  Hilary.  Anus  was  to  him  the  arch-heretic. 
He  was  born  at  Cyrene,  Africa,  shortly  after  the  middle  of  the 
third  century.  He  denied  that  the  Son  is  coeternal  and  coessen- 
tial  with  the  Father. — Sabellius,  also  a  native  of  Africa,  a  teacher 
at  Ptolemais,  and  cotemporary  with  Anus,  considered  the  Son 
and  Holy  Ghost  to  be  different  manifestations  of  God,  but  not 
separate  persons. — Tmnuin  for  liymnum  ("Yfivoe),  to  bring  in  y; 
so  Xriste  for  Christie  (xpKjrog),  line  25. — 31 .  Simoni?  Simon  Magus ; 
Acts  viii.  See  Simony,  in  Webster.  Sabellius  is  a  dog,  Simon  a 
swine. — 33.  Zelatus  sum,  deponent,  /  have  loved  zeal;  so  zelutus 
est  Dominus  terrain  suam,  Joel  ii.,  18. — 34.  Paraclito,  Paracleto 
(YlapaK\i]Toc),  Greek  rj  beginning  to  sound  like  Latin  i. 

Hymn  IV. 

This  is  in  Stephenson's  Latin  Hymns  of  the  Anglo-Saxon 
Church,  93;  Daniel's  Thesaurus,  1,  6  ;  Mone,  1,  241 ;  Wackerna- 
gel,  1,  55.  It  is  attributed  to  Hilarius  by  Daniel  and  older  edit- 
ors. The  rhymes  and  the  accentual  feet  bespeak  a  much  later 
date  for  the  form  here  given. 

Theme,  Acts  ii.,  the  Pentecost,     See  the  note  on  circulo,  line  15. 

Line  1.  Beata  gaudia,  times  of  Messed  joy.  Mone  would 
read  tempora  for  gaudia  ;  beata  tempora  occurs  in  a  similar  Pente- 
costal hymn  attributed  to  Ambrose. — 4.  Illapsus:  Old  copies 
read  effulsit  in  discipuhs. — 0.  .Figurant:  the  object  of  wbrante. 
—7.  U1  essent:  This  clause  is  the  direct  object  of  detulit,  H.,  558, 
1,  G.  The  accusative  with  the  infinitive  would  be  the  more  com- 
mon construction;  but  here  future  time  is  involved  in  essent. 
Compare  the  English  :  signified  that  the  disciples  should,  be ;  and 
the  Anglo-Saxon  :  M.,  425,  <7.— 9.  Lilians  loquuiitur  omnium: 
This  line  is  in  the  hymn  of  Ambrose  referred  to  above,  line  1. — 
13.  Mystice,  according  to  the  holy  sign,  or  figure  of  the  old 
Jewish  jubilee. — 1 4.  Paschae,  l^ixfn-;  E&strewas  a  heathen  god- 
dess.    Her  leasts  were  celebrated  in  April,  which  was  called  from 


DAMASUS,  6.  221 

her  Edstermonad.  The  name  is  akin  to  east,  Lat.  aurora.  The 
festival  commemorating  the  resurrection  of  Christ  has  in  English 
and  German  received  this  name,  but  other  kindred  nations  use 
Pt'.seJia.  M.,  A. -Sax.  Reader,  p.  78. — 15.  Circulo  :  Some  read  nu- 
■mero.  Fifty  was  the  sacred  circle  of  years  from  jubilee  to  jubilee, 
when  freedom  or  remission  of  debts  and  slavery  came ;  so  the 
Pentecostal  outpouring  of  the  Holy  Spirit  w as  fifty  days  after  the 
passover. — 17.  Piissime,  kindest,  gentlest.  Pius,  used  at  first  for 
love  to  parents,  as  in  Pius  Aeneas,  later  passed  to  the  correspond- 
ing love  and  solicitude  of  parents.  It  was  used  as  an  epithet  of 
the  Roman  emperors  after  M.  Antoninus.  It  carries  with  it,  when 
applied  to  God,  something  of  its  associations  with  imjjerial  clem- 
ency.    It  is  a  favorite  word  in  the  hymns. 

"Mothers  are  kind  because  Thou  art." — George  Herbert. 

18.  Cernuo:  Some  put  a  comma  after  cernuo,  and  read  largire 
as  an  infinitive. — 23.  Dimitte,  forgive,  as  a  debt, — 21.  Quieta, 
full  of  rest  from  sin.  Inswper  et  caro  mea  requiescet  in  sj)e.  Acts 
ii.,  26. 


II.  DAMASUS. 

Life. — Damasus,  pope,  was  of  a  Spanish  family,  but  appears  to 
have  been  born  in  Rome,  306.  His  father  was  a  priest  of  the 
Church  of  St.  Lawrence  in  Rome,  and  Damasus  served  during  his 
early  life  in  the  same  church.  He  was  chosen  bishop  of  Rome  in 
386.  Jerome  was  for  a  time  his  secretary.  He  calls  him  an  in- 
comparable person,  learned  in  the  Scriptures.  Theodoret  places 
him  at  the  head  of  the  famous  doctors  of  the  Latin  Church.  He 
adorned  the  cemeteries  of  the  saints  with  epitaphs  in  verse,  of 
which  about  forty  are  extant.  His  divine  poems  are  often  cele- 
brated along  with  his  singular  learning  and  piety.  He  has  been 
called  the  inventor  of  rhyme,  but  without  satisfactory  evidence. 
He  died  December  10,  384. 

Hymn  I. 

This  hymn  is  in  Daniel's  Thesaurus,  1,  9,  and  it  is  found  in  the 
editions  of  the  works  of  Damasus,  and  in  collections  of  hymns. 


222  NOTES. 

It  is  here  given  partly  for  its  meter,  which  is  unusual,  though 
very  graceful.  It  is  used  by  Prudentius,  for  whom  see  page  51, 
and  by  an  unknown  author  of  much  skill  in  versification,  from 
whom  Mone  gives  two  hymns  (1, 135,  31).  The  rhyme  is  now 
believed  to  indicate  a  later  date  than  that  of  Damasus,  but  the 
adherence  to  classical  quantity  and  other  tests  of  age  indicate  a 
time  not  much  later. 

Theme.  St.  Agatha,  Virgin  and  Martyr. 

Line  1.  Martyris  .  .  .  Agathae:  Palermo  and  Catana,  in  Sicily, 
claim  to  have  been  her  birthplace.  It  is  agreed  that  her  martyr- 
dom was  at  Catana,  in  the  persecution  of  Decius,  A.D.  251.  She 
holds  an  honored  place  in  all  the  martyrologies  of  the  Latins  and 
Greeks.  Her  day  is  February  5. — 3.  Qua  die. — 4.  Duplex :  of 
virgin  and  of  martyr. — 5.  Stirpe :  supply  erat.  "  She  was  of  a  rich 
and  illustrious  family."  Her  beauty  and  wealth  attracted  Quinti- 
anus,  a  man  of  consular  dignity,  and  he  tried  to  gain  her  person  and 
estate  by  means  of  the  edict  against  Christians. — 6.  Actibus  .  . . : 
"  She  had  been  consecrated  to  God  from  her  tender  years.1'  In  the 
hands  of  her  persecutor  she  made  this  prayer :  "  Jesus  Christ, 
Lord  of  all,  you  see  my  heart,  you  know  my  desire.  Possess 
alone  all  that  I  am.  I  am  your  sheep.1' — 9.  Tiris  s  ablative  after 
fortior;  que  connects  the  verses.  After  a  month  of  temptation 
in  the  house  of  Aphrodisia,  a  most  wicked  woman,  Quintianus 
ordered  her  to  be  stretched  on  the  rack,  with  stripes,  tearing 
her  sides  with  iron  hooks,  and  burning  them  with  torches. — 
11.  Pectore:  The  governor,  enraged  to  see  her  bear  all  with 
cheerfulness,  commanded  her  breast  to  be  tortured  and  afterward 
to  be  cut  off,  at  which  she  said  :  Impie,  crudelis  et  dire  tyranne,  non 
es  co?ifusus  amputare  in  femina,  quod  ipse  in  rnatre  mzi&ti. — 12. 
PatulOj  plainly;  quam  valido  pectore  fuerit,  of  how  stout  a  heart 
she  was. — 13.  She  was  remanded  to  prison,  and  there  the  apostle 
Peter  appeared  to  her  in  vision,  comforted  her,  healed  all  her 
wounds,  and  filled  her  dungeon  with  a  heavenly  light. — 15.  Fla- 
grans,  Ardent^  for  martyrdom.  — 10.  Flagella  currere,  to  run 
a  gauntlet;  German,  spitzruthm  layfen;  here  figurative  p<tss<<l 
through  all  torments.  She  was  rolled  over  Live  coals  mixed  with 
potsherds,  then  thanking  God  who  had  given  her  patience  to  suf- 
fer, "  she  sweetly  gave   up  the  ghost,'1— 17.  Ethuica,  heathen. 


AMBROSIUS,  8.  223 

It  has  been  thought  a  mistake  for  JEtnaea,  belonging  to  Mount 
iEtna.  The  Romish  authors  relate  the  turning  aside  of  the  tor- 
rent of  fire  from  iEtna  and  the  saving  of  Catana  by  the  aid  of  St. 
Agatha's  veil ;  rogumfxgiens^ee'mg  death. — 18,  Hums,  Agatha; 
ipsa,  turba.  — 19,  Quos,  his,  Christians,  the  faithful,  contrasted 
with  the  heathen  crowd. — 20.  Ipsa,  Agatha ;  Venerem  premat,  ex- 
tinguish lust,  whose  flames  are  worse  than  those  of  iEtna ;  opta- 
tive subjunctive. — 21,  Renitens,  struggling,  wrestling;  others 
read  renidens,  "  radiant  as  a  bride  of  heaven." — 22.  For  Domino, 
some  read  Damaso ;  and  for  supplica,  rogita. — 24.  Se :  as  he, 
Christ,  may  favor  those  worshiping  himself,  like  Agatha. — 25. 
The  last  stanza  has  perhaps  been  added  in  later  times. — 28. 
Hanc,  Agatha. 


III.  AMBROSIUS  et  AMBROSIANI. 

Life. — St.  Ambrose  was  born  about  340,  probably  at  Treves  in 
Gaul.  His  father  was  prefect  of  Gaul.  He  began  his  career  as 
an  advocate  at  Milan,  and  rose  to  be  consular  prefect  of  Liguria, 
370.  On  the  death  of  the  bishop  Auxentius  there  was  a  fierce 
contest  between  the  Arians  and  Catholics.  While  Ambrose  was 
trying  to  repress  the  tumult,  a  child  cried  out  in  the  assembly, 
"Let  Ambrose  be  bishop."  He  was  a  layman,  but  finally  accept- 
ed the  office,  374.  He  vigorously  opposed  the  Arians.  He  re- 
fused to  yield  up  churches  for  their  use.  The  imperial  troops  be- 
sieged the  people  in  the  church  at  Milan.  Then,  it  is  said,  was 
first  introduced  into  the  Western  Church  the  responsive  chanting 
of  hymns.  Doctrinal  hymns  of  Ambrose  resounded  through  the 
city.  He  died  in  397,  after  a  life  of  great  controversial  influence, 
and  an  authority  which  he  used  against  the  emperors  themselves. 
See  the  account  of  his  treatment  of  Theodosius  in  the  classical 
dictionaries. 

There  is  a  large  body  of  hymns  current  under  the  name  of  Am- 
brosian,  but  only  a  few  of  them  are  known  to  be  his.  Tbe  name 
was  freely  given  to  all  hymns  thought  to  be  in  his  manner. 
Twelve  are  pointed  out  with  some  confidence  as  his.  They  are 
almost  all  the  simplest  thoughts  in  the  simplest  forms  of  meter, 


224 


NOTES. 


the  voice  of  the  whole  Church.     For  further  interesting  particu- 
lars, see  Mrs.  Charles's  Christian  Life  in  Song,  chap.  y. 

Hymn  I. 

In  Daniel.  1,15  Wackernagel,  1,  16;  Trench,  243.  There  are 
many  translations;  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.90; 
Hymns  of  the  Ages,  p.  G.  Augustine,  the  contemporary  of  Am- 
brose, distinctly  ascribes  this  hymn  to  him.  Retract  1  21  ■ 
Trench,  243. 

Theme.  Thoughts  at  cock-crowing.  Similar  thoughts  are  ex- 
pressed in  prose  by  Ambrose.     Hexaem.,  xxiv.,  88. 

Galli  cantus  . . .  et  dormientem  excitat,  et  sollicitum  admonet,  et  vinntem 
solatur,  processum  noctis  canora  signification  protestans.  Hoc  canente 
latro  suas  relinquit  insidias ;  hoc  ipse  lucifer  excitatas  oritur,  coelumque 
ffluminat;  hoc  canente  moestitiam  trepidus  nauta  deponit;  omnisque 
crebro  vespertinis  flatibns  excitata  tempestas  et  procella  mitescit ;  .  .  . 
hoc  postrerao  canente  ipsa  Ecclesiae  Petra  culpam  suam  diluit  etc 
Trench,  243. 

Line  1.  Conditor,  a  frequent  word  for  Creator,  especially  in 
Gregory  the  Great.  It  suggests  plan  and  framing.— 3.  "  With  or- 
dered times  dividing  times."— 7.  His  crowing  marks  the  hours 
for  travelers  in  the  night,  as  the  sun  does  in  the  day.— 8.  Soctem 
a  nocte,  separating  the  night  into  parts.— 0.  Lucifer :  this  the 
lovers  of  allegory  interpreted  of  Christ,  making  John  the  Bap- 
tist the  praeco.— 11.  Errorum:  Trench  reads  emmum,  and  com- 
pares a  stanza  of  Prudentius: 

"Fernnt  vagantes  daemones 

Laetos  tenebris  noctium, 

Gallo  canente  exterritos 

Sparsim  timere  et  cedere." 
Compare  Hamlet,  1,  1.— 15.  Matthew  xxvi.,  75  ;  xvi.,  18 ;  yet  Am- 
brose says:  Fides  ergo  est  Ecclesiae  fnndanicntum :  non  enim  de 
came  Petri,  sed  de  fide  dictum  est,  quia  portae  mortis  ei  non 
praevalebunt.  Incarn.  Dom.,  5;  Trench,  244.— 17.  Suramins: 
the  cock  became  in  the  Middle  Ages  the  standing  emblem  of  a 
preacher.  As  the  lion  was  said  to  be  unable  to  withstand  the 
crowing  of  the  cock,  so  Satan,  the  roaring  lion,  tied  preaching. 
Ambrose,  Hexaem  vi.,4.     As  the  cock  rouses  himself  by  clapping 


AMBROSIUS,  9-11.  225 

his  wings  on  his  own  sides  before  he  rouses  others,  so  the  preach- 
er. Gregory;  Trench,  245.— 20.  In  allusion  to  Peter. — 26.  In  al- 
lusion to  Luke  xxii.,  61 :  And  the  Lord  turned  and  looked  upon 
Peter. — 28.  Luke  xxii.,  G2. — 32.  Et  ore,  some  read :  Et  vota  sol- 

yamus  tibi. 

Hymn  II. 

In  Daniel,  1,17;  Mone,  1,  381 ;  Wackernagel,  1,  15  ;  it  is  refer- 
red to  by  Augustine,  Confess.,  ix.,  12.  See  Mrs.  Charles's  Christian 
Life  in  Song,  page  85,  where  the  affecting  passage  from  Augus- 
tine is  given,  describing  the  remembrance  of  the  verses  as  he  was 
alone  in  his  bed  on  the  morning  after  his  mother's  burial.  The 
translation  of  the  whole  hymn,  which  is  there  promised,  I  do  not 
rind  in  my  edition — New  York,  Carter  &  Brothers,  1867. 

Theme.  Thanks  and  prayer  to  the  giver  and  guardian  of  sleep. 

Line  2,  Testiens  gratia  soporis5  a  felicitous  expression  not 
easily  imitated.  "  Blessed  be  he  that  invented  sleep.  It  wraps 
a  man  up  like  a  blanket,"  said  Sancho  Panza. 

"Maker  of  all,  the  Lord 

And  Ruler  of  the  height, 
Who,  robing  day  in  light,  hast  poured 

Soft  slumbers  o'er  the  night, 
That  to  our  limbs  the  power 

Of  toil  may  be  renewed, 
And  hearts  be  raised  that  sink  and  cower, 

And  sorrows  be  subdued;".  .  .  — Parker's  Aug.Conj. 

11.  Yotis,  ablative  of  accompaniment.  Others  read  wti  reos, 
those  bound  by  vow\ — 26.  Alta5  depths,  subject  of  somnient. — 
31-32.  Uimin,  adv. ;  some  read  unus;  potens  Trinitas,  vocative. 

Hymn  III. 

Daniel,  1,  24;  Mone,  1,  373;  Wackernagel,  1,  13;  Grimm,  iii. ; 
and  elsewhere. 

Theme.  God-Christ  the  light  of  the  world. 

Line  1.  Compare  Hilary,  page  1,  line  14,  and  so  other  pas- 
sages.— 5.  Illabere,  imperat.;  Hilary,  page  5,  line  4.— 18.  Casto, 
Castam  (Mon e) .     O  th ers  read : 

"  Sit  pura  nobis  castitas." 

K  2 


226  NOTES. 

23.  Sobriam  ebrietatem :  the  expression  is  in  Augustine,  Senno 
34.  2.  Deus  de  vino  invisibili  inebriet  nos  (Augustine  in  evang. 
John  i.,  8,  §  3).  Christ  is  the  vine  and  wine  as  well  as  the  bread : 
bonus  hospes  vos  esurientes  invenit,  pascit  vos;  sitientes  invenit, 
inebriat  vos  (Augustine).  Qui  laetatur  in  domino  et  cantat  laudes 
domino  magna  exsultatione,  nonne  ebrio  similis  est  ?  probo  istam 
ebrietatem.  August.,  Serm.  225,  4;  Mone,  1,  112. — 30.  Aurora: 
ablative  after  prodeat,  H.,  422,  2  ;  A.  and  G.,  54, 1,  b.  lotus,  the 
whole  Godhead,  the  whole  sun.  Let  the  ichole  come  forth  from 
the  dawn.  The  language  is  colored  by  the  figurative  meaning  of 
Aurora  familiar  to  the  fathers,  i.  e.,  the  Virgin  Mary. 

Hymn  IV. 

Daniel,  1,  12;  Mone,  1,  42;  Wackernagel,  1,16;  Trench, p.87. 
In  one  of  Augustine's  sermons  (372,  3)  he  quotes  a  stanza  as  hav- 
ing just  been  sung  in  the  church  :  Hunc  nostri  Gigantis  excursum 
brevissime  ac  pulcherrime  cecinit  beatus  Ambrosius  in  liymno 
quern  paulo  ante  cantastis  (Trench,  p.  89).  It  has  been  called  the 
best  of  the  Hymns  of  Ambrose  by  Dr.  ScharT,  ufull  of  faith,  rug- 
ged vigor,  austere  simplicity,  and  bold  contrasts."  It  has  been 
imitated  or  translated  often  in  many  languages :  in  German  by 
Luther  (Nu  Jcoram  der  Heiden  Heiland),  John  Frank  (Komm,  Hei- 
denheiland,  Lbsegcld),  whose  version  Trench  calls  one  of  the 
choicest  treasures  of  the  German  hymn-book,  and  Bunsen  Noch 
tiefer  und  lieblicher  ah  das  lutein  ische.  There  are  several  English 
translations.    SchafT,  p.  9 ;  Mrs.  Charles,  Christ.  Life  in  Song,  p.  97. 

Theme,  The  advent  of  Christ. 

Line  1.  In  a  few  manuscripts  the  hymn  begins  with  the  follow- 
ing stanza : 

"Intende,  qui  regis  Israhel, 
Super  cherubim  qui  sedes, 
Appare  Ephrem,  coram  excita 
Potentiam  tuam  et  veni !" 

This  is  nearly  in  the  words  of  Psalm  lxxix.,  1-3 :  Qui  regis  Israel, 
intende!  qui  sedes  super  chervMm,  manifestare  coram  Eph/rem,  Ben- 
jamin, et  Manasst  !  Excita  potentiam  tuam  et  rod.  This  Psalm 
[g  used  on  the  first  Advent  Sunday,  and  the  passage  was  under- 
stood to  refer  to  Christ  by  Athanasius  (Mone,  1,44).     For  the 


AMBKOSIUS,  13.  227 

fitness  of  beginning  with  his  being  a  Savior  for  the  Jews,  com- 
pare Matthew  x.,  5,  6 ;  Acts  xiii.,  46.-6.  Mystico,  of  the  Holy 
Spirit ;  symbolized  and  holy.  Compare  Genesis  ii.,  7 :  Inspiravit 
spiraculum  vitae. — 10,  Claustrum  :  see  note  on  p.  240,  Hymn 
XX.,  lines  13, 15.  Others  read  claustra,  like  the  Greek,  of  which 
it  is  an  imitation,  7rap$eviaQ  rd  KXelZpa. — 11.  Yirtutuni :  others 
virtutis,  an  apposite  genitive.  H.,  396,  v.;  A.  and  G.,  50,  1,  f; 
G.,  359.  The  virtues  of  the  Virgin  are  the  banners  of  God,  as 
or'  an  emperor,  present  with  her : 

"Casta,  Tacens,  Residens,  Operans,  Humilis,  Pia,  Prudens, 
Hoc  septiformi  munere  virgo  micat." 

Hugo  Cardinalis,  Daniel,  1,13. 

12.  Templo:  Castus  alvus  beatae  Mariae. — 13.  Psalm  xix.,  5. 
Tanquam  sponsus  procedens  de  thalamo  suo,  exultavit  ut  gigas  ad 
currendam  viam. — 15.  Gigas:  associated  by  Ambrose  with  Gen- 
esis vi.,  4,  which  the  early  Church  interpreted  as  meaning  that 
the  Giants  were  geminae  substantiae,  born  of  angels  and  women. 
They  thus  became  types  of  Christ.  Ambrose  enlarges  on  the 
thought.  De.  Incarn.  Dom.,  c.  5;  Trench,  p.  88.— 17.  This  stanza 
follows  the  suggestion  of  the  19th  Psalm;  compare  also  John 
xvi.,  28. — 19.  Inferos  s  The  descent  of  Christ  to  Hades  was  made 
the  starting-point  of  a  cycle  of  tales.  1  Peter  iii.,  19  was  thought 
to  refer  to  this  descent. — 22.  Tropaeo :  the  fathers  are  fond  of 
calling  the  risen  body  of  Christ  the  trophy  of  his  victory  over 
Satan  and  death.  Cingere,  passive,  thou  art  clothed. — 24-.  Perpe- 
tim :  others  perpeti,  strengthening  with  everlasting  strength  the 
iceaknesses  of  our  body. — 25.  Praesepe  :  Thus  in  the  Evangel.  In- 
fant., ch.  3,  some  enter  the  cave  where  the  new-born  child  is  laid 
— et  ecce  repleta  erat  ilia  luminibus,  lucernarum  et  candelarum 
fulgoribus  excedentibus,  et  solari  luce  majoribus.  Trench,  p.  90. — 
26.  Night  represents  Judaism,  in  which  appears  a  new  light, 
which  no  night  shall  interrupt.  The  second  nox  has  its  common 
patristic  reference  to  Satan.  Ambrose  elsewhere  says :  Sine  in- 
terpolatione  noctium  dies  perpetuus  ille  (Mone,  1,  45).     Jugi,  an 

adjective. 

Hymn  V, 

In  Daniel,  1,  43;  Wackernagel,  1,  13;  Grimm,  v.;  and  in  the 
most  ancient  manuscripts  and  collections.     Wackernagel  puts  it 


w228  NOTES. 

first  among  the  hymns  of  Ambrose,  but  on  no  very  strong  evi- 
dence.    It  is  remarkable  for  its  perfect  simplicity. 

Hymn  VI. 

In  Daniel,  1,  20;  Wackernagel,  1,  22;   Beda,  De  Metris,  has 

1-24,  33-40.  Beda  says  they  are  by  Ambrose,  and  he  has  been  fol- 
lowed by  the  other  authorities.  Gervinus,  in  his  history  of  Ger- 
man literature  (3,  18),  says  that  more  beautiful  songs  than  this 
and  the  following  have  hardly  ever  been  made. 

Theme.  A  drouth  ;  a  prayer  for  rain. 

Line  1.  Soli,  genitive. — 3.  Runs:  Beda  reads  roris.  Supply 
est. — 9.  Dies:  supply  est. — 11.  Fessis,  the  birds,  especially. — 
13.  Yentis:  supply  rectudunt  from  15:  open  their  moutlis  to  the 
winds.  — 17.  Repeat  recusal >;  Pignora= foetus,  — 18.  Siti,  cause 
after  fessa.  Recusat,  she  has  no  food  for  them. — 24.  Fletus,  ob- 
ject of  bibentes. — 27.  Yersat,  mumbles. — 28.  Herbis,  ablative  of 
separation  after  fraudatum.  H.,  425,  3,  4;  A.  and  G.,  54,  1. — 39. 
Heliae,  bad  spelling  for  Eliae.  See  1  Kings  xviii. ;  meritis,  the 
cause  or  reason ;  pluvid,  the  means.  A.  and  G.,  51,  1,  c. — 42.  Qui : 
supply  es  .  .  .  gloria  sit  semper  tibi  cum  Genito  Christo  compar 

Sancto  Spiritui. 

Hymn  VII. 

See  Hymn  VI.     Beda  has  verses  1-8,  33-40. 

Theme.  A  tempest  and  flood  ;  a  prayer  for  fair  weather. 

Line  1.  Coeli,  limits  nubila. — 2.  Sole,  absolute. — 4.  Carpimus, 
so  it  is  sometimes  said  in  English  :  Ave  are  enjoying  a  long  spell 
of  bad  weather. — 5.  Aether  (lira,  a  poetic  feminine,  as  Gr.  ai$r)p 
often  is.  The  expressions  are  drawn  from  heathen  poets:  micat 
ignibus  aether,  Virgil,  iEn.,  1,  94;  igni  corusco.  Horace,  ('arm.,  1, 
34,  6. — G.  Caroline  for  pole,  Ovid,  Pont.,  2,  10,  45. — 7.  Porta  tonat 
coeli,  Virgil,  Georg.,  3,  261.— 8.  Axis  aethercus.  Ovid,  Met.,  6.  175. 
— 9-24.  Compare  a  similar  description  in  Ovid,  Met.,  1,  262+. — 
13-10.  For  the  style,  compare  lines  13-16,  17-20,  in  the  former 
hymn  :  satis,  vitibus,  dative  after  hospes,  a  word  of  remoteness,  like 
an  adjective.  A.  and G., 51,6;  II..  391, 2,  3. — 24.  Piscium  et  summa 
genus  haesit  in  ulrrw,  Nota  qucu  sedesfuerat  columbis.  Bo  rat.,  Od., 
ii..  '2.  '.),  10. — 27 -2S.  Still  as  she  is  borne  away,  the  mother-bird 
Cares  for  her  nest,  and  fearfully  gathers  the  older  of  her  young.— 


AMBROSIUS,  16-18.  229 

29.  Fenestris:  supply  spectat. — 30.  Feminei  \m&oris=femi)iaru?7i 
pudicarum. — 34.  Aetas,  of  Noah. — 37.  Genesis  viii.,  11. 

Hymn  VIII. 

In  Daniel,  1,49  ;  Mone,  1,  222  ;  Wackemagel,  1,  17  ;  translation 
by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  102. 

Theme.  The  events  of  the  clay  of  Crucifixion  as  seen  on  Easter. 

Paschali,  originally  the  Passover,  then  the  festival  commem- 
orating the  resurrection  of  Christ.  Called  Easter  in  England  and 
Germany,  from  the  heathen  goddess  Echtre,  whose  festival  was 
displaced  by  the  Pascha. — Line  5.  Perditis :  Mone  reads  perfdis, 
referring  it  to  the  Jews. — 8.  Luke  xxiii.,  43. — 9.  Qui,  latro. — 11. 
Iustus:  others  read  iustos,  and  in  the  next  line  praevenit,  "  goes 
to  heaven  before  the  just,"  i.  e.,  the  patriarchs,  who  being  in  pur- 
gatory, and  released  by  Christ  after  his  crucifixion,  did  not  enter 
heaven  so  soon  as  the  thief— -praemo  gradu,  by  an  ascent  before 
Christ,  or,  in  the  other  reading,  before  the  patriarchs. — 15.  Ad- 
haerentem  s  union  with  Christ  is  the  source  of  all  blessedness. 
Participatione  Dei  Jit  anima  oeata.  Augustine,  Div.  Quaest.,  35,  2. 
— 25.  Mors,  death  temporal,  then  death  spiritual,  and  Satan ; 
et  nomen  illi  Mors,  Apocal.,  vi.,  8,  interpreted  of  Satan  by  Greg- 
ory and  others. — H 21  mum  :  the  language  is  drawn  from  Job  xli., 
1.  The  fathers,  somehow,  made  Leviathan  the  devil.  The  verse 
refers  to  the  belief  of  the  fathers  that  Satan,  ignorant  of  the  di- 
vinity of  Christ,  instigated  the  Jewish  priests  to  put  him  to  death, 
and  was  therein  completely  deceived,  since  this  death  was  the 
life  of  men.  He  swallowed  the  hook  and  bound  himself  with 
cords.  Christus  hamo  suae  dignitatis  perforata  maxillam  ipsius 
diaboli,  cum  diaoolus  volcbat  capere  escam  carnis  Cliristi.  Mone,  1, 
195. — 29.  When  death  has  passed  upon  all,  and  destroyed  the 
carnal  nature,  spiritual  death  itself  can  no  longer  exist,  since  it 
can  not  affect  the  new  life  which  comes  from  Christ. 

Hymn  IX. 

Daniel,  1,  19;  Mone,  1,  75;  Wackernagel,  1,  17.  It  is  by  all 
attributed  to  Ambrose. 

Theme.  The  manifestation  of  the  divine  power  in  Christ ;  the 
theophany. 


230  NOTES. 

The  ancient  Christians  celebrated  the  Epiphany — the  day  of 
Christ's  appearance  to  the  wise  men  of  the  East,  or  of  the  appear- 
ance of  his  star — as  the  birth-day  of  his  divine  energies. 

Line  1.  The  resemblance  between  natural  light  and  spiritual 
strikes  all  mankind,  and  pervades  all  these  hymns,  and  is  emi- 
nently Biblical.  See  notes  on  Hilary,  p.  218 ;  Hebrews  vi.,  4  ;  and 
elsewhere. — 5.  Myxtico,  connected  with  holy  types  and  prophe- 
cies. It  may  be  translated  mystic.  The  stanza  alludes  to  the 
belief  that  at  the  baptism  of  Christ  the  waters  of  the  Jordan  re- 
treated in  awe.  This  belief  is  often  referred  to  by  the  fathers,  and 
associated  with  Psalm  cxiii.,  5  :  Mare  vidit,  etfugit;  Jordan  is  con- 
versus  est  retrorsum;  from  the  first  part  of  which  a  comparison 
with  the  passage  of  the  Red  Sea  grewr  up,  and  the  evil  nature,  or 
Satan,  like  Pharaoh,  was  said  to  be  drowned  by  the  waters  of 
the  baptism  of  Christ.  Compare  Hymn  XL,  3,  12,  on  page  33. — 
11.  Hac  die,  the  Epiphany,  celebrated  on  the  12th  day  after 
Christmas.  Matt,  ii.,  2.  Adoratum,  supine,  to  adore  the  manger, 
i.  e.,  Christ  in  the  manger.  Others  read  ad  oratum,  to  the  manger 
to  pray  or  worship. — 13-16.  John  ii.,  1-11.  Minister  conscius. 
John  ii.,  9. — 17.  Supply  minister. — 18.  Inehriare:  see  note  on 
Hymn  III.  of  Ambrosius,  line  23.— 21.  John  vi.,  9-13.— 28.  Most 
old  copies  read  fontium,  the  constant  Sowings  of  fountains.  Mone 
and  some  others  say  this  is  meaningless,  and  read  faucium;  but 
the  winder  where  the  supply  of  water  comes  from  to  a  spring  is 
quite  like  that  about  the  supply  of  bread  to  the  breakers  of  the 
loaves,  and  more  poetical  than  the  continued  wagging  of  jaws. — 
30.  Profluus,  flowing  forth  into  existence.— 31.  Fragments  which 
they  had  never  broken,  glide  untouched  to  (the  hands  of)  the 
men. 


AMBROSIANI. 
Hymns  ascribed  to  Ambrose  were  called  Amlrosiani.nnd  many 
hymns  not  written  by  him  have  received  the  name  by  mistake. 
Bui  it  was  also  often  used  to  denote  a  kind  of  hymns,  like  the 
hymns  o/Anibrose^  in  meter,  style,  and  ancient  use.  In  this  way 
large  collections  of  hymns,  many  of  which  no  one  supposed  were 
written  by  Ambrose,  were  known  as  Anibro&iani,     A  strong  sci- 


AMBROSIANI,  20,  21.  231 

entific  method  would  reject  the  word  altogether.  But  it  has  a 
certain  historical  interest,  and  is  used  here  for  a  class  of  early 
hymns  which  have  been  associated  with  Ambrose,  but  are  now 
regarded  as  the  work  of  unknown  authors.  They  are  mostly  of 
the  fifth  or  sixth  century. 

Hymn  I. 

In  Wackernagel,  1,  24  ;  Mrs.  Charles's  Christian  Life  In  Song, 
p.  20,  and  every  where.  There  is  a  legend  of  early  origin  that 
Ambrose  composed  and  sang  the  Te  Deum  by  sudden  inspiration 
as  he  baptized  Augustine.  It  is  also  told  that  they  sang  it  in  re- 
sponses from  a  common  inspiration.  It  is  generally  believed  to 
have  been  a  gradual  growth  from  Greek  morning  hymns  and  the 
Bible.  It  is  rhythmical  prose.  There  is  a  metrical  version  of  it, 
which  is  translated  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p. 
96. 

Theme.  The  universe  praising  God. 

Line  2.  Aetemum  Patrem:  compare  Isaiah  ix.,  6.  This  is  the 
name  whereby  he  shall  be  called  :  Almighty  God,  Everlasting  Fa- 
ther, Prince  of  Peace  (Mrs.  Charles,  p.  20) ;  but  the  Latin  reads  for 
Everlasting  Father,  Pater  futuri  saeculi. — 3.  Coeli  Potestates,  Coloss. 
i.,  16;  Romans  viii.,  38. — 5.  Isaiah  vi.,  3;  Rev.  iv.,  4-8. — 12. 
Candidate,  Rev.  vii.,  13,  14. — 14, 15.  Suscepturus,  non:  others 
read  sweepisti,  nee. — 16,  17.  1  Cor.  xv.,  55-57. — 10.  Crederis, 
passive ;  thou  art  stated  in  our  creed. — 22.  In  gloria  numerari ; 
others  read  gloria  munerari.  Supply  f amnios. — 23,  21.  Verbatim, 
Psalm  xxviii.,  9. — 29,30.  Psalm  cxix.,  41,  42:  veniat  super  me 
miser icordia  tua,  Domine  . .  .  quia  speravi  in  sermonibus  tuis.  Com- 
pare verse  76  of  the  same  Psalm :  Fiat  misericord ia,  etc. — 31. 
Verbatim,  Psalm  xxxi.,  1. 

Hymn  II. 

In  Daniel's  Thesaurus,  1,  81;  Mone,  1,  99;  Wackernagel,  1, 
53.  It  is  early,  but  there  is  no  special  evidence  which  connects 
it  with  Ambrose.  It  is  probably  of  the  fifth  century.  Translated 
by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  99.  It  is  a  narrative 
hymn,  suggesting  old  ballads,  and  made  up  mostly  of  Scripture 
expressions. 


232  NOTES. 

Theme.  The  Passion  of  Christ. 

Line  3.  Crucis  pntibulo,  genitive  of  appositivc,  II.,  39G,  v;  ab- 
lative of  instrument. — 5,  G.  Others  read  decurso,  quo. — 15.  Ut,  as. 
— 13.  Pessimus  mereator :  In  the  ancient  German  hymns  pity  is 
mingled  with  their  execration  of  Judas: 

" 0  da  armer  Iudas,  was  hastu  getan, 
Dass  du  ansern  herrn  also  verraten  hast  ? 
Des  must u  in  der  helle 

Immer  leiden  pein, 
Lucifers  geselle 
Mustu  ewig  seirt." 

Das  Iudaslied,  Daniel's  Thesaurus,  1,  82. 

32.  Quam,  Christ's  life,  which  is  the  life  not  only  of  the  world  in 
a  general  sense,  but  of  those  who  are  quickened  from  spiritual 
death.     Others  read  quern,  Christ. 

Hymn  III. 

Daniel,  1,  27;  Wackernagel,  1,57;  Trench,  p.  210.  It  is  given 
by  the  Benedictine  edition  of  Ambrose,  and  by  Beda,  Be  re  me- 
trica,  174,  and  reckoned  among  the  hymns  of  Ambrose,  or  at  least 
the  Arribro&iani.  In  the  Roman  Breviary,  stanzas  1,  2,  6,  7  are  ex- 
tracted for  a  hymn  to  the  Apostles.     Mone,  3, 143. 

Theme.  The  martyrs. 

Line  11.  Compendio:  quia  mors  illafuerit  via  compendia  via  ad 
assequendam  vitam  beatam. — 13.  Heb.  xi.,  33-38. — 15.  Ungulis: 
See  note  on  Damasus,  line  9,  p.  222. — 24.  John  xiv.,  30. 

Hymn  IV. 

Daniel,  1,  G2  ;  Mone,  1,  232  ;  Stephenson,  Latin  Hymns,  p.  89  ; 
translated  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  104.  It  has 
often  been  confidently  ascribed  to  Ambrose  (Gallandus  Bibl.  Patr., 
7,  772),  but  critical  judgment  assigns  it  to  the  sixth  or  seventh 
century. 

Theme.  The  Ascension  of  Christ.     Acts  i.,  9. 

Line  5.  Asoendcns,  etc.,  Ephesians  iv.,8. — 10.  Mimdi  prinripe, 
John  xiv..  30.  12.  Gloriam:  "Christus  per  carnem  assumptam 
debellato  diabolo  victor  evasit,  ipFamque  glorificatain  carnem 
tandem  coelo  intulit." — Clichtoveus.     Compare  Carnis  tropaeo, 


AMBROSIANI,  24,  25.  233 

page  13,  Hymn  IV.,  line  22,  and  the  note,  as  also  the  lines  quoted 
below,  line  23. — 13.  Acts  i.,  9 :  Redemtor  noster  non  curru,  non 
angelis  sublevatus  legitur,  quia  is,  qui  fecerat  omnia,  nimirum 
super  omnia  sua  virtute  fercbatur.  Gregory,  Horn,  in  Evang.,  2, 
29, 5 ;  Mone,  1, 232. — 16.  Protoplastus,  Adam ;  others  protoplasti, — 
19.  Sputa,  etc.,  frequent  combination  in  the  hymns  and  else- 
where.    Mark  xv.,  19,  20.— 23-25.  Compare 

— "  resultant 
Coelestes  in  laudes  chori,  cum  rector  Olympi 
Evehit  excelsis,  quicquid  suscepit  ab  imis 
Ingrediensque  polum  carnis  coniitante  tropaeo: 
Exuvias  atri  raptas  de  fauce  profundi 
Lucis  in  arce  locat  terrenosque  erigit  artus.^ 

Abator,  Hist.  Ap.,  1,  30. 

31, 32.  Tali  quae  possit,  H.,  500,  2 ;  A.  and  G.,  65, 1  :  "  Ascenda- 
mus  cum  Christo  corde,  cum  dies  eius  promissus  advenerit,  se- 
quemur  et  corpore.  Scire  tamen  debemus,  quia  cum  Christo  non 
ascendit  superbia,  non  avaritia,  non  luxuria,  nullum  vitium  nos- 
trum ascendit  cum  medico  nostro."     Augustine  de  Ascens.,  2; 

Daniel,  1,  63. 

Hymn  V. 

Daniel,  1,  63;  Mone,  1,  230;  Wackernagel,  1,  55;  Stephenson, 
Latin  Hymns,  p.  83 ;  and  elsewhere.  Translated  by  Mrs.  Charles,  p. 
105.  It  has  been  often  confidently  attributed  *to  Ambrose  (Gal- 
landus,Bibl.Patr.,7,  772). 

It  is  called  suavissimus  liymnus,  and  in  a  somewhat  modified 
form  it  is  still  intoned  with  special  solemnity  and  reverence  in 
the  Roman  service  on  Ascension  day. 

Theme.  The  Ascension  of  Christ. 

Line  4.  In  fine  temporum,  Hebrews  ix.,  26. — 9.  The  descent 
to  Hades  is  referred  to.  See  Hymn  IV.  of  Ambrose,  line  19,  on 
page  13,  and  the  note. — 13.  Pietas,  the  love  of  a  father  or  elder 
brother. — 15.  Parcendo,  by  sparing,  i.  e.,  by  thy  mercy. — compotes 
voti,  possessed  of  our  prayer,  i.  e.,  having  our  sins  subdued. — 10o 
Saties:  compare  ego  satiahor  cum  apparuerit  gloria  tua.  Psalm 
xvi.,  15. 


234  NOTES. 

Hymn  \'I. 

In  Daniel,  1,  40;  in  some  of  the  oldest  manuscripts,  and  in 
many  old  collections;  translation  by  Mrs.  Charles.  Christian  Lite 
in  Song,  p.  93. 

Theme*  The  sixth  hour  and  the  crucifixion.     Luke  xxiii.,44. 

Lines  1-4.  Mrs.  Charles  translates: 

"With  silent  step  we  see  to-day 

The  noontide  hour  before  us  glide ; 

Day,  poised  upon  her  course  midway, 

Looks  to  the  night  on  either  side." 

18.  Hoc  tempore,  Genesis  xviii.,  1. — 20.  Genesis  xviii.,  2,  3. — 
21.  John  iv.,  0,  23. — 25.  Paul,  Acts  xxii.,  0. — 30.  Supply  sunt. — 
38.  Peracta,  others  peraeto. 

Hymn  VII. 

Daniel,  1,  3G ;  Wackernagel,  1,  52.  Often  attributed  to  Am- 
brose, and  sometimes  referred  to  as  the  earliest  poem  fully 
rhymed.  The  rhymes  lead  the  later  critics  to  give  it  a  later  date — 
the  fifth  century.  The  last  stanza  is  later  still — an  added  doxolo- 
gy.  The  translation  by  Luther  is  a  favorite:  Der  du  hist  drei  in 
einiglceit. 

Theme.  The  sun  leaves  us,  be  Thou  our  light. 

Line  7.  Xostni  gupplex  gloria*,  i.  e.,nos  supjMces  inter  coelices, 
our  glorified  spirits  in  suppliance  praise. 

Hymn  VIII. 

Grimm,  xvi. ;  Daniel,  1,  33;  Mone,  1,  92;  Wackernagel,  1,  83. 
Translated  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  92.  There 
are  very  ancient  German  versions,  as  well  as  modern.  It  is  proba- 
bly of  the  seventh  century. 

Theme.  Christ,  who  art  the  true  light,  keep  thy  servant  through 
the  night. 

Completorinm.  an  adjective  noun,  the  completing  service.     - 
Webster:  trnnpletory^tmnpUne.     It  is  for  the  last  service  of  the  day 
dining    Lent.     line  1.  Compare   Hilary's   morning   hymn,  page 
1. — 3,  4.  Mone  reads  from  a  manuscript  of  the  eighth  century: 


AMBROSIANI,  29-33.  235 

"Lucifer  lucem  proferens, 
Vitam  beatam  tribue." 

For  the  use  of  Lucifer  for  Christ,  see  Hilary's  hymn,  as  above. — 
Crederis,  passive. — 4.  Lumen,  the  radiance  of  lux. — 11.  Illi,  Sa- 
tan.— 14.  Ego  dormio  et  cor  meum  vigilat.  Canticles  v.,  2. — 22. 
Gravis  est  sarcina  corruptions.  Gregorius,  Mor.,  12,  17  ;  Mone,  1, 
93. 

Hymn  IX. 

Daniel,  1,  42;  translation  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in 
Song,  p.  94.  It  is  found  in  one  of  the  very  old  manuscripts,  that 
of  the  Queen  of  Sweden,  and  is  put  among  the  Ambrosiani  by 
Daniel,  but  is  late. 

Theme.  Midnight  in  the  Bible  history.     Exodus  xi. 

Line  9, 10.  Quod,  subject  of  delevit. — 21.  Nos  verus  Israel. 
Romans  ix.,  6,  25. — 40.  Matthew  xxv. — 41.  Acts  xvi.,  25. — 49. 
Hagie :  Greek,  ayiog,  holy. 

Hymn  X. 

Daniel,  1,  107;  Wackernagel,  1,  84;  and  many  old  editors.  It 
is  put  by  Daniel  among  the  Ambrosiani,  by  Wackernagel  in  the 
seventh  century.  The  meter,  three  Sapphics  and  an  Adonic,  is 
familiar  to  the  readers  of  Horace,  and  the  style  is  colored  by  imi- 
tation of  the  heathen  writers. 

Theme.  The  dedication  of  a  church. 

Line  2.  Ab  ore,  from  the  source,  or,  as  the  Word,/;w?i  the  mouth. 
— 9.  Rite,  in  due  form. — 11.  Corpus  assumit,  partake  the  conse- 
crated body  (of  Christ). — 16.  Christicolarum,  a  word  of  Pruden- 
tius,  for  whom  see  page  51,  which  helps  to  fix  the  age  of  the 
hymn.  —  25.  Aula,  porta.  Genesis  xxviii.,  17.  —39.  Pereunte 
mundo.     2  Peter  iii.,  10. 

Hymn  XI. 

Daniel,  1,  88;  Mone,  1,  217;  Wackernagel,  1,  81 ;  and  in  the 
Breviaries  generally.  It  appears  to  be  of  the  sixth  century.  Dan- 
iel suggests  that  it  was  used  in  the  ancient  Church,  when  the 
catechumens,  in  baptismal  robes,  first  partook  of  the  sacrament, 
Dominica  in  alb  is,  next  after  Easter  Sunday.  The  text  used  here 
is  that  of  the  Roman  Breviary.     The  older  texts  begin  : 


230  NOTES. 

"  Ad  cocnam  agni  providi" 

There  are  many  translations :  Mrs.  Charles's  Christian  Life  in 
Song,  p.  103;  Dr.  Schaff's  Christ  in   Song,  two  translations,  p. 

Theme.  Christ  the  Paschal  Lamb. 

Line  1.  Beati  qui  ad  coenam  nuptiarum  agni  vocati  sunt. 
Apoeal.  xix.,  9. — 2.  All  were  clothed  at  baptism  in  a  white  gar- 
ment. Apocal.  vii.,  13, 14.  The  best  robe  of  the  returning  Prod- 
igal. Luke  xv.,  22.  "Infantes  nkeos  coiyore,  corde,  liabitu^ — 
Paulinus,  in  Daniel,  1,  89.-3.  The  passage  of  the  Israelites 
through  the  Red  Sea  was  a  type  of  baptism.  1  Cor.  x.,  1.  Com- 
pare note  on  Hymn  IX.,  line  5,  page  18. — 4.  This  stanza  reads  in 

the  old  text: 

"Cuius  corpus  sanctissimum 

In  ara  cruris  torridum, 

Cruore  eius  roseo 

Gustando  vivimus  Leo." 

These  realistic  expressions  of  roasting  and  eating  Christ,  drawn 

from  the  paschal  supper,  were  wonderfully  attractive  to  the  early 

Christians:  " Assatum  et  arefactum  in  cruce  igne  irae  Dei."     So 

Luther : 

"Hie  ist  das  reclite  Osterlamm 

Davon  Gott  hat  geboten, 

Das  ist  an  des  Kreuzes  Stamm 

In  heisser  Lieb'  gebroten." 

Compare  the  Hymn  to  St.  Lawrence,  page  145.— 9.  Exod.  xi. 
Compare  Hymn  IX.,  line  10,  page  30.— 13,  Pascha  nostrum  im- 
molatus  est  Christus.  Itaque  epulemur  ...  in  azymis  sinceritatis 
et  veritatis.     1  Cor.  v.,  7,  8.— 17.  The  old  text  reads : 

"O  vere  digna  hostia, 
Per  quam  fracta  sunt  Tartara, 
Redempta  plebs  captivata, 
Reddita  vitae  praemia;" 

where  Christ's  descent  into  Hell,  or  Hades,  his  release  of  the 
spirits  bound  there,  and  his  taking  them  to  heaven,  are  distinctly 
Btated.— 21.  Compare,  on  page  24,  Hymn  IV.,  lines  9-16;  page  25, 

Hymn  V..  lines  9-12. 


AMBROSIANI,  34-36.  237 

Hymn  XII. 

Grimm,  xix. ;  Daniel's  Thesaurus,  1,  83;  Mone,  1, 190;  Wack- 
ernagel,  1,  80.  It  is  perhaps  of  the  sixth  century.  Translations 
many:  Mrs.  Charles's  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  100;  Dr.  SchafTs 
Christ  in  Song,  two  versions,  p.  245,  246.  The  Roman  Breviary 
divides  it — a  second  hymn  beginning  with  the  fifth  stanza.  It  is 
for  the  same  Sunday  as  Hymn  XI. 

Theme.  The  rejoicings  of  resurrection  morning. 

Line  7.  Pede  conculcans:  Romans  xvi.,  20. — 8.  A  poena: 
others  catena.  For  the  descent  to  Hades,  see  Hymn  IV.  of  Am- 
brose, line  19  on  page  13,  and  the  note. — 9,  Clausus,  custoditur, 
Matthew  xxvii.,  66,  and  the  next  chapter. — 13,  14.  Solutis  dolo- 
ribus  inferni  is  from  Acts  ii.,  24. — 25.  Illae :  Because  by  woman 
man  fell,  by  woman  he  is  restored ;  a  woman  bore  the  Saviour,  a 
woman  announced  his  resurrection :  Per  feminam  mors,  per  fe- 
minam  vita.  Quia  in  paradiso  mulier  viro  propinavit  mortem, 
a  sepulcro  mulier  viris  annuntiat  vitam.  Augustine,  Gregory,  as 
quoted  in  Mone,  1,  191. — 34.  Nitet  radio  :  others  mitt  it  radios. — 
38.  John  xx.,  27;  fulgida:  Mone  marks  it  fidgidd,  radiant  body 
of  Christ ;  but  the  Roman  Breviary  and  others  make  it  agree  with 

vulnera: 

"In  carne  Cbristi  vulnera 
Micare  tanquam  sideri." 

Compare  page  193,  lines  25,  26. 

Hymn  XIII. 

The  six  following  hymns  on  the  Works  of  the  Days  have  been 
a  favorite  set  of  Ambrosiani.  See  Daniel,  1,  57-61;  Konigsfeld, 
12,  8-16;  but  it  will  be  seen  that  they  are  later  than  Ambrose, 
and  some  of  them  attributed  with  confidence  to  Gregory. 

In  Stephenson's  Latin  Hymns,  p.  13 ;  Daniel's  Thesaurus,  1,  57 ; 
Mone,  1,  82 ;  Wackernagel,  1,  52.  It  is  somewhat  later  than  Am- 
brose.    The  rhyming  vowels  are  observed. 

Theme.  Genesis  i,  1-5. 

Line  7.  Tetrnm  Chaos:  both  words  are  common  epithets  of 
Satan  among  the  fathers.  Mone,  1,  83. — 10.  Psalm  cxli.,  6. — 
11.  Perenne,  spiritual,  eternal. — 13.  Cocleste:  the  text  is  from 


238  NOTES. 

the  Roman  Breviary,  and  agrees  with  the  expression  in  Matt,  vii, 
7;  Luc.  xi.,  5-8.  The  old  copies  read  Coelorum  puhet  intimum. 
The  subject  is  mens. — 14,  Yitale :  i.  e.  vitac,  of  spiritual  life. 

Hymn  XIV. 

Daniel,  1,  58;  Mone,  1,  375;  Wackernagel,  1,  70;  Stephenson's 
Latin  Hymns;  and  elsewhere.  Mone  thinks  Gregory  the  Great 
wrote  it. 

Theme.  Genesis  i.,  6-8. 

Line  11.  MiMeformes  daemonum  incursus,  Augustine.  Mone,  1, 
37G. — 12.  Error  yetus,  original  sin. 

Hymn  XV. 

Daniel,  1,  59;  Mone,  1,  376;  Wackernagel,  1,  70;  Stephenson, 
p.  19.     This  also,  Mone  thinks,  is  Gregory's. 

Theme.  Genesis  i.,  9-13. 

Line  2.  Separam,  so  the  Roman  Breviary.  Old  texts  have  eru- 
ens.  -(>.  Decora  :  agrees  with  terra  understood. — 11.  Vita  lot"  la- 
crymis  renovatur,  Gregory.     Mone,  1,  376. 

Hymn  XVI. 
Daniel,  1,  60;  Mone,  1,  378;  Wackernagel,  1,  71;  Stephenson, 
22.     Wackernagel  thinks  it  Gregory's. 
Theme.  Genesis  i.,  14-19. 
Line  2.  So  the  Roman  Breviary.     Old  texts  read :  Qui  lucid  it  in 

centrum  poll. 

Hymn  XVII. 

In  Daniel,  1,  61;  Wackernagel,  1,  56,  342;  and  elsewhere. 
One  of  the  older  Ambrosiani;  probably  of  the  fifth  century. 

Theme.   Genesis  i.,  20-23. 

Line  2.  Natos,  offspring  of  the  teeming  water,  both  fishes  and 
birds. — 7.  Prodita  :  supply  animalia.  Some  omit  ah. — 8.  Reple- 
ant:  so  the  Roman  Breviary.  Old  copies  have  rapiant. — 9. 
Largire,  imperative,  with  nescire  for  its  direct  object. — 10.  Unda 
Sanguinis,  an  allusion  to  the  blood  of  Christ  and  to  baptism. 
Kehrein  thinks  it  means  unda  d  8angui8y  " the  water  and  the 
blood  " 


AMBROSIANI,  39-42.  239 

Hymn  XVIII. 

In  Daniel,  1,  61;  Mone,  1,  380;  Wackernagel,  1,  343,  82; 
Stephenson;  and  elsewhere.  It  is  one  of  the  later  Ambrosiani, 
neglecting  elision,  and  sometimes  quantity;  probably  of  the  sev- 
enth century. 

Theme.  Genesis  i.,  24,  31. 

Line  1.  So  in  the  Roman  Breviary.     The  older  co£>ies  read: 

"  Plasmator  hominis,  Dens" 

■ — 5.  Corpora:  subject  of  obtemper  are.     Older  copies  read  Qui  for 
Et,  and  for  lines  7,  8, 

"  Ut  Servian t  per  ordinem 
Subdens  dedisti  homini." 

Corpora  is  then  the  object  of  dedisti. — 13.  The  last  stanza  is 
thought  by  Mone  to  be  unconnected  with  the  rest,  and  spurious. 

Hymn  XIX. 

Grimm,  xxiv. ;  Daniel,  1,  85;  Wackernagel,  1,  54.  Of  the  fifth 
century.  "  Plerumque  casu  quodam  invenies  etiam  rationem  in 
rhythmo,  non  artificis  modo  ratione  servata,  sed  sono  et  ipsa 
modulatione  ducente.  Quomodo  instar  iambici  metri  pulcherrime 
/actus  est  liymnus  ille  praeclarus :  Rex  aeterne  Domine.'1  Beda, 
De  Rhythmo. 

Theme.  The  Creator,  the  Redeemer,  the  Good  Physician,  the 
final  Judge. 

Line  1.  Many  copies  begin  like  Beda:  Bex  aeterne,  the  Hex 
making  a  tonic.  M.,  A.-Sax.  Gram.,  222. — 4.  Cui:  two  syllables, 
as  often,  or  a  tonic. — 9.  Quern  diab — ,  an  accentual  anapaest. — 49. 
Quia  tu  ip — ,  an  accentual  spondee ;  quia  one  syllable,  as  often. 
— 53.  Tu>  a  tonic. — 59.  Tu,  a  tonic. 

Hymn  XX. 

Daniel's  Thesaurus,  1,  21 ;  Wackernagel,  1,  47 ;  Schaff,  Christ 
in  Song,  p.  40.  It  had  been  early  attributed  to  Ambrose  ;  but  the 
theory  has  later  found  favor  that  it  was  an  old  abecedary,  made 
up  from  several  poems.  Attempts  have  been  made  by  Daniel 
and  Wackernagel  to  restore  the  verses  which  remain  to  alpha- 


240  NOTES. 

betic  order.  Of  the  stanzas,  1  is  from  Scdulins,  page  59;  2,  3 
arc  from  Prudentius,  Cathemerinon  xii. :  sec  p.  244,  247;  4,  5,  G 
arc  a  separate  hymn  used  in  the  church  on  the  day  of  the  purifi- 
cation of  the  Virgin,  and  perhaps  by  Ambrose;  the  others  have 
not  been  found. 

Theme.  The  birth  of  Christ, 

Line  1.  Psalm  cxii.,  3.  A  solis  ortu  usque  ad  occasum  lauda- 
bilc  nomen. — 2.  Et  usque:  in  Sedulius,  see  page  59,  ad  usque,  the 
more  common  idiom,  is  found. — 5.  Quicquid :  supply  est,  which 
is  expressed  after  gentium  in  Prudentius. — 12.  Post  haec:  in  Pru- 
dentius posthac,  No  one  is  to  die  who  is  in  Christ. — 13.  Ezek. 
xliv.,  1-3.  Porta  haec  clausa  erit:.  nori  aperietur  et  xir  non  transi- 
hlt  per  earn,  quoniam  Bens  Dominus  Israel  ingressus  est  per  cam. 
This  passage  was  understood  of  the  womb  of  the  Virgin  Mary. — 
14.  Luke  i.,  28.  Axe  gratia  plena. — 15.  Compare  Hymn  IV., 
line  10,  page  12  : 

"  His  beauteous  portal,  full  of  grace, 
Is  hallowed  for  the  King  to  pass. 
The  King  cloth  pass  ;  the  folded  door 
Abideth  folded  as  before." — Schaff. 

— IS.  Processit  aula:  so procedit  aula,  on  page  12,  IV.,  13,  14. — 
20.  Uigas :  see  note  on  Hymn  IV.,  15,  p.  227.-25.  Dan.  ii.,  34 ; 
Isaiah  xxviii.,  16;  Eph.  ii.,  20;  1  Cor.  iii.,  11;  1  Peter  ii.,  4,  6,  7. 
— 33.  Isaiah  xlv.,  8.  Rorate,  coeli,  desuper,  et  nubes  pluant 
justum  ;  aperiatur  terra  et  germinet  salvatorem. — 39.  Ut,  in  such 
a  manner  that. — 42.  Compare  Hymn  IV.,  1,  p.  12. — 43.  Compare 
Sedulius,  page  59,  lines  7,  8  : 

"  Ut  carne  carnem  liherans 
Ne  perderet  quos  condidit." 

—  45.  Similar  expressions  are  in  Damasus,  Fortunatus,  and  else- 
where.—  50.  Deumquc:  genuit  ante  tempera,  Deumque  genuit. — 
53.  Supply  venit. 


IV.  AUGUSTINIANI. 


Life.  -  St.  AUGUSTINE,  Aurclius   August  inns,  was  born   at    Ta- 
gasta.  Numidia,  November   1:5,  854.      His  mother,  .Monica,  gave 


AUGIJSTINIANI,  45.  24:1 

him  most  careful  Christian  nurture.  In  384  lie  became  professor 
of  rhetoric  and  philosophy  at  Milan.  He-was  leading  a  wild  life 
when  arrested  by  the  sermons  of  Ambrose  and  captivated  by  the 
views  of  Paul,  386.  He  was  made  bishop  of  Hippo,  Africa,  in 
396,  and  there  he  died,  August  28,  430,  then  and  ever  since  the 
most  illustrious  Latin  father  of  the  Church.  His  exposition 
against  Pelagius  of  Paul  on  justification  by  faith,  showing  that 
God's  free  grace  is  all  in  all,  has  approved  itself  to  most  thinkers 
of  the  same  class,  and  been  a  controlling  power  in  creeds  and 
over  human  thought.  Passion,  imagination,  and  reason  were  all 
at  their  best  in  him ;  but  the  painters'  symbol  for  him  is  a  flaming 
heart.  Of  his  many  works,  uThe  Confessions" — his  autobiogra- 
phy— is  most  read,  "  The  City  of  God  "  most  praised. 

He  was  profoundly  moved  by  the  hymns  of  Ambrose,  and  has 
recorded  his  feelings  and  reflections  on  them  in  several  places: 

"Quantum  flevi  in  hymnis  et  canticis  tuis,  suave  sonantis  ecclesiae 
tuae  vocibus  commotus  acriter !  Voces  illae  influebant  auribus  meis,  et 
eliquabatur  Veritas  tua  in  cor  meum,  et  exaestuabat  inde  adfectus  pieta- 
tis ;  et  currebant  lacrimae,  et  bene  mihi  erat  cum  eis." — Confessiones, 
ix.,  6. 

Reference  has  been  made  in  the  Notes,  on  page  225,  to  his  re- 
calling verses  of  Ambrose  on  the  morning  after  his  mother's  buri- 
al.    Confessiones,  ix.,  12. 

His  delight  in  the  music  of  the  hymns  is  so  intense  that  he 
fears  that  it  is  sinful : 

"  Verum  tamen  cum  reminiscor  lacrimas  meas,  quas  fudi  ad  cantus 
ecclesiae  tuae  in  primordiis  recuperatae  fidei  meae,  et  nunc  ipso  quod 
moveor  non  cantu,  sed  rebus  quae  cantantnr,  cum  liquida  voce  et  conve- 
nientissima  modulatione  cantantnr,  magnam  instituti  huius  utilitatem 
rursus  agnosco." — Confessiones,  x. ,  33. 

He  had  made  Latin  verses  in  his  youth.  Mention  has  been 
made  of  the  tradition  connecting  him  with  the  Te  Deum  (page 
231).  A  number  of  hymns  have  borne  his  name,  but  it  is  now 
believed  that  none  were  composed  by  him.  Three  are  here  given 
as  Augiistiniani,  from  Daniel's  Thesaurus  and  elsewhere,  which 
are  based  on  passages  from  him,  and  have  been  long  associated 
with  him. 

L 


242  NOTES. 

Hymn  I. 

In  Daniel's  Thesaurus,  1,  116;  Mone,  1,  422;  Trench,  Sacred 
Latin  Poetry,  p.  315;  Augustini  Opera,  Bcned.  ed.,  vi.,  117  (Ap- 
pendix); Translations  by  Sylvester,  p.  1114;  Mrs.  Charles's  Chris- 
tian Life  in  Song,  13.191. 

It  was  long  confidently  ascribed  to  Augustine,  chiefly  from  its 
being  in  a  book  called  aMeditationes,"a  large  part  of  which  was 
known  to  be  his,  and  all  of  it  thought  to  be.  It  is  now  known 
to  be  made  up  of  extracts  from  Anselm,  Gregory,  and  others. 
Trench  says,  "  The  hymn  is  Damiani's,  and  quite  the  noblest  he 
has  left  us."  Mone  thinks  the  writer  unknown,  about  100  years 
later  than  Augustine. 

Theme.  The  glory  and  joys  of  Paradise. 

Line  1.  Sitivit  anima  mea  ad  Deum  fortem  vivum.  Psalm 
xli.,  3.  Apud  te  est  fons  vitae.  Psalm  xxxv.,  10.  Fons  aquae 
salientis  in  vitam  aeternam.  John  iv.,  14.  Compare  Rev.  xxi., 
6;  Psalm  cxlii.,  G. — 2.  Clausa,  "  Here  in  the  body  pent.'1  Ro- 
mans vii.,  23,  24.-3.  Exul  frui  patria*  Hebrews  xi.,  13,  14.— 5, 
Dum  deliquit,  when  it  (the  soul)  sinned. — (J.  Conversely : 

"  Infelicissimum  genus  est  infortunii  fuisse  felicem." 

Boethius,  De  Con.,  IL 

"Nessum  maggior  dolore 
Che  ricordarsi  del  tempo  felice 
Nella  miseria." — Dante,  Inferno,  V.,  121. 

"That  a  sorrow's  crown  of  sorrow  is  remembering  happier  things." 

Tennyson,  Lockshy  Hall. 

—7-9.  Rev.  xxi.,  21.— 10, 11.  Rev.  xxi.,  19-21.— 12.  Lues,  soiled 
mow-water.  Kehrein,  Daniel,  Trench,  Lexicons.  Rev.  xxi.,  27. — 
13*  Aestas.  Rev.  vii.,  16;  Psalm  cxx.,  6  ;  and  elsewhere.  The 
absence  of  cold  is  not  so  much  mentioned.  It  has  pleasant  asso- 
ciations in  Palestine.— 13-21.  This  is  the  poet's  expansion  of  the 
beauty  of  the  perpetual  spring  which  he  finds  implied  in  Rev. 
xxi.,  23 ;  xxii.,  5  :  "  Civitas  non  egel  sole  neque  luna, . . .  lucerna 
cius  est  Agnus."  "Et  nox  non  erik"  This  dwelling  on  the 
beauties  of  nature  Is  characteristic  of  christian  authors.    The 


AUGUSTINIANI,  47-49.  243 

heathen  show  no  sense  of  it.  Humboldt,  Cosmos,  II.,  i. — 22.  Ye- 
lut  sol :  Matthew  xiii.,  43. — 28-31.  Mutabilibus:  some  read  mor- 
talibus  his;  ablative  of  separation  after  exutl.     A.  and  G.,  54, 1 : 

"  Patting  off  their  mortal  vesture,  in  the  Source  their  souls  they  steep — 
Truth  by  actual  vision  learning,  on  its  forms  their  gaze  they  keep — 
Drinking  from  the  living  Fountain  draughts  of  living  waters  deep." 

Mrs.  Charles. 
— 33.  Sanis :  a  general  description,  not  a  partitive ;  not  from 
those  among  them  iclw  are  tcell,  but  from  them  all,  the  well. — 34. 
Esse,  object  of  tenent.  Ilia  civitas  sempiterna  est,  ibi  nullus  ori- 
tur, quia  nullus  moritur.  Augustine,  De  Civit.  Dei,  v.,  16. — 36. 
1  Cor.  xv.,  54 ;  2  Cor.  v.,  4. — 37.  Scientem  cmicta:  Illam  sanctam 
civitatem  de  visione  omnipotentis  Dei  plena  scientia  perficit. 
Gregory,  Horn,  in  Ev.,  ii.,  34,  8.— Nescire  nequeunt:  two  nega- 
tives strengthen  the  negation,  as  frequently  in  late  Latin. — 41. 
Caritas,  etc.  Love  makes  this  his  {characteristic)  that,  when  he  loves 
another,  the  peculiarity  of  each  thus  oecomes  a  common  possession  of 
all.  Others  read  more  simply:  Caritas  hoc  facit  suum  quod  amat 
in  altero. — 43.  Ubi  corpus  :  the  language  is  drawn  from  Matthew- 
xxiv.,  28,  which  the  author  and  the  early  fathers  understand  to 
mean,  Where  Christ  is,  there  his  servants  will  gather  as  certainly  as 
the  eagles  gather  to  their  prey. — 45.  Utriusque  patriae,  heaven  and 
earth.  Coelestis  Ierusalem  cives  sunt  omnes  sanctificati  homiues, 
qui  fuerunt  et  qui  sunt  et  qui  futuri  sunt,  et  omnes  sanctificati 
spiritus  etiam,  quicumque  in  excelsis  coelorum  partibus  pia  de- 
votione  obtemperant  Deo.  Augustine,  De  Catech.  Kud.,  p.  3G. — 
51.  Quern  has  regi  for  its  antecedent. — 58.  Probes:  others praeoe. 

Hymn  II. 

From  Konigsfeld,  Lat.  Hymnen  unci  Gesange,  1,  32.  It  may 
pass  as  a  companion-piece  of  the  former  hymn,  a  treatment  of  the 
same  subject  by  a  later  and  wTcaker  and  more  fanciful  poet.  It 
presents  no  difficulties. 

Hymn  III. 

From  Konigsfeld,  Lat.  Hymnen  und  Gesange,  1, 36.  Like  Hymn 
II.,  it  is  late,  and  Augustinian  only  by  turning  on  a  thought  of 
Augustine,  and  catching  some  fire  from  "  the  flaming  heart." 


244  NOTES. 


V.  PRUDEXTIUS. 
Life. — Aubelius  Clemens  Prudentius  was  bom  in  Spain,  348, 
perhaps  in  Saragossa.  He  received  a  liberal  education,  practiced 
as  a  pleader,  rilled  important  judicial  posts  in  two  cities  not 
named,  and  received  a  high  military  appointment  at  court,  when, 
in  his  fifty-seventh  year,  he  determined  to  dedicate  what  remained 
of  his  life  to  the  earnest  service  of  God.  Thus  much  we  learn 
from  an  autobiography  in  verse  prefixed  to  his  poems.  It  con- 
tains also  a  catalogue  of  his  poems,  and  this  is  about  all  we  know 
of  his  life.  His  fame  is  great.  Barth  speaks  of  him  as  k>  Poeta 
eximius — eruditissimus  et  sanctissimus  scriptor — nemo  divinius 
de  rebus  Christianis  unquam  scripsit."  Bentley  calls  him  "the 
Horace  and  Virgil  of  the  Christians"  (Trench,  p.  119, 120).  He 
speaks  out  freely  in  the  living  Latin  of  the  time.  Most  of  his 
hymns  are  taken  from  the  poems  called  "  Cathemerinon,"  i.  e., 
"Diurnorum,"  "of  daily  acts  and  seasons."  There  are  twelve  of 
them:  1.  For  cock-crow;  2.  For  morning;  3.  Before  meat;  4. 
After  meat;  5.  At  the  lighting  of  lamps;  6.  Before  sleep  ;  7.  Fast- 
ing; 8.  After  fast ;  9.  Every  hour;  10.  At  burial ;  11.  January  ;  12. 
The  Epiphany.  Other  poems  are  his  "  Apotheosis,"  "  Hamarti- 
genia,"  "  Psychomachia,"  and  "  Peristephanon."  An  excellent 
edition  is  that  of  A.  Dressel,  Lipsia?,  1860. 

Hymn  I. 

Daniel,  1,  122;  Wackernagel,  1,  34,  36.  Translations:  Schaff, 
Christ  in  Song,  p.  43;  The  Hymnal  Noted,  No.  32;  Hymns,  An- 
cient and  Modern,  No.  46.  Three  ancient  German  versions  are 
given  in  Wackernagel.  It  is  compiled  from  the  ninth  hymn  of  the 
Cathemerinon,  entitled  "Hymnusadomneshoras,"and  celebrating 
the  birth,  passion,  resurrection,  and  glorification  of  Christ.  These 
verses  on  the  nativity  are  used  as  a  separate  hymn.  The  first 
Btanza  of  the  original  poem  is  here  prefixed  to  the  hymn.  Aur, 
Prud.  Clem.  Carmina,  ed.  Dressel,  p.  52. 

Theme.   The  birth  of  Christ. 

Line  1 .  Pner,  the  servant,  who  should  bring  the  lyre. — Cliorois, 
chorees,  or  trochees,  the  feet  in  which  the  poem  is  written. — 5^  (>. 


PRUDENTIUS,  53.  245 

Camoena  pangat,  let  our  muse  frame,  i.  e.,  sing,  him  alone.  This 
introduction  is  like  the  older  Greek  lyric  poets.  To  each  stanza 
is  added  in  the  hymn  as  used  "  Saeculorwn  saectdis,''  taken  from  the 
last  stanza. — 7.  Psalm  xliv.,  2,  eructavit  cor  meum  Verbum  bonum^ 
was  with  the  fathers  a  palmary  passage  on  the  eternal  generation 
of  the  Son. — 9.  Rev.  xxi.,6. — 16,  Protoplasti:  others primoplasti, 
Adam;  genitive  after  germine. — 25-27.  Altitudo,  angelus,  yir- 
tutis,  are  all  in  Romans  viii.,  38,  39,  height,  angels,  powers;  for 
poicers,  see  also  Coloss.  i.,  16. — 31.  Yates  concineoant,  Acts  x.,43. 
—  Quern,  has  for  its  antecedent  the  subject  of  emicat. — 30-48. 
Psalm  cxlviii.  A  doxology  not  by  Prudentius  is  added  to  the 
hymn,  and  translated  in  SchatT  and  elsewhere : 

"  Tibi  Christe  sit  cum  Patre  Hagioque  Pneumate 
Hymnus,  melos,  laus  perennis,  gratiarnm  actio, 
Honor,  virtus,  victoria,  regnum  aeternaliter 
Saeculorum  saeculis. " 

Hymn  II. 

Daniel,  1,  137;  Wackernagel,  1,  40;  Trench  (a  different  selec- 
tion of  stanzas),  p.  281.  Translations  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian 
Life  in  Song,  p.  110 ;  Schaff,  Christ  in  Song,  two  translations,  p. 
635,  638 ;  Miss  Catharine  Winkworth  in  Bunsen's  Gesangbuch,  No. 
288 ;  and  many  in  German.  It  is  made  up  from  the  tenth  Cathe- 
merinon,  which  is  a  noble  hymn  of  forty-four  stanzas,  ad  exequias 
defuncti  (Prud.  Carmina,  ed.  Dressel,  p.  58).  The  common  stanzas 
are  the  31,  15,  10,  11, 12-36  ;  to  which  are  here  added  37-42,  44. 
Barth  calls  this  poem  "plane  divinum;"  Trench  calls  it  "  the 
crowning  glory  of  the  poetry  of  Prudentius ;"  it  reminds  Dr.  Schaff 
"of  the  worship  in  the  catacombs,  whose  gloom  was  lit  up  with 
the  hope  of  a  glorious  resurrection  in  Christ/'  It  became  in  the 
sixteenth  century  a  favorite  funeral  hymn  in  Protestant  Germany  : 

"Hort  auf  mit  Trauern  and  Klagen." 

Theme.  The  resurrection  of  those  who  die  in  Christ. 

Line  5.  Quid  sibi  mm  volant,  what  do  the  rocks  wish  for  them- 
selves=:what  do  they  mean?  9.  Corpus,  subject  of  restat. — 11. 
Ut5  etc.,  that  it  may  regain  combinations  of  exalted  sense,  i.e.,  be 
again  united  to  the  body,  and  with  improved  organs  of  sense.— 


246  NOTES. 

10.  Ciostot,  will  move.  Verses  9-20  are  omitted  by  Trench,  and 
are  commented  on  by  Schaff  as  rather  materialistic.  "Paul 
teaches  the  resurrection  of  the  body,  not  of  the  flesh  (1  Cor.  XV., 
50).  Lazarus  was  raised  in  the  flesh,  but  to  die  again  ;  the  resur- 
rection body  will  be  immortal."  Schaff,  p.  635. — 27.  Sequestro: 
so  Tertullian  de  Resurrect.:  corpora  .  .  .  mausoleis  et  monumentis 
sequestrantur. — 28.  tienorosa,  of  a  noble  kind. — 31.  Istis,  these 
ruins. — 32.  Chris  to:  ablative  of  source,  preposition  omitted. — 
34.  Ille  fictor  et  auctor,  Christ. — 30.  Propriique  aenigmata  vul- 
tus :  Yidemus  nunc  per  speculum  in  aenigmate,  1  Cor.  xiii.,  12  : 
"  Man  is  God's  image  ;  but  a  poor  man  is 
Christ's  stamp  to  boot." — George  Herbert. 
Aenigmata,  as  hints  of  the  invisible  and  unknown. — 39.  Patefac- 
ta  agrees  with  tu,  terra;  it  is  necessary  that  you,  opened,  restore 
the  form,  etc.  With  lines  33-48  compare  the  last  chapters  of 
Tertullian,  Be  Besurrectione  Carnis. — 41.  Cariosa  vetustas.  Ovid, 
Amor.,  1,  12,  29. — 53.  Senis  sancti,  Abraham.— 54.  Eleazar, 
Lazarus:  so  Tertullian  calls  the  Lazarus  of  Luke  Eleazar,  taking 
the  two  names  to  be  the  same,  as  they  probably  were.  Luke 
xvi.,  22. — 60.  Luke  xxiii.,  43.— 05.  It  was  a  heathen  custom  to 
grace  the  dead  with  flowers  and  odors:  " Manibus  date  liliapU- 
nis"  iEn.,  vi.,  884.  The  earlier  Christians  did  not  do  it  (Justin 
Martyr,  Apol.,  II.),  but  in  the  time  of  Jerome  the  custom  was  com- 
mon. Hieron.,  Ep.,  xxvi.,  ad  Pammach. :  Ceterl  mariti  super 
tumulos  wniugum  spargunt  violas,  rosas,  III  la. 

Hymn  III. 

Daniel,  1,  119;  Wackernagel,  1,  26;  Breviarium  Romanum. 
Translation  in  Hymns  of  the  Ages,  p.  14.  It  is  made  up  of  stan- 
zas 1,  2,  21,  25  of  the  first  hymn  of  the  Cathemerinon,  which  con- 
sists of  twenty-five  stanzas  Ad  gallicantum.  Prud.  Carolina,  ed. 
Dressel,  p.  4. 

Theme.  Cock-crow.  Compare  the  first  hymn  of  Ambrose, 
p.  8. 

Line  1.  Diei  luinliiis,  praeco  did.      Ambrose,  p.  8,  I.,  5,  and 
sec  notes  on  p.  224.      A  lively  canticle,  telling  all  about  the  bird 
of  dawn,  is  to  be  found  in  NTeale's  Mediaeval  Hymns,  p.  194: 
"Multi  sunt  presbyteri,"  etc. 


PRUDENTIUS,  56-58.  247 

Cock-crow  was  the  fourth  or  last  watch  of  the  night,  three 
hours,  by  the  Roman  reckoning ;  but  the  Christians  reckoned  it 
from  dawn  to  sunrise. — 6.  The  beds  are  called  aegros,  soporos,  de- 
sides,  as  producers  of  sickness,  sleepiness,  sloth. — 10,  Flentes, 
crying,  groaning : 

"  All  Solomon's  sea  of  brass  and  world  of  stone 
Is  not  so  dear  to  thee  as  one  good  groan." 

George  Herbert. 

Hymn  IV. 

Daniel,  1,  124 ;  Wackernagel,  1,  43  ;  Trench,  p.  121.  Transla- 
tions :  Schaff,  Christ  in  Song,  p.  107 ;  J.  M.  Neale,  and  others. 
It  is  put  together  from  the  twelfth  hymn  of  the  Cathemerinon  on 
the  Epiphany,  but  has  been  long  current  in  the  Church,  though 
with  varying  verses.  Our  version  is  from  the  Paris  Breviary; 
stanzas  4,  7  are  not  Prudentius.     Prud.  Carmina,  ed.  Dressel,  p.  71. 

Theme.  The  infant  martyrs  of  Bethlehem.     Matt.ii.,  16. 

Line  1.  Flores  Martyruin :  "  lure  dicuntur  marty  rum  flores,  quos 
in  medio  frigore  infidelitatis  exortos,  velut  primas  erumpentis 
Ecclesiae  gemmas,  quaedam  persecutionis  pruina  decoxit."  Au- 
gustine, Serm.  220 ;  (Appendix),  Trench,  p.  121. — 18.  Solus  inte- 
ger agree  with  partus. — 19.  Nurus :  ace.  plural. — 21.  Receptor 
cimum,  liberator,  as  taking  them  to  himself  from  servitude.  A 
doxology  not  by  Prudentius  is  added  and  translated  in  Schaff. 

Hymn  Y. 

Daniel,  1,  121;  Wackernagel,  1,  28;  the  Breviaries;  and  else- 
where. Translation  in  Hymns  of  the  Ages,  p.  16.  It  is  made  up 
of  parts  of  the  second  hymn  of  the  Cathemerinon,  the  first  stanza 
pieced  from  7,  1+24,  1,  2,  4,  the  others  are  25,  26,  27.  Prud. 
Carmina,  ed.  Dressel,  p.  9. 

Theme.  The  Christian  to  walk  honestly  as  in  the  day.  Ro- 
mans xiii.,  12,  13. 

Hymn  VI. 

Daniel,  1,  127;  Wackernagel,  1,  43.  Translations  in  Mrs. 
Charles's  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  98 ;  Schaff's  Christ  in  Song, 
p.  113.  It  is  made  up  from  stanzas  20,  2,  16,  18  of  the  twelfth 
of  the  Cathemerinon.     Prud.  Carmina,  ed.  Dressel,  p.  71. 


248  NOTES. 

Theme.  The  Epiphany.  Compare  Hymn  IX.  of  Ambrose, 
and  notes  on  p.  220,  2o0. 

Line  1.  Sola  maior  Betlilem,  sole  greater  city  of  great  cities,  i.  e., 
greater  beyond  compare  than  any  of  the  great  cities.  Bcthlcm 
for  Bethlehem,  Bethleem  (B?^Xf€/x),  is  common  in  the  hymns. — 2. 
Contiirit  has  gignere  for  its  subject. — 3.  Coelitus,  the  Saviour 
(sent)  from  heaven. — 5,  G.  This  description  of  the  brightness  of 
the  star  is  found  in  other  ancient  writers:  'Acm)p  iv  ovpav$  tkap- 
\pev  V7rep  7rdvrag  rovg  darkpaq  .  .  .  Ta  Sk  \017ra  irdvra  acrpa,  lifia  vjkup 
Kai  oeXijV?^  x°pv£  tysvsro  rrij  aar'zpi  '  avrbg  ce  ijv  V7r£pj3d\\(ov  rb  tyCjQ  av- 

rov  v-n-ep  navTa.  Epist.  Ignatii  ad  Eph.,  19. — 9.  Yidere:  perfect 
tense. — 11.  Yotis:  ablative  of  accompaniment. — 12.  Thus,  etc.: 
"  Chaldaea  gens  dat  munera,  regi  divitias,  thura  Deo,  myrrhamque 
sepulcro."  Hieron.,  Ad.,  Matt,  i.,  2.  So  Augustine  :  Aurum  solvi- 
tur,  quasi  regi  magno  ;  thus  immolating  ut  Deo;  myrrha  praebitur 
tanguam  pro  salute  omnium  morituro. — 17.  The  doxology  is  not 
by  Prudentius. 


VI.  SEDULIUS. 

Life. — Probably  a  Scot  from  Ireland,  who  left  his  native  coun- 
try for  love  of  learning,  Sedulius  was  a  priest  in  Italy,  in  the 
fifth  century,  under  Theodosius  the  Great,  Exact  dates  are 
wanting.  He  is  described  as  an  eminent  poet,  orator,  and  divine 
— perhaps  a  bishop.  He  has  left  a  paschal  poem  on  the  miracles 
of  Christ,  and  other  pious  compositions.  The  Latin  Church  uses 
several  of  his  hymns  in  their  public  service. 

Hymn  I. 

Daniel,  1,  143;  Wackernagel,  1,  46;  in  the  Breviaries,  and 
elsewhere.  Beda  ascribes  it  to  Sedulius.  There  are  many  an- 
cient German  versions,  one  by  Luther.  An  English  translation 
is  found  in  Schaff,  Christ  in  Song,  p.  45.  It  is  the  first  part  of  an 
abecedary  of  twenty-three  verses,  totam  ritam  Christi  continent. 

Theme.  The  birth  of  Christ. 

Lines  1-4.  Borrowed  for  the  last  of  the  Ambrosiani.  See  page 
42,  .and  the  note.— 5.  Anctor  saeculi:  Bebrews  \.,2;filio  per 
quem  fecit  et  saeculum.— 6.  "  Corporis  formam  caduti  membra 


SEDULIUS,  GO,  61.  249 

morti  obnoxia  incluit  ne  gens  periret  primoplasti  ex  genuine." 
Prud.,  Catheinerinon,  ix.,  16. — 9.  Luke  i.,  34. — 16.  "Deusper  an- 
gelum  loquebatur  et  virgo  auribus  impraegnabatur."  Augustine. 
Compare  Hymn  IV.  of  Ambrose,  p.  12. — 20.  Luke  i.,  44. — 21. 
Foeno  iacere :  the  bay  and  the  manger  greatly  move  the  early 
Christians.  Daniel  quotes  from  several,  and  as  follows  from 
I.  JNTeunhertzius  :  "  Ach  allzuhartes  ISTest !  liegt  Iesus  in  der  Krip- 
pen  ?  ach,  war'  ich  da  gewest,  das  wuenschen  Herz  und  Lippen : 
Wie  hatt'  es  mich  geschmerzt,  das  man  dich  so  veracht;  ich 
hatte  dich  geherzt  und  dir  mein  Bett  gebracht.1' — 24.  Nee  ales, 
not  a  sparrow.  Luke  xii.,  6. — 28.  John  x.,  14;  1  Peter  v.,  4; 
Heb.  xiii.,  20. 

Hymn  II. 

Daniel,  1,  147  ;  Wackernagel,  1,  46 ;  J.  H.  Newman,  Hymni 
Ecclesiae,  p.  252 ;  Breviaries ;  and  elsewhere.  There  are  ancient 
German  translations — one  by  Luther :  "  Was  f  urchst  du  Feind 
Herodes  sehr ;"  an  English  translation  in  MamVs  Ancient  Hymns, 
p.  77.     It  is  a  continuation  of  the  former  hymn. 

Theme.   The  Epiphany.     Matthew  ii. 

Line  1.  Herodes:  The  Roman  Breviary,  followed  by  many 
editors,  has  Crudelis  Herodes,  not  caring  for  the  H.  of  the  abeceda- 
ry.— 3.  John  xviii.,  36. — 4.  Luke  xxii.,  29,  30. — 7.  Lumen,  Christ ; 
lumine,  the  star. — 8.  See  p.  58,  VI.,  13,  and  note.— 9.  Caterva  is 
Katerra  in  the  abecedary.  This  stanza  is  not  used  in  the 
Church  service.  Personat,  cries  aloud.  Matt,  ii.,  18.  13.  Lara- 
era  puri  gurgitis:  Matt,  iii.,  16. — 17-20.  This  stanza  is  not  in 
the  Roman  Breviary.  Sanans.  Matt,  iv.,  23.  Resuscitans.  Luke 
vii.,  12;  John  xi.,  43. — 21.  John  ii.,  6-11.  Chrysostom  says  that 
many  draw  water  on  the  night  of  the  Epiphany  and  keep  it  to  use 
through  the  year.  The  Egyptians  and  Ethiopians  say  the  Nile 
water  has  a  flavor  of  wine  on  this  night ;  and  such  beliefs  are  wide- 
spread about  other  rivers  and  springs.  For  the  German  fount- 
ains of  this  kind,  see  Grimm's  "  Deutsche  Mythologies  p.  328. 

Hymn  III. 

Sedulii  Opera,  2,  63  ;  Konigsfeld,  Lateinische  Hymnen  und 
Gesange,  2,  62.     It  is  a  common  introduction  (introit)  on  the 

L2 


250  NOTES. 

davs  of  special  services  in  honor  of  the  Virgin  Mary.  The  meter 
is  not  common  in  the  hymns. 

Theme.   Salutation  of  the  Mother  of  Christ. 

Line  1.  Enixa  puerpera:  compare  the  first  line  on  page  GO.— 
4.  Quae  (parens),  the  subject  of  visa  est.—$m  Primam  similem: 
object  of  habere. — 9.  Terrena :  object  ofpetisti. 


VII.  ELPIS. 
Life. — Elpts,  a  Sicilian,  was  born  about  460,  and  was  early 
married  to  Boethius,  one  of  the  most  illustrious  Romans  of  his 
age — 470-525.  She  was  a  woman  of  great  learning,  wit,  and 
beauty,  and  the  author  of  the  hymns  used  by  the  Church  on  the 
festival  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul.  She  bore  her  husband  two 
sons,  eminent  Romans.  After  her  death  Boethius  married  Rus- 
ticiana,  the  most  accomplished  of  all  the  Roman  ladies.  Such 
was  the  current  account  of  Elpis,  but  it  is  now  pronounced  base- 
less. See  under  Boethius  in  Smith's  Classical  Dictionary.  Of 
the  author  of  the  hymns,  therefore,  we  know  nothing. 

Hymn  I. 

Daniel,  1,  150;  Monc,  3,  90;  Wackernagel,  1,  59.  It  is  as- 
cribed to  Elpis  by  all  the  old  editors.  Mone  doubts  whether  she 
would  write  accentual  meter,  since  her  husband  uses  only  the 
quantitative  verse  of  the  old  poetry. 

Theme.  The  feast-day  of  the  apostles  Peter  and  Paul. 

Line  1.  Note  the  uniform  caesura  after  the  fifth  syllable,  which 
gives  to  the  first  half  line  an  iambic,  to  the  second  a  trochaic  ca- 
dence. The  hemistichs  arc  sometimes  printed  as  separate  lines. 
Lux  lueis :  genitive  of  eminence.  M.,  312,  e.  Lux  (vocative). 
Cod. — 3.  Martyrio:  ablative  of  cause. — 5.  Ianitor  coeli :  Matt. 
xvi.,  19;  Peter  is  called  daviger  later. — Doctor,  Paul. — 6*  Note 
the  difference  between  saeculum  and  mundus. — 7.  'o  p.lv  t<7>  trravpif 
irpo<rrj\(o&€tQ  wpbg  ovpavbv  n)v  iroptiav  iiroirjtraTO,  6  dt  rot  'Ci^f-i  aTTOTfiri- 
y-nr  wpbg  rap  (Twrrjpa  IkStj fir] crag  paKapi&Tai)  Greek  service  for  June 
29 ;  Eusebius,  Ec.  Hist.,  ii.,  25.  Paul  was  a  Roman  citizen,  not 
to  be  crucified.  8.  Vitae  senatnm  possidere  is  to  haw  a  seat  in  the 
senaU  of  life.     The  Creek  expression  for  it  is,  became  citizens  of  tfw 


ELPIS — FORTUNATTS,  62-64.  251 


new  Jerusalem,  the  kingdom  of  life. — 12.  Qui :  others  qua.  Claudis, 
[et]  aperis. — 13.  Paulas  doctor  nationum,  Tort,  De  Ress.,  23  ;  gen- 
tium, Aug.,  Serm.  162,  1 ;  Gk.  serv. :  UavXe  $e<rwe(Tie,Twv  ayliov  IkkXtj- 
oiCjv  6  prjrwp.  — 11.  Polum :  supply  ad,  to  bear  us  to  heaven  in 
mind,  i.  e.,  give  us  heaven  by  faith. — 15.  Till  that  which  is  per- 
fect shall  be  bestowed.  Note  the  unusual  passive  sense  of  largi- 
atur.  The  passage  is  based  on  cum  autem  venerit  quod  perfect  urn 
est,  emcuabitur  quod  ex  parte  est.  1  Cor.  xiii.,  10. — 17.  Binae 
olivae :  Rev.  xi.,  4,  often  elsewhere  applied  to  these  apostles. 
Charity,  love,  is  denoted  by  the  fruit  of  the  olive.  Augustine  on 
John  vi.,  20.  So  is  interpreted  the  pouring  in  oil  by  the  Good 
Samaritan.  Luke  x.,  34.  For  the  value  of  the  olive,  remember 
the  story  of  the  naming  of  Athens.  Compare  Psalm  Hi.,  8  :  Ego 
autem  sicut  oliva  fructifera  in  domo  Dei.  The  orange,  bearing 
fruit  and  flowers  at  once,  has  disjjlaced  the  olive  in  our  associa- 
tions : 

"  Oh,  that  I  were  an  orange-tree, 
That  busy  plant ! 

Then  should  I  ever  laden  be, 
And  never  want 

Some  fruit  for  him  that  dressed  me." 

George  Herbert. 

— 18.  Devotos,  the  subject  of  vivere. — 21-21.  This  stanza  wTas 
added  in  the  Roman  Breviary  by  order  of  Pius  V. 


VIII.  FORTUNATUS. 

Life. — Yenantius  Honorius  Clementianus  Fortunatus  was 
born  in  the  district  of  Treviso,  Italy,  530.  He  spent  his  early 
life  in  literary  idleness,  and  much  of  his  later  life  in  the  same 
way,  "  among  the  last  of  the  Latin  verse-wTriters,  or  among  the 
first  of  the  troubadours."  On  the  invasion  of  the  Lombards  he 
left  Italy,  and  wandered  from  castle  to  cloister  in  Gaul.  Queen 
Rhadegunda  induced  him  to  settle  at  Poictiers,  and  here  he  was 
consecrated  a  priest,  and  became  bishop  (595  ?)  ;  and  here  he 
died  (609  ?).  What  we  know  of  his  outer  life  is  in  strong  con- 
trast with  the  hymns  here  given.     Mrs.  Charles  suggests  a  com- 


252  NOTES. 

parison  with  Cowper.  Sec  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  129.  Edi- 
tions of  his  works  are  Opera  Omnia,  Romae,  1786 ;  Carminum, 
ejristolarum,  expositionum  Ubri  XL,  etc.;  Notis  variis  a  R.  P. 
Christophoro  Browero,  Moguntiae,  1617. 

Hymn  I. 

Daniel,  1,  163;  Wackernagel,  1,  61,  62.  Translations  into  old 
German;  into  English  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in  Song, 
p.  133;  Schaff,  Christ  in  Song,  p.  155;  Neale,  Mediaeval  Hymns, 
p.  1.  Daniel  ranks  it  in  numero  pulcherrimorum.  Schaff  agrees. 
Fortunatus  introduced  stanzas  of  trochaic  tetrameter,  afterward 
a  favorite  measure  in  the  hymns. 

Copies  often  begin  with  line  22,  "  Crux  fidelis,"  etc. 

Theme.  The  Passion. 

Line  1.  Pange  proelium,  frame,  i.  e.,  sing  the  battle;  the  theme 
is  put  for  the  song,  as  often  elsewhere.  See  p.  51,  line  6.  This 
opening  has  been  imitated  in  other  hymns,  notably  in  the  famous 
eucharistic  hymn  of  Thomas  Aquinas : 

"Pange,  lingua,  gloriosi  corporis  mysterium." — (See  p.  168.) 

Certaminis :  conflict  between  Christ  and  Satan,  of  glorious  issue. 
Gen.  iii.,  15. — 2.  Super  governs  the  ablative  of  the  theme  of  dis- 
course. II.,  435,  2;  A.  and  G.,  56,  1,  d. — 4.  Factor,  the  Maker, 
Christ, — 5.  In  mortem  corruit :  the  subject  is  parens  understood. 
6.  The  legend  here  alluded  to  is  thus  related  by  Mrs.  Charles : 
u  When  Adam  died,  Scth  obtained  from  the  guardian  cherubim 
of  Paradise  a  branch  of  the  tree  from  which  Eve  ate  the  forbid- 
den fruit.  This  he  planted  on  Golgotha,  called  the  place  of  a 
skull,  because  Adam  was  buried  there.  From  this  tree,  as  the 
ages  rolled  on,  were  made  the  ark  of  the  testimony,  the  pole  on 
which  the  brazen  serpent  wras  lifted  up,  and  other  instruments; 
and  from  its  wTood,  at  length,  then  growing  old  and  hard,  was 
made  the  cross." — 8.  Ars,  the  art  of  Christ :  artem  proditoris. — 9. 
Hedelam  ferret  agrees  with  ars:  £i»Xy  uei  to  %v\ov  td<Ta<r$u,  Serv- 
ice for  September  14.  The  language  is  drawn  from  surgical  su- 
perstitions,  every  where  common  among  the  unscientific.  — 10. 
••  I'bi  venit  plenitudo  temporis,  misil  Deus  Filium  suum  factum 
ex   muliere."     Galat.,  iv.,  4. — 11.  Aivc,  heaven;   compare  Ar.t 


FORTUNATUS,  65,  GG.  253 

firma  Dens  noster  est,  p.  211. — 12,  Caro  factus,  John  i.,  14. — 13. 
Conditus  for  positus,  which  some  copies  have  :  conditus  is  suggest- 
ed by  conditor :  the  poet  plays  with  the  sound  and  sense,  like 
Shakespeare.  Praesepia,  the  manger. — 15.  Fascia :  subject ;  pedes 
manusque  crura,  feet,  hands,  and  legs.— 16.  Lustra  sex,  Luke  iii., 
23,  ace.  of  time  how  long ;  the  time  necessary  for  the  growth  of 
the  body.— -19.  Supply  sunt. — 21.  Dulci  claro  :  others  dulces  cla- 
ws.— 25.  Yiscera,  fibres. — 28.  Pretium  saeculi,  the  ransom  of 
the  world. — 30.  Quern,  mundus.  Some  see  an  allusion  to  Noah's 
ark  in  this  verse,  but  Augustine  gives  it  another  turn :  "  Mare 
transeundum  est,  et  lignum  contemnis  ?  quia  lignum  humilitatis 
eius  tibi  necessarium  erat;  superbia  enim  tumueras  et  longe  ab 
ilia  patria  rejectus  eras,  et  fluctibus  huius  saeculi  interrupta  est 
via,  et  qua  transeatur  ad  patriam  non  est,  nisi  ligno  porteris." 
In  Evang.,  John  ii.,  4. 

Hymn  II. 

In  Daniel,  1,  168  ;  Wackernagel,  1,  60  ;  Trench,  p.  130.  Trans- 
lation by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  130.  This  is 
part  of  a  longer  poem. 

Theme.  The  holy  Cross. 

Line  1.  Mtet,  gleams,  a  beautiful  beacon. — 4.  Qua,  ichere,  in- 
troduces the  whole  clause  beginning  with  the  third  line.  John 
x.,  12. — 8.  Paulum:  Acts  ix.,  5. — Petrum:  Acts  xii.,  7. — 10. 
Nova  ponia  :  an  allusion  to  the  noxiale  pomum^  "  whose  mortal 
taste  brought  death  into  the  world."  See  line  5  of  the  last 
hymn. — 11,  12.  Sicut  malus  inter  ligna  silvarum,  etc.;  Stipate 
me  malls,  etc.  Canticles  ii.,  3,  5. — 13,  14.  Per  diem  sol  non 
uret  te,  neque  luna  per  noctem.  Psalm  exxi.,  6. — 15.  Et  erit  tan- 
quam  lignum,  quod  plantatum  est  secus  decursus  aquarum,  quod 
fructum  suum  dabit  in  tempore  suo.  Psalm  i.,  3. — 17.  The  cross 
is  represented  by  artists  as  wreathed  in  a  vine,  and  the  figure  is 
truly  Biblical,  both  for  the  vine  and  the  wine.  John  xv.,  1 ;  Luke 
xxii.,  20. 

Hymn  III. 

In  Daniel,  1,  160;  Wackernagel,  1,  63;  Breviarium  Romanum, 
and  elsewhere  often.  Translations  are  found  in  many  languages, 
several  in  old  German ;  in  English  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life 
in  Song,  p.  131 ;  J.  M.  Neale,  Mediaeval  Hymns,  p.  6 ;  and  in  SchaifT 


254  NOTES. 

Christ  in  Song,  p.  159  ;  Edward  Caswell,  and  others.  Neale  calls 
it  "one  of  the  grandest  in  the  treasury  of  the  Latin  Church."  It 
has  a  place  in  Randolph's  k*  Seven  Great  Hymns  of  the  Mediaeval 
Church,"  p.  140.  It  is  said  to  have  been  composed  on  the  recep- 
tion by  Queen  Rhadegunda  of  a  bit  of  the  True  Cross,  sent  to 
her  by  the  Emperor  Justin. 

Theme.  The  Cross  and  Passion. 

Line  1 .  Yexilla regis  prodeunt:  "Passio  Domini  venit,  et, 
quia  venit,  debemus  de  ipsa  aliquid  dicere.  Dicamus  quod  vexiUa 
regis  Ghristi  pivdeunt."  Ambrosius.  "  The  banners  are  the  sac- 
raments," say  some.  Others  say,  "  the  emblems  of  the  passion  " — 
"ut  flagella,  corona  spinea,  clavi,  lancea,  quibus  antiquum  debel- 
lavit  hostem."  Daniel,  1,  62. — 2.  Mysterium:  a  holy  prophetic 
emblem.  See  page  230,  line  7,  note  on  mystico. — 8.  Unda  et  san- 
guine: John  xix.,  34.  Many  read  unda  sanguine,  the  same  in 
sense  as  sanguis  unda  prqfluit.  Hymn  I.,  20,  p.  65. — 11.  In  na- 
tionibus,  etc.  Psalm  xcvi.,  10. — 12.  A  ligno :  not  in  our  versions 
or  our  Hebrew  texts.  Tertullian  (Adv.  Marcionem,  III.),  and  else- 
where, refers  to  it,  and  Justin  Martyr  (Contra  Tryphonem)  ac- 
cuses the  Jews  of  having  erased  it  from  the  Hebrew.  Daniel,  1, 
162.  — 12.  Purpura,  jmrjmrd,  sanguine  Christi.  — 18.  Pretium 
saeeuli:  so  in  line  28,  Hymn  I.  See  note.— 19.  Statera  corpo- 
ris, the  payment  of  the  body  having  been  made;  others  rehd  facta 
est;  many  read  statera  saeeuli,  the  price  of  the  world.— 20.  Tar- 
tar!: others  Tartaris. — 22.  Saporem  neetaris:  others  sapore  nee- 
tare  for  the  consonance  with  eortiee;  construing  in  favor  by  your 
nectar. — 20.  Gloria:  the  theme  of  the  salutation. — 27.  Qua, 
where  life  endured  death. — 29,  32.  This  verse  and  a  doxology 
used  by  the  Latin  Church  are  not  of  the  time  of  Fortunatus,  but 
of  the  later  age  which  began  to  worship  the  cross. 

Hymn  IV. 
In  Daniel,  1,  169  ;  Wackernagel,  1.  06  ;  Trench,  p.  152.    Trans- 
lations, many  in  oldest  German;    in   English  by  Mrs.  Charles, 
Christian   Life  in  Song,  p.  135;    Schaff,  Christ  in  Song.  p.  235; 
and    Others.      It    is   made   up   by  picking   lines  from   a   poem   of 

fifty-sis  verses,  addressed  "Ad  Felicem  episcopum,  de  paschate 
resurrectionis  Domini'1     Daniel  says:  kk  Ex  hoc  suayissimo  po- 


EUGENIUS,  69.  255 

emate  ecclesia  decern  versus  sibi  vindicavit."  He  means  ten  lines; 
but  some  copies  of  the  hymn  continue  the  chant  for  ten  stanzas. 

Theme.  The  resurrection  of  Christ. 

Line  1.  Festa  dies,  Easter.  Toto  aevo,  through  all  time,  i.  e.,  at 
any  time,  during  all  time.     H.,  426  ;  A.  and  G.,  55,  1 : 

"  Salve,  laeta  dies,  meliorque  revertere  semper, 
A  populo  rerum  digna  potente  coli." 

Ovid,  Fast.,  i.,  87,  88. 

— 2.  Qua,  on  which. — 4.  Renascentis,  in  spring. — 5.  Omnia  dona: 

He  that  spared  not  his  own  Son,  but  delivered  him  up  for  us  all, 
how  shall  he  not  with  him  also  freely  give  lis  all  things.  Romans 
viii.,  32. — 10.  Legibus  oppressis,  the  laics  of  death  having  been  put 
down,  i.  e.,  overcome,  done  away. — 12.  Qua  (die),  when. 


IX.  EUGENIUS. 
Life. — Eugenius,  called  also  Toletanus,  died  in  657,  having 
been  twelve  years  archbishop  of  Toledo.  He  presided  in  the 
ninth  and  tenth  councils  of  Toledo.  Besides  his  piety  and  learn- 
ing, he  is  known  for  his  poetical  talent.  He  wTote  several  pious 
epigrams,  and  a  poem  on  the  Works  of  the  Six  Days — "  The 
Hexaemeron." 

The  Hymn. 

In  Daniel,  1, 190;  Konigsfeld,  Lat.Hymnen  und  Gesange,  ii.,  90; 
and  in  the  older  collections  of  Cassander,  Thomasius,  Rambachi- 
us,  and  others.  I  know  of  no  English  translation,  and  have  se- 
lected it  partly  for  its  meter.  It  is  well  worth  study  for  its  sub- 
stantial merits  as  a  simple  and  terse  expression  of  the  wishes  and 
the  ideal  of  a  Christian  scholar  and  gentleman  of  the  old  time. 

Theme.  Wishes. 

Line  1.  Quo:  ablative  of  author  and  imminent  agent. — Con- 
stat: note  the  aptness  of  the  word,  stands  together. — Maehina 
mundi:  an  expression  of  Lucretius  (v.,  96,  97) ;  but  an  empty  fig- 
ure to  that  beautifier  of  the  sect  of  atheists.  "  This  goodly  frame, 
the  earths  Hamlet,  ii.,  2.  So  Milton,  Par.  Lost,  viii.,  15  : 
"  When  I  behold  this  yoodly  frame,  this  world, 
Of  heaven  and  earth  consisting." 


256  NOTES. 

"Thine  this  universal  frame. 

Thus  wondrous  fair:    thyself  how  wondrous  then." 

Par.  Lost,  v.,  154. 
And  see  p.  '2*24.  note  on  line  1  of  Hymn  I.  of  Ambrose. — 2,  Otlh- 
texts  read : 

"  Quod  miser  Eugenius  posco,  tu  perfice  clemens." 
— 3,  4,  5?  6,  Note  the  order:  sensum,  ingenium,  lumen;  and  then 
fides,  morum  correct  io.  The  prayer  for  light  of  universal  man- 
hood, the  Christian  beatitude  :  "  The  pure  in  heart  shall  see  God." 
—8.  Seereti:  genitive,  399;  A.  and  G.,  50,  3,  c. — Famine,  from 
famen,  gen. faminis,  n.,  speaking,  utterance  (Diet.  Med. Latin), late 
Latin  formed  on  for,  fori,  to  speak.  It  is  in  the  ablative  of  speci- 
fication after  cantos.  A.  and  G.,  54,  9.  Some  read  fulmine. — 
11.  Obuncet :  not  found  in  our  dictionaries  or  explained  else- 
where. The  word  unco,  -are,  occurs  as  an  onomatope  for  the 
roaring  of  the  bear,  "Ursus  ferus  uncat"  Auct.  Carm.  Philom., 
51.  And  that  might  possibly  go  with  languor  in  its  general  sense 
of  disease.  Perhaps  the  word  was  suggested  1  >y  cruc'u  t — cruet, it  us  \ 
cruciet :  :  obuncatus  :  dbuncet :  :  tormented  :  torment  :  :  bent :  bend  ; 
let  not  disease  crook  me  up. — 13.  Iurgia,  lites:  others,  iurgia  li- 
tis.— 14.  Others,  inmdiae  luocrn. — Pensio,  tax. — 21,  22.  Yincere 
ot  stadium  percurrere:  language  of  the  race-course.  1  Cor.  ix\, 
24;  Heb.  xii.,  1. — Plaeido  passu:  a  ste]i  placid,  in  the  sense  of 
free  from  worry. — 24.  Cuij  dative  of  separation ;  385,4;  A.  and 
G.,  51,  2,  e.  g. ;  partly  an  attraction  of  the  unexpressed  antecedent 
after  cona 


X.  AUCTOR  INCERTUS. 

This  hymn  is  as  old  as  the  seventh  century,  since  it  is  quoted 
by  Beda  (De  Metris).  Of  the  author  nothing  is  known,  except 
that  he  was  probably  also  author  of  another  hymn  of  the  same 
rhythm  and  style — a  matin  hymn  quoted  by  Beda,  beginning: 

';  Ilvmnum  dicat  turha  fratrum,  hymnum  cantus  personet," 
which  has  sometimes  been  attributed  to  Ililarius. 

In  Daniel.  1, 194  :  Trench,  p.  290.  Translations  by  Mrs.  Charles, 
Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  L42;  in  Schaff,  Chrisl  in  Bong, p.  369. 
N<  ;il<-  calls  it  "rugged  but  grand."      Daniel  says :  uIuvat  carmen 


AUCTOR   INCERTUS — GREGORIUS    MAGNUS,  71-74.      257 

fere  totum  e  scriptura  sacra  depromptum,  comparare  cum  cele- 
bratissimo  illo  extremi  iudicii  praeconio  '  Dies  irae,  dies  ilia,'  quo 
rnaiestate  et  terroribus,  non  sancta  simplicitate  et  tide  superatur." 
Neale  and  Trench  also  compare  it  in  similar  terms  with  the 
"  Dies  Irae,"  for  which  see  p.  154.  It  is  an  abecedary,  like  Psalm 
cxix.  and  Jeremiah. 

Theme,  The  day  of  Judgment. 

Line  1-4,  1  Thess.  v.,  2;  2  Peter  iii.,  10.— 5,  6.  Zech.ix.,  14; 
1  Cor.  xv.,  52  ;  Matt,  xxiv.,  31 ;  John  v.,  25 ;  1  Thess.  iv.,  16  — 
7,  8.  Matt,  xxv.,  31.— 9,  10.  Matt,  xxiv.,  29;  Rev.  vi.,  12-14.— 
115  12.  Dan.  vii.,  10;  Rev.  xxi.,  1.— 13-33.  Matt,  xxv.,  31-46.— 
34.  Mark  ix.,  44.— Morietur :  three  syllables.— 35,  30.  Matt. 
xxv.,  30.— 37-40.  Heb.  xi.,  16  ;  xii.,  22.— 41.  XPM=z  Christum.  P 
is  Greek  for  R.  x,  Greek  for  Ch,  is  wanted  for  the  abecedary. 
Christum  is  the  object  of  contemplantur.  Matt,  xvi.,  27;  Rev. 
xxi.,  23  ;  xxii.,  4. — 43.  Ydri,  i.  e.,  Hydri  (ydpog),  the  serpent,  Sa- 
tan.    Rev.  xii.,  9  ;  Gen.  iii.,  1.— 44,  45.  Matt,  xxv.,  1-13. 


XI.  GREGORIUS  MAGNUS. 

Life. — Gregory,  the  first  pope  of  that  name,  known  also  as 
Gregory  the  Great,  was  born  about  550,  of  an  illustrious  family 
of  Rome.  He  was  from  childhood  devoted  to  learning  and  re- 
ligion. He  became  prefect  of  Rome  in  573.  Upon  the  death  of 
his  father  he  devoted  his  immense  wealth  to  the  founding  of  mon- 
asteries, and  he  withdrew  from  secular  life  to  become  head  of 
one  of  them.  He  became  interested  in  England  by  seeing  some 
captives  exposed  for  sale,  and  induced  Pope  Pelagius  II.  to  send 
missionaries  to  them.  On  the  death  of  Pelagius,  he  was  made 
pope,  and  he  governed  the  Church  thirteen  years,  dying  in  604. 
"Neander  s};>eaks  of  him  as  the  last  of  the  classical  doctors  of  the 
Church,  as  forming  a  point  of  transition  between  the  old  Roman 
civilization  and  the  new  Teutonic  literature  and  civilization." 
He  was  a  man  of  action,  a  vigorous  and  sagacious  organizer  of 
the  suffering  and  distracted  Christians,  and  no  less  a  vehement 
aggressor  for  the  truth.  He  wrote  much  and  well.  His  "Pasto- 
rale," setting  forth  the  dangers,  duties,  and  obligations  of  the 


258  NOTES. 

pastoral  charge— "the  art  of  arts  and  the  science  of  sciences" — 
has  always  been  regarded  as  an  u incomparable "  book.  Popes 
and  councils  have  commanded  it  to  be  frequently  read.  It  was 
translated  by  King  Alfred  into  Anglo-Saxon.  lie  reformed  the 
ritual  of  the  Church.  His  selection  and  distribution  of  the 
Church  music,  still  called  the  Gregorian,  makes  his  name  famil- 
iar. There  is  a  growing  disposition  to  attribute  to  him  many  of 
the  best  of  the  old  Church  hymns.  For  his  life  and  the  story  of 
his  relations  to  England,  see  Aelfric's  homily  in  March's  Anglo- 
Saxon  Reader,  p.  35. 

Hymn  I. 

In  Daniel,  1,  177  ;  Wackernagel,  1,  75  ;  Hymni  Ecclesiae,  222 ; 
Breviarium  Ilomanum ;  and  elsewhere.  Translations  in  Hymns 
of  the  Ages,  p.  11 ;  Mant's  Ancient  Hymns,  p.  39. 

Thome,  Morning  Prayer.  It  is  used  at  the  lauds,  or  daybreak 
prayers,  between  matins  and  prime. 

Line  2.  Lucis  :  some  read  Lux  et. — 3.  Nisibus :  others  viribw. 
— 4.  Cunctipoteiitem :  others  omnipotmtem. — G.  Angorem:  the 
older  text  reads  languorem. — 7,  8.  The  Breviarium  Bom.  reads: 

"Donet  et  nobis  bona  sempiternae 
Munera  pacis." 

Hymn  II. 

In  Daniel,  1, 180  ;  Wackernagel,  1,  74.  Translation  in  SchafTs 
Christ  in  Song,  p.  696.  There  arc  several  German  versions.  Lu- 
ther held  it  to  be  the  best  of  all  hymns,  but  never  made  a  German 
version.     It  is  to  be  used  at  the  Lord's  Supper. 

Theme.   The  Passion. 

Line  3.  Phicare:  passive. — 15.  Per  probra:  others  perpvo- 
hr<K  infamous,  a  word  not  in  our  dictionaries. —  lft?  20.  Tradis 
spiritum,  you  give  up  the  ghost;  a  mighty  (potentem)  ghost,  or 
spirit,  as  shown  by  the  accompanying  events.    Luke  xxiii., 44-46. 

Hymn  TIL 
In  Daniel,  1,  178;  Mone,  1,  95;  Wackernagel,  1,  73;   Stephen- 
son's Latin  Hymns,  p.  62;  Hymni  Ecclesiae,  p.  66.     Translations 
in  Hymns  of  the  Ages,  p.  54  ;   Mant,  Ancient  Hymns,  p.  84. 


GREGORIUS   MAGNUS,  76-78.  259 

Theme.  Prayer  in  Lent. 

Line  4.  Quadra  gen  ario,  forty  days  before  Easter.  Matt,  iv.,  2. 
— 13.  Conteri:  the  Latin  texts  read  contere,  which  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  translation  (Stephenson,  p.  62),  oeon  to-bryt,  enables  ns  to 
recognize  as  a  slip  of  the  pen. — 14.  Dona:  a  verb. 

Hymn  IV. 
In  Daniel,  1, 176  ;  Wackernagel,  1,  71  ;  the  Breviaries.    Trans- 
lations in  Hymns  of  the  Ages,  p.  9 ;  Mant,  Ancient  Hymns,  j).  39. 
Theme.  Night-watch. 

Hymn  V. 

In  Daniel,  1,  235  (one  stanza) ;  Konigsfeld,  Lat.  Hymnen  mid 
Oesange,  1,  76.     It  may  not  be  Gregory's. 

Theme.  The  Epiphany.     Matt,  ii.,  1-12. 

Line  8.  Dona :  appositive  with  cultum.  They  come  to  offer  fes- 
tively^ reverence,  mystic  gifts;  the  things  given  for  the  act  of  giv- 
ing. For  mystic,  see  p.  230,  note  on  line  5.  The  Greek  service 
for  December  25  has  "Ekchjtov  tCjv  v-irb  gov  yevofxsvujv  KTiGfiarujv 
rr\v  evxctpLVTiav  gov  TrpoGayei '  ol  dyyeXoi  rbv  vjivov,  oi  ovpavol  TOV 
CLGrspa,  oi  fidyoi  rd  Siopa,  ol  Troifisveg  rb  Savfia,  r]  yrj  to  G7ri]\aiov,  i)  tpr]- 
fiog  ri)v  (\>drvr]v,  y)fieig  ce  /irjrepa  irapS'zvov. — 9.  TrOCleteu  (rpioyXrjTTjv), 
i.  e.,  Troglodytidem. — 9,  10.  See  p.  58,  Hymn  VI.,  lines  9-12,  and 
the  notes. — Bracteas:  here  not  specially  thin  plates,  as  the  dic- 
tionary says. — 12.  Tres,  the  three  magi;  their  bodies  are  said  to 
have  been  brought  to  Constantinople  by  the  Empress  Helena, 
thence  transferred  to  Milan,  thence  to  Cologne.  They  are  known 
as  "  The  three  kings  of  Cologne."  See  Cologne  in  Vocabulary  of 
Names  of  Fiction,  Webster's  Dictionary,  and  p.  183, 1.  7,  and  note. 

Hymn  VI. 
In  Daniel,  1,  213;  Mone,  1,  241 ;  Wackernagel,  1,  75  ;  and  in 
all  collections.  Translations  in  old  German,  by  Luther ;  and  in 
English  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  126 ;  and  by 
Dryden,  given  also  in  "  The  Seven  Great  Hymns ;"  and  others.  It 
has  been  commonly  attributed  to  Charlemagne,  but  is  plainly 
older,  and  is  confidently  assigned  to  Gregory  by  Mone  and  others. 
Imitation  of  Ambrose  is  found  in  verses  1  (Ambrose,  p.  12),  15, 


200  NOTES. 

1G  (Ambrose,  p,  13,  lines  23,  24).  This  hymn  lias  always  been  in- 
U'd  with  eminent  worth  and  dignity.  It  was  habitually  used 
in  solemn  and  important  ceremonies,  the  coronation  of  kings,  the 
Celebration  of  synods,  the  creation  of  popes,  the  translation  of 
relies.  It  was  also  thought  to  have  the  power  of  a  spell  to  keep 
oil"  fiends,  and  to  call  good  spirits.  The  Church  of  England, 
though  it  has  dismissed  other  hymns,  uses  this  in  the  ordering 
of  priests  and  the  consecration  of  bishops.  Daniel,  p.  214; 
Trench,  p.  184. 

Theme.  The  descent  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  It  is  for  the  day  of 
Pentecost. 

Line  5.  Paraclitus :  Note  the  metrical  accent  on  the  penult, 
showing  scholarly  pronunciation;  compare  line  30  in  the  added 
doxology.  "  Nostis  plurimi,  quod  Graeca  locutione  paraclitus  La- 
tina  advocatus  dicitur,  quia  pro  errore  deliquentium  apud  iusti- 
tiam  Patris  intervenit."  Greg.,  Horn,  in  Ev.,  ii.,  80,  3.  For  the 
Biblical  uses,  see  John  xiv.,  16.— G.  Domini  Dei :  Acts  ii.,  38.-7. 
Fons  virus:  John  vii.,  38,  39;  iv.,  14.— Ignis:  Luke  xii.,  49.— 
Caiitas:  Rom.  v.,  5;  vnctio,  1  John  ii.,  20,  27.  "A  saneto  spiri- 
tu  unguendis  mentibus  auditorum  ea,  quae  in  libris  veteribus  de 
Christo  dicta  sunt,  explanatur.  Filius  olei  (Isaiah  v.,  1)  fidelis 
populus  dicitur,  qui  ad  fidem  Dei  interna  Sancti  Spiritus  unctione 
generator."  Gregory,  Moral,  19,  24.  —  9.  Gregory  (Horn,  in 
Ezech.,  ii.,  6,  7)  mentions  the  seven  gifts  of  the  spirit,  according 
to  Isaiah  xi.,  2,  3:  sapientia,  intellect  us,  consilium*  fortitude),  scien- 
tia^pietas,  timor  Domini;  hence  the  old  memorial  verse: 

"  Sap.,  intel.,  eon.,  for.,  sci.,  pi.,  ti.,  collige  dona." 

— 10.  Digitus:  si  in  digito  Dei  ejicio  daemonia,  Luke  xi.,  20,  was 
compared  with  in  Sjnritu  Dei  ejicio  daemonia,  Matt,  xii.,  28  ;  and 
hence  Spiritus  and  digitus  thought  equivalent.  Augustine  sug- 
gests an  allusion  to  the  finejer  of  God  recording  the  law  for  Moses. 
— 11.  Promissum:  substantive  in  the  vocative,  i.  e.,  promissio 
Piitri*.  Acts  i.,  4.  Others  read  ]>romi,ssus.  and  most  promisso,  ac- 
cording to  the  promise. — 12.  Acts  ii.,  4. — 15,  10.  Ambrose,  p. 
1:5:  some  read  perpetd. — 27.  Te:  object  of  credamu8i  there  is  no 
connective  ;  some  read  teque,  others  change  te  to  </  without  manu- 
script authority,  and  without  necessity. 


BED  A,  79-81.  261 

XII.  BEDA. 
Life. — Beda,  "  the  Venerable  Bede,"  was  born  near  Wear- 
mouth  and  Yarrow,  673.  He  went  to  the  abbey  when  seven 
years  old,  and  studied  there  till  he  died,  May  26,  735.  He  was 
made  deacon  at  19,  priest  at  30,  and  declined  to  be  abbot,  lest 
he  might  be  hindered  in  pursuit  of  learning.  He  wrote  com- 
mentaries on  the  Bible,  biographies,  history,  treatises  on  natural 
science,  grammar,  versification.  He  was  fond  of  the  poetry  of 
his  native  tongue,  and  composed  verses  both  in  Anglo-Saxon 
and  Latin.  His  ecclesiastical  history  abounds  in  picturesque  and 
lively  scenes,  some  of  which  have  been  often  rendered  into  En- 
glish verse.  It  was  translated  into  Anglo-Saxon  by  King  Alfred. 
He  was  the  greatest  of  Anglo-Saxon  scholars,  and  is  one  of  the 
great  authors  of  the  world.     See  March's  Anglo-Saxon  Reader, 

p.  75. 

Hymn  I. 

In  Daniel,  1,  207  (one  stanza) ;  Konigsfeld,  Lat.  Hymnen  unci 
Gesange,  2,  112  ;  BecLVs  Works,  ed.  Giles,  1,  81.  Translations  by 
Dr.  Neale,  Mediaeval  Hymns,  p.  15  ;  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life 
in  Song,  p.  142,  one  stanza.  The  Biblical  expressions  are  skill- 
fully woven  together. 

Theme.  The  Slaughter  of  the  Innocents.     Matt,  ii.,  16-18. 

Line  6.  Quorum  angeli,  whose  angels,  i.  e.,  glorified  spirits. 

Compare  Rev.  vii.,  11. — 8.  Observe  the  first  and  last  line  of  each 

stanza.     The  Elegy  of  Sedulius  has  the  same  arrangement,  and 

so  have  Damiani,  Eugenius  Toletanus,  and  others  later. — 9-16. 

John  xiv.,  2. — 15.  Donat  sedibus  (eos),  presents  with  seats  (those), 

etc.,  a   frequent  construction  with  dono,  of  which  an  example 

should  be  in  the  grammars.     H.,  419,  3 ;  A.  and  G.,  54,  6. — 16-21. 

Matt,  ii.,  18.— 25-32.  Luke  xii.,  32  ;  John  x.,  1  —  33-40.  Rev.  vii., 

17 ;  Psalm  cxxvi., 5 ;  Isaiah  xxv.,  8. — 39. Lugentum,  i. e.,lugentium. 

—41-48.  Compare  Hymn  VI.,  p.  58.-43.  Nato,  Christ.— 49-56. 

Rev.  vii.  14. 

Hymn  II. 

In  Daniel,  1,  206;  Konigsfeld,  Lat.  Hymnen  und  Gesange,  1, 
84 ;  Beda's  Works,  ed.  Giles,  1,  83.  Translations  by  Mrs.  Charles, 
Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  141 ;  in  Schaff,  Christ  in  Song,  p.  305. 


2G2  NOTES, 

Theme.  The  Ascension  of  Christ. 

Line  14.  Monte  chrisinatis :  Matt,  xxviii.,  1G;  Acts  x.,  38; 
Heb.  i..  9.  Let  the  student  search  up  the  other  Biblical  expres- 
sions. 

Hymn  III. 

In  Daniel  1,208  (one  stanza);  Trench,  p.  217  ;  Beda's  Works, 
ed.  Giles,  1,  97. 

Theme.  The  Cross. 

Line  15.  Quae:  thou  who;  the  antecedent  is  implied  in  tuis; 
so  quae  in  line  17. — 21.  Gratulor:  the  subject  is  Saint  Andrew. 
the  Protoclete,  as  the  Greek  Church  calls  him  (John  i.,  40).  See 
line  29.  He  is  said  to  have  been  crucified  at  Patrae,  in  Achaia. 
When  he  saw  his  cross  at  a  distance,  he  cried  out :  "  Hail,  precious 
cross !  that  hast  been  consecrated  by  the  body  of  my  Lord,  and 
adorned  with  his  limbs  as  with  rich  jewels.  I  come  to  thee  ex- 
ulting and  glad  ;  receive  me  with  joy  into  thy  arms.  O  good 
cross,  that  hast  received  beauty  from  our  Lord's  limbs,  I  have 
ardently  loved  thee;  long  have  I  desired  and  sought  thee;  now 
thou  art  found  by  me,  and  art  made  ready  for  my  longing  soul; 
receive  me  into  thy  arms,  taking  me  from  among  men,  and  present 
me  to  my  Master;  that  he  who  redeemed  me  on  thee,  may  re- 
ceive me  by  thee."  Acts  of  St.  Andrew  ;  Lives  of  the  Saints,  iv.T 
422.  These  "  ardent  breathings,"  by  whomsoever  written,  kin- 
dled a  like  fervor  in  St.  Bernard  and  other  kindred  souls,  and  the 
hymn  above  is  but  a  versification  of  them. 


XIII.  PAULUS  DIACONUS. 
Life. — Paul,  also  called  Waunefrid,  was  born  at  Friuli,  i.  e., 
Forum  Iulii,  about  735.  He  was  educated  in  the  court  of  the 
Lombard  kings  at  Pavia.  He  retired  to  a  monastery,  and  is 
sometimes  called  Paulus  Monachus,  often  Diaconics.  He  wrote  a 
valuable  history  of  the  Lombards  of  his  own  time,  and  Latin 
verses,      lie  died  about  798. 

Tin:  Hymn. 
In   Daniel,  1,  201);  Konigsfeld,  bat.  Hymnen  und  Qesange,  1, 
66.     The  hymn  is  famous,  as  having  afforded  to  Guido  Arctinus 


PAULUS    DIACONUS — ALCUIN,  84-8G.  263 

the  names  of  the  notes  in  his  musical  scale — ut,  re,  mi,  fa,  sol,  la; 
the  first  letters  in  each  verse.  The  si  is  a  later  addition,  perhaps 
from  the  first  letters  of  Sancte  Iohannes.  Bi,  taken  from  labii,  was 
earlier  used,  and  ut  has  lately  been  changed  to  do,  for  mouthing. 
Weitzius,  as  given  in  Daniel,  complains  of  the  idolatrous  use  of 
the  hymn  as  a  charm  for  recovering  the  voice,  the  singers  think- 
ing John  their  God — "  tutelaris  Deus." 

Theme.  John  the  Baptist  the  giver  of  utterance. 

Line  1,  2.  Queant:  the  subject  is  famuli,  thy  servants;  the 
clause  is  subordinate,  denoting  purpose  after  solve. — Laxis  flbris  is 
intended  to  express  a  good  condition  of  voice. — 5,  6.  Solve  rea- 
tum,  quash  the  indictment,  relieve  the  condition.  The  stanza  is 
usually  printed  in  four  lines,  three  Sapphics  and  an  Adonic. — 
8.  Nuntius,  ayyfXoQ,  Luke  i.,  11 ;  it  goes  with  Oltjmpo,  as  ange- 
lus  with  Sion. — 10.  Patri,  Zacharias. — 13.  Seriem  gerendae  vi- 
tae:  the  angel  announced  (promit)  three  things:  the  birth  (te 
nasciturum),  the  name  (nomen),  and  the  course  of  life  to  be  led,  in 
order.— 15-18.  Luke  i.,  20.— 19-21.  Luke  i.,  64.-22-25.  Luke  i., 
41. — Obtruso,  hidden,  lit.,  stopped  up. — Thalamo :  see  p.  12,  Hymn 
IV.  of  Ambrose,  line  13. — 20,  27.  Uterque  parens:  Zacharias 
and  Elizabeth.  One  was  enabled,  meritis  nati^  to  tell  the  name  of 
John,  the  other  to  recognize  Christ. 


XIV.  ALCUIN. 
Life. — Alcuin,  A.-Sax.  Alepine,  was  born  at  York  about  735 ; 
was  noble,  a  monk,  deacon,  teacher,  author;  is  best  known  as 
the  friend  of  Charlemagne,  and  the  founder  of  organized  learning 
in  France;  died  804.  He  was  called  ATbinus  for  Alcuinus  (un- 
pronounceable in  France)  ;  and  in  the  Royal  Academy,  where  the 
members  used  fanciful  names,  he  called  himself  Flaccus,  from 
Horace,  the  king  being  David,  Angilbert  Homerus,  and  so  on. 
His  name  is  often  given  Flaccus  Albinus  Alcuinus.  He  left 
many  theological  works,  poems,  and  letters. 

The  Hymn. 
Alcuini  Opera,  Froben.,  2,  152.     Konigsfeld,  Lat,  Hymnen  und 
Gesange,  2,  122.     It  is  given  partly  for  the  alliteration  in  it, 


264  NOTES. 

3s  in  the  folk  poetry  of  the  Anglo-Saxons.  See  March's  Anglo- 
Saxon  Grammar,  p.  223-227.  But  it  is  a  noble  hymn;  the  high- 
est truth,  in  the  tenderest  relations,  simply  and  sweetly  expressed. 

Theme.  Man  the  image  of  God,  the  body  his  temple. 

Line  1.  Homo  alliterates  with  alnu\  the  h  being  silent,  as  was 
frequent  in  France,  occasional  in  Anglo-Saxon.  March,  503,  2,  b. 
2.  Fectore  alliterates  with  pads,  mente  with  amove,  a  double  alliter- 
ation in  pairs.  March,  504,  c. — 3.  MoJo  :  muridi,  parva  :\)avs<  ir- 
regularly arranged  pairs. — 4.  $ed:Sancte::  Solus,  a  perfect  line  in 
its  alliteration.  March,  504.  —  Supply  quia  est,  but  because  he 
alone,  Holy  One,  is  a  mighty  image  of  thee,  Creator.  The  starry 
heavens  and  the  idea  of  right  are  the  most  sublime  objects,  ac- 
cording to  Kant.  Of  the  first,  the  minidus,  man  is  but  parva  pars; 
in  the  second,  magna  pais,  solus. — G.  Peetore,  appositive  with 
arce,  a  repetition  of  the  idea  in  different  words,  a  most  marked 
trait  of  Anglo-Saxon  style.  March,  287,  definitive.  —  8,  Ora  : 
VLtque  alliterate. — 10.  Virgo,  Eulalia,  i.  e.  Gundrada,  cousin  of 
Charlemagne,  lily  of  his  court. — 11.  Caveto,  leep  in  mouth  these 
pious  words. — 12.  Tua  tempora  tota.  all  thy  times,  i.  e.,  thee  at 
all  times. — 13.  Cui,  for  Christ. — Te  dirige,  dress  thyself,  keep 
thyself  in  order. — 15.  Sine :  \fine,  the  rhyme  answers  for  allitera- 
tion.— 10.  Qui,  Christ. — 17.  Forma  salutis,  farm,  in  its  old  sense; 
formal  cause;  shaping  and  completing  energy. 


XV.  THEODULPHUS. 
Life. — TiiEODULrn  was  probably  of  German  blood,  but  is  said 
to  have  been  born  in  Italy  or  Spain.     Pie  was  bishop  of  Orleans, 
in  France,  and  died  there,  821.      Of  his  works,  which  include 
many  poems,  only  one  hymn  has  attained  fame. 

The  Hymn. 
In  Daniel,  1,  215;  Wackernagel,  1,  88;  the  Breviaries.  Trans- 
lations by  Xeale,  Mediaeval  Hymns,  p.  2o-25.  It  is  said  to  have 
been  composed  at  Metz,  others  say  Angers,  in  prison,  and  sung 
from  the  dungeon  window,  as  the  Emperor  Louis  was  passing  to 
the  cathedral,  on   Palm-Sunday.     The  good  bishop  was  at   onec 


THEODULPHUS — NOTKERUS    VETUSTIOR,  87,  88.        265 

set  free.  It  was  used  in  the  Protestant  Church  in  the  sixteenth 
century,  and  it  is  called  celeoer  et  praeclarus. 

Theme.  "  They  took  branches  of  palm-trees,  and  went  forth 
to  meet  him,  and  cried,  Hosanna :  blessed  is  the  King  of  Israel 
that  cometh  in  the  name  of  the  Lord." — John  xii.,  13;  Matt. 
xxi.,  8. 

Line  2.  Puerile  decus,  youthful  oeauty,  i.  e.,  the  most  comely 
youths.  Matt,  xxi.,  15. — 3.  Israel,  undeclined ;  some  supply  es. 
Other  verses  were  added,  unequal  to  Theodulf 's,  e.  g. : 

"  Sis  pins  ascensor  tu,  nos  quoque.  simus  asellus, 
Tecum  nos  capiat  nrbs  veneranda  Dei." 

"Be  Thou,  O  Lord,  the  Rider, 
And  we  the  little  ass ; 
That  to  God's  Holy  City 
Together  we  may  pass." 


XVI.  NOTKERUS  VETUSTIOR. 

Life. — Notker,  surnamed  Babulus,  the  stammerer,  was  a  learned 
Benedictine  monk  of  the  Monastery  of  St.  Gall,  in  Switzerland, 
who  died  in  912.  He  is  to  be  distinguished  from  the  younger 
Notker,  also  a  monk  of  St.  Gall,  whose  version  of  the  Psalms  is 
so  important  a  monument  of  Old  German.  In  the  old  Church 
service,  between  the  Epistle  and  the  Gospel  an  alleluia  was  sung, 
and  the  last  syllable,  -ia,  was  prolonged  40,  50,  or  even  100  notes, 
to  give  time  for  the  deacon  to  go  from  the  altar  to  the  rood-loft, 
where  he  sang  the  Gospel.  Notker  first  put  words  in  place  of 
the  prolonged  alleluia.  These  were  called  Sequences  and  Proses, 
because  written  in  rhythmical  prose  without  proper  meter. 

Hymn  I. 

In  Daniel,  2,  328 ;  Mone,  1,397;  Wackernagel,  1,  94;  and 
elsewhere.  This  world-famous  hymn  is  said  to  have  been  com- 
posed while  watching  the  samphire-gatherers  on  the  precipices 
around  St.  Gall ;  perhaps  it  was  in  the  mind  of  Shakespeare  when 
he  wrote,  in  his  description  of  the  cliffs  of  Dover ; 

M 


266  NOTES. 

"  Half-way  down 
Hangs  one  that  gathers  samphire;  dreadful  trade  V 

King  Lear,  iv.,  5  (6). 

Theme.     Death.     Compare  the  English  Burial  Service. 
Line  1,  2.  Media  vita  in  morte  sumus,  in  the  midst  of  life  we 
are  in  death — in  the  realm  of  death,  temporal  and  spiritual. 

"Unicuique  mortalium  sub  quotidianis  vitae  huius  casibus  innumera- 
biles  mortes  quodammodo  eomminantur." — Augustine,  De  Civ.  Dei,  1, 
9;  Mone,  1,398. 

"  Thy  root  is  ever  in  its  grave, 
And  thou  must  die." 

George  Herbert. 

"Men  look  on  death  as  lightning,  always  far 
Off  or  in  heaven.     They  know  not  it  is  in 
Themselves,  a  strong  and  inward  tendency, 
The  soul  of  every  atom,  every  hair." 

Festus. 

— 9,  10.  Amarae  mortis  the  sting  of  death  is  sin.     1  Cor.  xv.,  56  ; 
see  also  the  note  on  Mors,  p.  229,  VIII,  25. 

"But,  above  all,  believe  it,  the  sweetest  canticle  is,  'Nunc  dimittis,' 
when  a  man  hath  obtained  worthy  ends  and  expectations." — Bacon, 
Essay  on  Death. 

Hymn  H. 

In  Daniel,  2,  5 ;  Wackernagel,  1,  69.  Translation,  or  version, 
by  Luther,  "  Gelobet  seist  Du,  Jesu  Christ ;"  in  English,  by  Schaff, 
Christ  in  Song,  p.  53.  It  is  used  as  a  sequence  after  the  hymn  at 
cock-crow  on  Christmas.     Wackernagel  attributes  it  to  Gregory. 

Hymn  III. 

In  Daniel,  2,  3;  Wackernagel,  1,  95.  It  is  used  as  a  sequence 
at  the  same  place  in  the  service  as  Hymn  II. 

Theme.  Christmas. 

Line  4.  Maris  stella,  Star  of  the  sea,  i.  e.,  the  Virgin  Mary. 
This  is  the  earliest  use  of  this  name  known.  It  took  strong  hold 
of  the  imagination  of  the  Christian  world;  sec  the  next  hymn. — 
Claudia,  Christ,  used  like  the  English  Joy,  for  the  person  who 
gives  joy;  see  examples  in  the  Lexicon.  -5.  (Juem,  Christ  :  the  an- 
tecedent is  gaudia,  by  synesis.     II.,  445,  5  ;  A.  and  (J.,  48,  2,  b.— 


AUCTOR   INCERTUS,  90,91.  267 

6.  Coluber:  Rev.  xii.,  9.-7.  Ovis:  Luke  xv.,4;  Matt,  xviii.,  12. 
— 9.  Drachma:  Luke  xv.,  8. — 15,  Pastor  pius:  John  x.,  11. — 
Galeam:  Eph.  vi.,  17. 


XVII.  AUCTOR  INCERTUS. 

The  following  hymn  is  ascribed  to  Fortunatus,  (see  page  64)  by 
Wackernagel,  after  Thomasius ;  Daniel  places  it  in  the  6th-9th 
century,  Mone  later  still. 

The  Hymn. 
In  Daniel,  1,  204;  Mone,  2,  216;  Wackernagel,  1,  67;  all  the 
Breviaries.  Hymns  unnumbered  have  been  made  in  Latin,  Ger- 
man, and  other  languages,  in  imitation  of  it,  or  on  its  suggestion. 
In  English,  the  Evening  Hymn  of  Mrs.  Hemans  is  most  familiar. 
Mrs.  Charles  gives  a  prose  translation  in  Christ.  Life  in  Song,  p.  207. 
Theme,  The  Virgin  Mary. 

Line  1.  Maris  stella:  There  was  a  great  fondness  for  making 
proper  names  significant  in  the  early  Church,  and  as  they  knew 
no  Hebrew,  they  sought  the  meanings  in  Latin.  They  took  Ma- 
ria to  be  from  mare,  the  sea.  The  two  leading  texts  were  "  con- 
gregationes  aquarum  appellavit  Maria.  Et  vidit  Deus  quod  es- 
set  bonum,"  Gen.  i.,  10;  "super  maria  fundavit  eum,"  Psalm 
xxiii.,  2.  The  Virgin  Mary  is  accordingly  the  sea  with  many 
early  poets : 

"  Omnes  rivi  cursim  fluunt, 
Et  in  sinum  maris  ruunt, 
Mare  hinc  non  effluit ; 
Ad  Mariam,  tanquam  mare, 
Peccatores  currunt,  quare  ? 
Quia  nullum  respuit, 

O,  Maria ! 
Semper  dulcis,  semper  pia. " 

Auct.  Incert.,  xiv.  Cent. 

She  is  also  often  spoken  of  as  a  star,  the  sun,  the  moon.  The 
two  figures  are  fused  in  stella  maris.  "  Sicut  stella  praestat 
ducatum  nautis  ut  veniant  ad  portum,  ita  ducatu  virginis  Ma- 
riae  venimus  ad  portum,  i.  e.,  ad  Christum."  Hilarius,  in  Dan- 
iel, 1,  205. —  4-8.  The  comparison  of  Eve  with  the  Virgin  is 


268  NOTES. 

very  common  from  the  time  of  Irenaeus.  Then  it  was  suggest- 
ed that  tlif  name  Eva  was  a  mystical  forerunner  of  the  salutation 
of  Gabriel,  by  which  the  virgin  was  made  to  conceive.  See  note 
on  p.  249,  line  2 :  "  Deus  per  angelum,"  etc.  And  finally  the 
word  of  salutation  are  was  interpreted  as  from  a,  ab,  and  vae, 
woe.  The  stanza  means,  "Conceiving  Christ  by  the  Ave  from 
the  mouth  of  Gabriel,  give  us  firm  peace  with  God,  changing  the 
word  Eva  to  Ave,  the  wholesome  token  of  Christ." — 12.  Pray  for 
us. — 13,  Matrem,  mother  of  us  all,  as  of  John.  John  xix.,  26,  27. 
— 14.  Suinat  agrees  with  the  antecedent  of  qui,  Christ. 


XVIII.  ROBERTUS,  REX. 
Life. — Robert  II.,  son  of  Hugh  Capet,  born  971,  succeeded 
his  father  on  the  throne  of  France,  997.  His  life  is  at  hand  in 
histories  and  dictionaries.  "  Sismondi  (Hist,  des  Francais,  iv., 
98)  brings  him  very  vividly  before  us  in  all  the  beauty  of  his 
character,  and  also  in  all  his  evident  unfitness,  a  man  of  gentle- 
ness and  peace,  for  contending  with  the  men  of  iron  by  whom 
he  was  surrounded. "  Trench,  p.  195.  He  got  himself  excom- 
municated by  the  pope  by  marrying  his  second  cousin,  and  had 
many  sore  troubles,  both  domestic  and  public.  He  was  a  com- 
poser of  music  as  well  as  of  hymns.     He  died  in  1031. 

The  Hymn. 

In  Daniel,  2,  35;  Mone,  1,  244;  Wackernagel,  1,  105;  Trench, 
p.  19G  ;  and  in  most  modern  Breviaries  and  collections.  There 
are  also  many  translations  in  many  languages  :  in  English,  by 
Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  185;  Hymns  of  the  Ages, 
p.  51 ;  the  Seven  Great  Hymns,  p.  12G.  It  is  often  mentioned  as 
next  in  rank  among  hymns  to  the  "Dies  Irae"— first  in  "  loveli- 
ness," as  that  is  first  in  terror. 

Theme.  The  Holy  Spirit,  the  Comforter. 

Line  2.  Coelifos,  adv.,  p.  282.— 3.  Hymn  I.,p.  218.— 4.  Pater 
panperum  :  Matt,  v.,  3.-8,  f).  Duleis :  "  Gustemus  saltern,  quani 
Buavis  est  Dominus,  quia  dedit  nobis  pignus  Spiritual,  in  quo 
S'-ntiamus  eius  dulcedinem  et  desideremus  ipsum  vitac  fontem. 


PETEUS   DAMIANI,  94-96.  269 

ubi  sobria  ebrietate  inundemur  et  irrigemur."  Augustine,  De 
Agone  Christi,  10;  Mone,  1,  245. — 17.  Nihil:  Trench  suggests 
quicquid. — 19.  Lara,  riga:  John  iii.,  5  ;  Isaiah  xliv.,  3 ;  xxxv.,  6,  7. 
— 24.  Sana:  Luke  x.,  33,  34.— 25.  Da  septenarium.  See  (p.  77, 
VI.,  line  9)  Septiformis,  and  the  note  upon  it,  p.  260. 


XIX.  PETRUS  DAMIAOT. 
Life. — Peter  (Pietro)  Damiani  was  born  at  Ravenna,  1002. 
He  was  the  intimate  friend  of  Hildebrand,  afterward  Pope  Greg- 
ory VII.,  and  was  made  by  him  cardinal-bishop  of  Ostia,  1057. 
He  was  a  zealous  helper  in  the  reformation  of  the  Church  by 
Hildebrand,  whom  yet  he  called  Saiictus  Satanas.  He  laid  down 
the  cardinal's  hat,  and  spent  some  years  of  retirement  as  abbot  of 
Santa  Croce  d'Abellano  before  he  died,  1072.  He  wrote  much 
Latin  verse,  of  which  the  hymn  "  De  Gaudiis  Paradisi,"  given  on 

p.  45,  is  best  known. 

Hymn  I. 

In  Daniel,  1,  224 ;  Konigsfeld,  Lat.  Hymnen  und  Gesange,  1, 
112;  Trench,  p.  278.  Translations  by  Dr.  Neale,  Mediaeval 
Hymns,  p.  52  ;  E.  C.  Benedict,  in  SchaflPs  Christ  in  Song,  p.  640. 
Neale  speaks  of  it  as  "  This  awful  hymn,  the  '  Dies  Irae '  of  indi- 
vidual life." 

Theme.  The  Day  of  Death. 

Line  10.  Partes,  parties,  companies. — 11.  Tirtutes:  Romans 
viii.,  38  ;  Coloss.  i.,  16  ;  a  use  frequent  in  the  hymns. — 12.Propius, 
nearer  than  the  other  party  to  the  dying  man. — Meritanij  his 
desert. — 23.  Latum : 

"Lord,  who  hast  formed  me  out  of  mud." — George  Herbert. 

— Pervolvitur,  it  icelters. — 24.  Ut  carcerati:  supply  sohuntur 
laetabundi,  i.  e.,  rejoice  when  freed. — 26.  Dirae  Pestis,  Satan. — 
Incursant,  make  raids,  beset  the  road. — 27.  Et  diversa,  etc.zr: 
Vitii  cuiusque,  etc.,  line  30. — 33.  Ab  pudore,  from,  i.  e.,  by  reason 
of  the  disgrace  of  the  enemy. — 36.  Dracontea:  adjective  formed 
from  draco,  and  meaning  ^'  or  belonging  to  a  dragon.  It  is  in  the 
last  edition  of  White  and  Riddle's  Latin  Diet.— 38,  39.  His  (spi- 
ns).— 42.  Ius,  right,  power. — 43.  Pars.  See  line  10.— 45.  Where 


270  NOTES. 

I  may  enjoy  thee,  the  cause  of  life,  for  ages.  Konigsf.  Others  read 
videndi  for  vivemli:  Where  by  reason  of  seeing  thee,  I  may  enjoy 
(thee  or  life)  for  ages. 

Hymn  II. 

In  Daniel,  1,  223;  Konigsfeld,  2,  150;  the  Breviarium  Roma- 
num.  It  may  interest  the  student  to  see  how  much  of  this  hymn 
lie  can  find  in  former  hymns.  Compare  especially  the  Paschal 
hymns  of  Ambrose,  XL,  XIL,  p.  33,  34. 

Theme.  Easter. 

Line  37-30.  See  p.  236,  note  on  line  3  of  Hymn  XI.— 48.  Fla- 
mini,  the  Spirit.     Flamen  :fo  : :  Spiritus  :  spiro. 

Hymn  III. 

In  Daniel,  1,  225  ;  Konigsfeld,  2, 154. 

Theme.  Paul. 

Line  1.  Doctor  egrregie.  See  p.  250,  251,  notes  on  the  hymn  of 
Elpis,  lines  5,  13. — 2.  The  Greek  service  for  February  15  has 
XlavXog  caXiriyZ  Otia.  Chrysostom,  De  Terrae  motu,  9,  calls  him 
kvpa  rod  Trvevftarog.  Konrad  of  Gaming  calls  Peter  and  Paul  Bi- 
nae  tubae  argenteae.     Mone,  3,  93. 

''Tuba  Domini,  Paule,  maxima, 
De  coelestibus  dans  tonitrua, 
Hostes  dissipans,  cives  aggrega." 

Abelakd,  in  Trench,  p.  207. 

The  trumpets  of  silver  were  used  for  calling  the  assembly  (Num. 
x.,  2),  and  for  the  heartening  of  the  people  against  their  enemies 
(Num.  x.,  9;  xxxi.,  6). — 3.  Nubes:  Qui  sunt  isti  qui  ut  /ntbes  vo- 
lant? Isaiah  lxx.,  8.  A  passage  often  applied  to  the  apostles. 
See  p.  185,  III.,  2,  and  note.— 10.  2  Cor.  xii.,  2-4.— 13.  Luke  viii., 
11. — 17.  Acts  xiii.,47. 


XX.  MARBOD. 
life* — Mabbod,  born  in  1035,  of  an  illustrious  family  in  An- 
jou,  was  chosen  bishop  of  Rennes  in  1095,  and  having  governed 

his  diocese  with  admirable  prudence  for  thirty  years,  died  in 
1125.     lie  left  a  large  amount  of  Latin  poetry,  in  great  part  vcrsi- 


MARBOD — HILDEBERTUS    TURONENSIS,  99-102.         271 

fied  legends  of  saints.  His  poem  "  De  Geinmis  "  was  a  great 
favorite  in  the  Middle  Ages.  It  contains  the  whole  rich  mythol- 
ogy of  the  period  in  regard  to  precious  stones  and  their  virtues. 
His  poems  are  mostly  written  in  leonine  verse,  i.  e.,  with  a  middle 
rhyme  to  the  end,  like  Hymn  II.,  but  he  has  some  good  hexame- 
ters.    Trench,  p.  275. 

Poem  I. 

Hildeberti  et  Marbodi  Opera,  p.  1615 ;  Trench,  Sacred  Latin 
Poetry,  p.  284. 

Theme*  The  resurrection  of  the  dead. 

Marbod  follows  closely  Tertullian,  De  Res.  Carnis,  12;  De 
Anima,  43 ;  Trench,  p.  284.  The  poem  presents  no  difficulties. 
It  has  been  selected  partly  for  its  meter. 

Poem  II. 

Hildeberti  et  Marbodi  Opera,  p, 1557 ;  Trench,  Sacred  Latin 
Poetry,  p.  275.  Leonine  trochaic  tetrameters  are  often  printed  in 
two  lines,  as  here. 

Theme.  A  prayer  to  God-man  for  pity. 

Line  16,  Non  est  tecum,  is  not  with  you,  not  in  accordance  with 
your  character.  Note  the  rhyme,  aequum  :  tecum;  qu=zc,  i.  e.,  1c; 
ae=e;  others  mecum.     Lines  1,  2,  21,  22  are  from  auother  hymn. 


XXI.  HILDEBERTUS  TURONENSIS. 

Life. — Hildebert  was  born  at  Lavardin,  in  France,  in  1057 ; 

was  a  scholar  of  Berengarius ;  teacher  of  theology  at  Mans ;  bishop 

of  Mans,  1097 ;  archbishop  of  Tours  (hence  called  Turonensis), 

1125  ;  died  in  1134.     He  was  one  of  the  most  eminent  men  of  his 

time  for  learning  and  piety,  and  left  many  writings,  among  them 

more   than  ten  thousand  verses.      Dr.  Neale   and   Archbishop 

Trench  express  the  liveliest  admiration  for  a  few  passages  of  his 

poetry. 

Hymn  I. 

Konigsfeld,  Lat.  Hymnen  und  Gesange,  2,  174,  where  also  is  a 
translation  into  German.     Hild.  et  Marbod.  Opera,  p.  1178. 
Theme.  The  Christian's  love  of  Christ. 
Line  1.  Turtur:  usually  masculine,  is  here  feminine. — Inane, 


272 


NOTES. 


«%,  in  contrast  with  the  effects  of  love  mentioned  in  verses  3,  4. 
—8.  Tenebit  (maritum  in  memoria).  Many  poets  have  cele- 
brated the  turtle.     Compare : 

"  I  heard  a  stock-dove  sing  or  say 

His  homely  tale,  this  very  day  ; 

His  voice  was  buried  among  trees 

Yet  to  be  come  at  by  the  breeze ; 

He  did  not  cease;  but  cooed — and  cooed- 

And  somewhat  pensively  he  wooed ; 

He  sang  of  love  with  quiet  blending, 

Slow  to  begin  and  never  ending ; 

Of  serious  faith  and  inward  glee  ; 

That  was  the  song— the  song  for  me!" 

Wordsworth. 
—12.  Se,  Christo.— 16.  Aeth(e)re.— 17.  Inde  futurum,  will  come 
t7ience.— 18.  Microcosmum,  mankind,  the  little  world,  in  distinc- 
tion from  the  macrocosm. 

Hymn  II. 

In  Trench,  Sacred  Latin  Poetry,  p.  323 ;  Hildeberti  et  Marbodi 
Opera,  p.  1337;  Mone,  1,  14  (90  lines);  Neale's  Hymns  on  the 
Joys  and  Glories  of  Paradise,  p.  27,  an  extract  with  a  translation  ; 
Konigsfeld,  Lat.  Hymnen  und  Gesange,  2,  176,  an  extract  with 
translation.  Hugh  of  St.  Victor  quotes  from  it  and  praises  it. 
Trench  reserves  it  as  a  "grand  close"  to  his  book.  "It  rises:' 
he  says,  "  in  poetical  animation,  until  towards  the  end  it  equals 
the  very  best  productions  which  Latin  Christian  poetry  any  where 
can  boast," 

Theme.  The  Father,  the  Son,  the  Holy  Ghost,  the  Trinity,  the 
New  Jerusalem. 

Line  1.  Read  Q  by  its  sound,  as  we  read  the  letter  0  in  En- 
glish—not by  its  name,  omega.  Compare  p.  51,  line  9:  "a  et  12 
cognominatus."  Rev.  i.,  8.-2.  Heli5  i.  e.,  Eli.  Mark  xv.,  34 ; 
Matt,  xxvii,  4G.  The  confusion  of  IPs  in  foreign  proper  names 
Lb  great.  The  letter  was  slightly  sounded  or  silent  in  France. — 
J).  Totum  posse,  to  be  able  to  do  all.  Supply  est.— 7.  Supply  qui 
<*. — 25.  Necesse;  used  substantively — necessity  does  not  change 
thy  being.— 27.  .Nostrum  lieri,  owyesterday  is  always  now  to  thee. 


HILDEBERTUS    TUKONENSIS,   104-109.  273 

— 31.  Hoc,  i.  e.,  sempitemo  hodierno.Si:.  Giving  form  to  the  ele- 
ments of  the  world. — 37.  Heb.  i.,  3. — 47,  48.  Assumptus,  con- 
suinptus :  "  Homo  assumptus  est  a  Deo,  non  in  homine  consump- 
tus  est  Deus."  Augustine,  Ep.,  170,  9 ;  Mone,  1,  19. — 50.  Carnis 
yeritate  corresponds  in  construction  to  Beitate. — 55,  56.  "  Non 
potes  dicere,  si  Christus  natus  fuisset  et  hominem  vere  induisset, 
Deus  esse  desisset,  amittens  quod  erat,  dum  assumit  quod  non 
erat ;  periculum  enim  status  sui  Deo  nullum  est."  Tertull.,  De 
Carne  Christi,  3.  "Accessit  illi  homo,  non  amissus  est  Deus." 
Augustine,  in  Ev.  John,  1,  8,  3. — 85.  Usiae,  substance  (ovaia) ; 
unitatem  usiae  is  an  imitation  of  bjioovala,  and  classes  Hildebert 
among  the  orthodox  Homoousians,  in  distinction  from  the  heretic 
Homoiousians. — 92.  Here  error  is  not  without  harm. — 99.  ^il  prae- 
tendo,  "nothing  in  my  hand  I  bring." — 103.  Cataplasma :  uEx 
Deo  et  homine  factum  est  cataplasma,  quod  sanaret  omnes  infirnii- 
tates  nostras,  Spiritu  Sancto  tanquam  pistillo  hasce  species  suavi- 
ter  in  utero  Mariae  commiscente."  Bernard,  in  Trench,  p.  329. — 
105.  Extra  portum:  Luke  vii.,  12.  With  this  allusion  to  the  sto- 
ry of  the  Widow  of  Nam,  Dr.  Neale's  extract  begins. — 106-112. 
John  xi.,  39-44— 113-120.  Matt,  viii.,  26;  xiv.,  32.  Trench 
thinks  that  the  winds  and  waves  are  called  piratae  by  a  bold  per- 
sonification ;  he  is  very  anxious  to  avoid  introducing  new  ma- 
terial in  the  Scriptural  account  of  Christ's  stilling  the  storm. — 
121-128.  Ficus:  Luke  xiii.,  6-9.— 129-138.  Allusion  to  the  lu- 
natic child  :  Matt,  xvii.,  14  ;  Mark  ix.,  22.— 132.  TiM  soli:  Matt, 
xvii.,  16.  The  disciples  can  not  help  me. — 137,  138.  Matt,  xvii., 
21.— 141,  142.  Timorein,  etc.  He  asks  for  the  fear  which  is  the 
beginning  of  wisdom,  and  yet  remembers  that  perfect  love  casts 
out  fear.  1  John  iv.,  18.  Fear  is  the  needle  which  introduces 
the  thread  of  love,  suggests  Augustine,  commenting  on  this  pas- 
sage of  John  :  projecto,  absolute  ;  conjecto  is  indie,  present. — 157. 
Motum,  progress  in  advancement.     Neale  reads  metum  : 

"  Wholesome  fear  in  wealth  Thou  sendest." 
—161,  162. 

"What  I  need  to  know,  Thou  solvest ; 
What  I  need  not,  Thou  involvest." 

-»«-  c\  Neale. 

M  2 


274  n<»tes. 

— 176.  Li  spin  m  cruets :  a  use  of  the  wood  of  the  cross  to  be 
added  to  those  mentioned  on  p.  252,  note  to  Hymn  I.,  line  G. 
Trench  has  omitted  two  lines: 

"  Cuius  claves  lingua  Petri. 
Cuius  cives  semper  laeti." 

—177.  Lapis  vims:  1  Peter  ii.,  4,  C— 178.  Matt. xxii.,  2.— 179. 
Rev.xxi,  23.— 188.  Matt  xvi,  18— 190-192.  "  O  civitas  sancta, 
civitas  speciosa,  de  longinquo  te  saluto,  ad  te  clamo,  te  requiro." 
Augustine,  De  Spir.  et  Anim.,  Trench,  p.  332.— 196,  197.  Rev. 
xxi.,  19,  20. 


XXII.  PETRUS  ABAELARDUS. 
Life. — Peter  (Pierre)  Abelard  was  born  near  Nantes,  1079. 
He  distinguished  himself  early  in  the  schools  of  Paris  by  his 
mastery  of  languages  and  logic.  About  1101  he  set  up  a  school 
at  Melun,  but  soon  after  returned  to  Paris,  and  won  unrivaled 
popularity  as  a  teacher  and  disputant.  In  1113  he  went  to  Laon 
to  study  divinity  with  Anselm.  He  became  involved  in  bitter 
disputes  on  questions  of  philosophy  and  theology,  and  had  to  go 
back  to  Paris.  There  he  was  more  popular  than  ever.  His 
amour  with  his  pupil  Heloise  ruined  him.  After  a  period  of  per- 
secutions he  died,  1142.  He  was  the  most  brilliant  man  of  his 
times — bold,  rationalistic,  imaginative,  conceited,  and  pugnacious. 
His  poetry,  as  well  as  his  other  writings,  was  greatly  admired ; 
but  it  is  the  common  judgment  of  late  students  of  his  times  that 
u  his  life  was  the  shipwreck  of  genius,"  and  "  unserviceable  to 
posterity."  It  is  mainly  from  his  connection  with  Heloise,  a  k'  far 
nobler  and  deeper  character  than  he,"  that  he  is  now  known. 
Hallam,  Middle  Ages,  iv.,  377  ;  Trench,  p.  20G. 

Hymn  I. 

In    Edelestand    du   Meril,  Poesies   Popul.  Lat.,  1847,  p.  444; 
Trench,  p.  251.     It  is  one  of  a  series  on  the  Works  of  the  Days, 
like  that  in  the  Ambrosiani,  p.  36-39.     It  contains  an  impre  s 
ive  and  practical  thought,  and  the  expression  is  clear  and  vigor- 
ous.    There  is  excellent  taste  shown  in  the  selection  of  the  me- 


PETRUS    ABAELARDUS,  110,  111.  275 

ter,  and  the  arrangement  of  the  stanza,  with  its  lengthened  final 
lines,  is  forcible  and  pleasing.  But,  after  all,  true  musical  flow  is 
wanting  to  the  rhythm. 

Theme.  The  sky  the  dome  of  the  poor  man's  palace. 

Line  1.  Germina  ornarnnt:  Gen.  i.,  11, 12. — 2.  Luminaria  (or- 
narunt) :  Gen.  i.,  14. — 3.  (Coelum)  depingitur :  Gen.  i.,  16. — 4. 
Multus  usus,  many  (a)  use ;  so  in  Anglo-Saxon,  manig  man,  in 
German,  and  elsewhere ;  the  article  a  appears  in  the  latest  Anglo- 
Saxon,  Layamon.  March's  Anglo-Saxon  Grammar,  395,  2. — 7. 
Tuam  agrees  with  se, — 15,  16,  Hinc,  inde,  on  one  side  and  on  the 
other  side  of  the  poor  man's  grassy  bed  : 

"  The  stars  have  us  to  bed  : 
Night  draws  the  curtain  ;  which  the  sun  withdraws. 
Music  and  light  attend  our  head." 

—29,  30. 

"  For  us  the  winds  do  blow, 
The  earth  doth  rest,  heaven  move,  and  fountains  flow." 

"More  servants  wait  on  man 
Than  he'll  take  notice  of.     In  every  path 

He  treads  down  that  which  doth  befriend  him, 
When  sickness  makes  him  pale  and  wan. 
Oh,  mighty  love !     Man  is  one  world,  and  hath 
Another  to  attend  him." 

George  Herbert. 


(4 

ratum 


Plus  est  pauperi  videre  coelum  stellatum  quam  diviti  tectum  inau- 
m." — Augustine,  in  Trench,  p.  252. 


Hymn  II. 

In  Daniel,  2,  59 ;  Mone,  2,  31 ;  Wackernagel,  1,  116 ;  Konigs- 
feld,  Lat.  Hymnen  und  Gesange,  2, 170.  Translations  in  the  old- 
est German,  and  so  on  down  to  Konigsfeld. 

Theme.  The  Annunciation.     Luke  i.,  26. 

Line  2-4.  uAd  Mariam  Virginem  non  quilibet  angelus,  sed  Gabri- 
el Archangelus  mittitur."  Gregory,  Horn,  in  Evang.,  2,  34, 8.  " Non 
arbitror,  hunc  angelum  de  minoribus  esse  .  .  .  quod  ex  eius  no- 
mine palam  intelligi  datur,  quod  interpretatum  fortitudo  Dei  di- 
citur."     Bernard,  Horn.,  1,  2;  Mone,  2,  32.     For  the  interpreta- 


276  NOTES. 

tion  of  G(il>ri-(1  as  the  strength  of  God,  see  the  dictionaries  in  Cru- 
den's  Concordance,  Webster,  Gesenius's  Hebrew  Diet.,  p.  177, 
173. — 1.  Suum :  others  read  mam,  his  own  fortitude,  an  archan- 
gel. Fortitudo  must  be  used  as  a  sort  of  proper  name. — 6.  Ex- 
pediat,  he  (amator  hominis)  dispatched.  —  9.  Praejudicium,  that 
lie  may  do  injury  to  nature,  or  possibly  make  an  exception  to  nat- 
ure.— 14.  Zyma  (Zvtirj),  leaven,  1  Cor.  v.,  8,  accusative  singular  un- 
declined ;  not  in  the  dictionaries.  Adam  of  St.  Victor  has  a 
hymn  beginning  Zyma  vetus  expurgetur,  "  Let  the  old  leaven  be 
purged  out.1'  Neale,  Mediaeval  Hymns,  p.  118.— 22.  Munda- 
num  principem:  John  xii.,  31.— 28-30.  The  words  of  the  angel 
to  Mary  are  taken  from  the  Old  Testament.  He  makes  their 
meaning  plain. — 32.  Dan.ix.,  23. — 33.  Dan.  x.,  11. — 34.  Judges 
vi.,  12. — 36.  Isaiah  vii.,  14.     Some  texts  read : 

' '  Virgo,  concipies 
Magnum  Emanuel, 
In  quo  conficiet 
Cuncta  bonus  Pater, 
Ut  oves  liberet." 

— 46-50#  Isaiah  ix.,  6. 


XXIII.  BERNARDUS  CLARA  VALLENSIS. 

Life. — St.  Bernard  was  born  1091,  at  Fontaine,  a  castle  and 
lordship  of  his  father,  near  Dijon,  in  Burgundy.  He  was  edu- 
cated for  the  Church,  and  became  in  1113  a  monk  of  Citeaux, 
and  in  1115  first  abbot  of  Clairvaux.  He  founded  it  in  a  wretch- 
ed region  called  the  Valley  of  Wormwood,  but  it  came  to  be 
known  as  Clara  Vallis,  whence  Clarval,  and  also  Clairvaux. 
He  refused  further  preferment,  but  was  one  of  the  most  influen- 
tial men  in  Europe.  He  prevailed  on  the  French  and  English 
kings  to  recognize  Innocent  II.  as  pope,  preached  the  crusade  of 
1146,  put  down  heresies  (notably  those  of  Abelard),  and  wrote 
many  sermons,  epistles,  religious  treatises,  and  poems.  In  elo- 
quence and  personal  influence  he  was  one  of  the  first  of  men. 
Be  was  called  Doctor  Mellifluous.  He  died  in  1153,  and  was  can- 
onized in  1 174. 


BERNAEDUS  CLARAVALLENSIS,  116-119.       277 

Hymn  I. 

In  Daniel,  2,  359 ;  Mone,  1,  162 ;  Wackernagel,  1,  120 ;  Trench, 
p.  137.  Translation  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p. 
161.  This  and  the  two  next  pieces  are  taken  from  a  poem  of 
seven  parts,  containing  nearly  four  hundred  lines,  addressed  to 
the  members  of  Christ  on  the  Cross :  "  Omnia  quae  omnes  divini 
amoris  spirant  aestus  atque  incendia,  ut  nil  possit  suavius  dul- 
ciusque  excogitari."     Daniel. 

Theme.  Christ  on  the  Cross  ;  His  Feet. 

Line  8.  Mundum:  others,  nudum. — 15.  Meoruin:  others,  tuo- 
rum. — 32.  Fixuras :  the  wounds  of  nails. 

Hymn  II. 

In  Daniel,  1,  232 ;  Wackernagel,  1, 124 ;  Trench,  p.  139.  Trans- 
lations :  a  famed  version  in  German,  by  Paul  Gerhardt : 

"  O  Haupt  voll  Blut  irad  Wunden." 
In  English,  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian   Life   in   Song,  p.  159 ; 
Schaff's  Christ  in  Song,  p.  162 ;  Alexander,  and  others.     It  is  the 
best  of  the  seven  passion  hymns  mentioned  at  Hymn  I. 
Theme.  The  Face  of  Christ  on  the  Cross. 
Line  7.  Immntatus :  Isaiah  lii.,  14. — 19.  Intersignum,  proof, 
late  Lat. — 23.  Judges,  xiv.,  8,  9. — 31,  32.  I  should  rejoice  that  I 
am  associated  with  thy  holy  passion. — 46.  Emigrare : 

'*  Emigravit  is  the  inscription  on  the  tombstone  where  he  lies ; 
Dead  he  is  not,  but  departed." 

Longfellow. 

Hymn  III. 

Another  of  the  seven  passion  hymns  described  at  Hymn  I.  It 
is  in  Daniel,  4,  227;  Wackernagel,  1,  123.  A  translation  in 
Schaff's  Christ  in  Song,  p.  410. 

Theme.  The  Heart  of  Christ. 

Line  5.  Aiiimes :  optative ;  may  you  inspire  me  that  I  may  speak 
to  you. — 21.  Praedilectnm,  much  loved;  praediligo  appears  in  the 
late  Latin,  and  predilection  is  in  the  Romanic  languages. — 
22.  Illectunij  beguiled. — 24.  Tiinoratum,  devout,  Luke  ii.,  25.— 
35.  Quid  patitur:  pregnant  with  a  negative;  lie  suffers  nothing. 


278  NOTES. 

Hymn  IV. 
Bemardi  Opera,  ed.  Ben.,  ii.,  915  ;  Trench,  p.  255. 
Theme.  The  Vanity  of  the  World. 
Line  1.   Oiimis  homo  foenum :  Isaiah  xl.,  G. — 3.  Ut  quid,  a 

translation  of  Wa  rt,  that  what  (may  be  done),  why.     Psalm  x.,  1 ; 

lxxiv.,  1.     Gildersleeve.— 5.  Psalm  ciii.,  15.— (>.  Eccles.  iii.,  20.— 

8.  Detriments :  playing  with  the  resemblance  in  sound  to  incre- 

menta. — 10.  Job  xiv.,  2.— 13.  Sound  etymology.— 14.  James  iv., 

14.— 29.  Gal.  vi.,  7. 

Hymn  V. 

Konigsfeld,  Lat.  Hymnen  und  Gesiinge,  2,  202,  with  a  German 
translation.     A  companion-piece  to  Hymn  IV. 
Theme.  Vanity  of  Vanities. 
Line  8.  Judges  xv.,  14 ;  Nahum  i.,  10. 

Hymn  VI. 

In  Daniel,  1,  227  ;  Mone,  1,  329;  Wackernagel,  1, 117 ;  Trench, 
p.  246 ;  and  elsewhere.  The  original  has  in  Daniel  200  lines ; 
Trench  gives  60,  picking  and  arranging,  as  do  others.  The  Ro- 
man Breviary  takes  from  it  three  separate  hymns,  the  second  be- 
ginning with  "  Iesu,  Rex  admirabilis,"  line  25 ;  the  third  with 
41  Iesu,  decus  angelicum,"  line  49.  Translations  many,  beginning 
with  the  old  German.  In  English,  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life 
in  Song,  p.  163;  Schaff,  Christ  in  Song,  p.  405  ;  Neale,  R.  Pal- 
mer, J.  W.  Alexander,  and  others.  Schaff  describes  it  as  "  the 
sweetest  and  most  evangelical  (as  the  Dies  Irae  is  the  grandest 
and  the  Stahat  Mater  the  most  pathetic)  hymn  of  the  Middle 
Ages.'"  The  stanzas  here  given  are  those  translated  by  Mrs. 
diaries,  arranged  in  her  order,  with  two  or  three  additional  stan- 
zas.  That  the  hymn  can  be  made  over  in  so  many  ways  shows  a 
certain  fond  lingering  around  the  subject,  and  no  steady  flight 
of  the  imagination. 

Theme.  Jesus. 

Line  1.  Supply  est. — 3,  4.  Supply  est. — 12.  Quid:  a  pregnant 
question*  Thou  art  unutterable. — 13.  Dulcedo  :  Canticles  v..  13- 
16.  14.  Fens  vivus:  Jeremiah  ii.,  13;  Zach.  xiii.,  1;  John  iv., 
10;  vii.,  38.—  Lumen:  John  i.,  9.— 21.  Cum  Maria:  John  x\\,  1. 


BERNARDUS    CLUNIACENSIS.  123-126.  279 

—33,  Intus  ferret :  Luke  xxiv.,  32. — 37.  Hoc,  this,  i.  e.,  the  state- 
ment in  the  stanza  before,  not  included  in  this  selection,  that  the 
love  of  Jesus  is  most  sweet  and  most  tender : 
"  Amor  Iesu  dulcissimus 
Et  vere  suavissimus." 
— 42.  Bibunt:  "Bibe  Christum  quia  vitis  est;    bibe  Christum, 
quia  petra  est  quae  vomit  aquam  ;  bibe  Christum,  quia  fons  vitae 
est ;  bibe  Christum,  quia  flurnen  est  cuius  impetus  laetificat  civi- 
tatem  Dei;  bibe  Christum,  quia  pax  est;  bibe  Christum,  quia  flu- 
mina  de  ventre  eius  fluent  aquae  vitae ;  bibe  Christum,  ut  bibas 
sanguinem  quo  redemptus  es ;  bibe  Christum,  ut  bibas  sermones 
eius."     Ambrose,  in  Psalm  i.,  §  33;  Mone,  1,  332.-45.  Ebriat: 
of  this  sobria  ebrietas,  see  note  on  p.  226,  line  1. — 73.  Rev.  xxii.,  1. 
—74.  Rev.xxi.,  23.-78.  Luke  xxii.,  69.— 81-84.  Rev.  v.,  9,  10. 
— 93.  Psalm  xxiv.,  7. 


XXIV.  BERNARDUS  CLUNIACENSIS. 
Life. — Bernard  of  Clugny,  sometimes  called  Bernard  of  Mor- 
laix,  was  a  contemporary  of  St.  Bernard,  but  exact  dates  are 
wanting  for  the  events  of  his  life.  He  was  born  at  Morlaix,  in 
Brittany,  of  English  parents,  and  was  a  monk  of  Clugny  under 
Peter  the  Venerable  (1122-1156).  He  is  known  chiefly  as  the 
author  of  the  poem  from  which  the  following  hymn  was  made. 

The  Hymn. 

In  Trench,  p.  304.  The  original  poem,  "  De  contemptu  Mun- 
di,"  contains  nearly  3000  lines,  mostly  of  bitter  satire  on  the  cor- 
ruptions of  the  age,  but  opening  with  a  description  of  the  heav- 
enly land.  From  this  Trench  made  the  poem  here  presented,  by 
freely  canceling  and  transposing.  It  was  translated  freely  by 
Dr.  Neale,  u  The  rhythm  of  Bernard  de  Morlaix  on  the  Celestial 
Country,"  and  again  in  Mediaeval  Hymns,  p.  68.  Some  verses 
of  this  have  gone  home  to  the  imagination  and  affections  of 
Christians,  and  been  introduced  into  many  collections  of  hymns. 
In  SchafTs  Christ  in  Song  there  are  three  hymns  from  it,  p.  642, 
645,  647.     He  says,  "  This  glowing  description  is  the  sweetest  of 


280  NOTES. 

all  the  New  Jerusalem  hymns  of  heavenly  homesickness  which 
have  taken  their  inspiration  from  the  last  two  chapters  of  Reve- 
lation." Dr.  Neale  says  that  it  is  "the  most  lovely,  in  the  same 
way  that  the  Dies  Irae  is  the  most  sublime,  and  the  Stabat  Mater 
the  most  pathetic,  of  mediaeval  poems."  The  meter  is  made 
very  difficult  by  its  rhymes,  and  regular  division  of  the  hexame- 
ter into  three  parts,  and  the  author  was  enabled  to  master  it  only, 
as  he  believed,  by  special  inspiration. 

Part  I.  The  last  time.  These  are  the  first  lines  of  the  poem. 
They  are  given,  with  a  translation  imitating  the  rhythm  of  the 
original,  in  The  Seven  Great  Hymns,  p.  2,  and  in  SchafT,  Christ 
in  Song,  p.  643 — two  translations  by  Dr.  A.  Coles  and  S.  W.  Duf- 
field: 

"These  are  the  latter  times,  these  are  not  better  times; 
Let  us  stand  waiting ; 
Lo!  how,  with  awfulness,  He,  first  in  lawfulness, 
Comes  arbitrating." 

Line  3.  Termiiiet:  subjunctive  of  purpose,  G.,  545. 

Part  II.  The  heavenly  land. 

Line  1.  Yivitur:  impersonal,  the  subject  implied  in  the  verb — 
vita  vivitur. — 2.  Non-breve-vivere:  the  subject  of  retribuetur. — 
4.  Plenis :  dative  for  whom. — 9.  Syon,  the  Church. — Babylon, 
the  world. — 13.  Hebraeus,  a  Jew  in  deed,  one  having  faith. — 
18.  Ibi,  in  heaven;  hie,  on  earth. — 25.  Tunc  Iaeob  Israel: 
Israel  =  Yiden s  Denm  (Augustine);  Lia  (Ae/av),  Leah,  a  laboring 
Christian;  Rachel,  a  contemplative  Christian  : 

"Lia,  quae  interpretatur  faboriosa,  sign ifi cat  vitam  activam,  quae  est 
foecunda  in  fruetu  boni  operis,  sed  parum  videt  in  luce  contemplationis. 
Rachel,  quae  interpretatur  visum principium,  designat  vitam  contempla- 
tivam,  quae  est  sterilis  foris  in  opere,  sed  perspicax  in  contemplatione. 
Contendunt  ergo  contemplatio  et  actio  pro  amplexu  sapientiae,"  id  est, 
Christi,  sui  sponsi. — Hugh  of  St.  Victor  :  Trench,  p.  30G. 
—27.  Hymn  II.  in  Schaff. — Lnmina  sobria,  sad  eyes. — 83*  HJso- 
po,  i.  e., lujxHopo.— 3-1.  Rev.  xxi.,  18, 19.— 30.  Concio  coelica :  1  Petei 
ii..  5.     Gemma^  lapis  pretiosus.     1  Peter  ii.,  G.     Neale  translates  : 
"Thy  saints  build  up  its  fabric, 
And  the  Corner-stone  is  Christ." 
— 37.  Tu,  thou  (sea)  without  shore,  thou  (day)  without  measure 


PETRUS    VENEKABILIS,  128-130.  281 

of  time,  i.  e.,  boundless  one  in  space  and  time. — Kirns :  Psalm 
xlvi.,  4 ;  Rev.  xxii.,  1. — 38.  Lapis  rims :  1  Peter  ii.,  4. — 43.  Tota 
negotia  (sunt)  tonare,  (et)  conjubilare  mala  debita  (absent),  etc. 
— 45.  Urbs  Syon  aurea.  Here  begins  the  third  hymn  in  Schaff, 
the  prime  favorite  in  Neale's  rendering  : 
"  Jerusalem  the  golden, 

With  milk  and  honey  blest, 
Beneath  thy  contemplation 

Sink  heart  and  voice  oppvest." 
— 51.  Syon:  undeclined. — 53.  Affiua,  from  affluus,  abounding,  or, 
as  every  body  now  says  of  every  thing,  replete  with  tender  (grass- 
es). It  is  in  the  last  edition  of  White  and  Riddle's  Dictionary. 
— 59.  Debita  glorificandis,  to  be  bestowed  on  those  to  be  glorified, 
"  the  accessory  of  our  glorification." — 62.  Sorte,  by  condition,  by 
possession. — 67.  JS"emo  sustinet  retexere  (to  build  up  in  imagina- 
tion), nemoque  promere  (to  express)  ore,  quo  decore  tua  moenia 
(sunt)  plena.  —  74.  Flagro,  love.  —  75.  Meto:  i"  reap  to  perish, 
death  is  my  harvest,  I  deserve  to  die. — 76.  Quod:  conjunction-; 
supply  sum. — 84.  Unctio :  appositive  with  gratia. — 85.  Darid: 
undeclined.— 87.  Praesta,  grant. — 90.  Agmine:  see  line  54. 


XXV.  PETRUS  VENERABILIS. 
Life. — Peter  the  Venerable  was  born  about  1092,  of  a  no- 
ble family  of  Auvergne,  and  was  in  1122  elected  abbot  of  Clugny, 
in  Burgundy,  which  made  him  chief  of  a  reformed  branch  of  the 
Benedictine  order,  the  "  black  monks."  He  caused  the  Koran 
to  be  translated  into  Latin,  that  Mohammedanism  might  be  un- 
derstood and  refuted.  He  received  Abelard  into  his  monastery, 
and  brought  about  a  reconciliation  between  him  and  St.  Ber- 
nard. He  was  probably  second  only  to  St.  Bernard  in  general 
influence.  He  died  in  1156.  He  left  a  few  poems  of  some  merit 
and  ingenuity.     Trench,  p.  99. 

Hymn  I. 

In  Bibliotheca  Cluniacensis,  p.  1349 ;  Trench,  p.  157.     A  trans- 
lation by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  181.     Ingenious 


2S2  NOTES. 

rhyming  seems  to  have  been  a  favorite  occupation  at  Clugny. 
Compare  the  last  hymn  of  Bernard. 

Theme.  The  Resurrection. 

Line  1,  2.  Fortior  (Christ)  siistulit  vim  forth  (Death). — 5.  For 
the  descent  of  Christ  to  Hades,  see  p.  227,  note  on  Hymn  IV., 
line  19,  inferos. — 15.  Illi,  Satan. — 17.  Qui,  Satan.  For  the 
thought  that  Satan  destroyed  himself  in  destroying  Christ,  see  p. 
229,  note  on  Hymn  VIIL,  line  25. — 21.  Die  prima,  on  the  Jlnt 
day  of  the  week.    John  xx.,  1. 

Hymn  II. 

In  Konigsfeld,  Lat.  Hymnen  und  Gesange,  2,  166,  with  a  Ger- 
man translation. 

Theme.  The  Resurrection. 

Line  8,  9.  Reddita,  restored  by  man-and-God,  i.  e.,  Christ. — 10. 
Quain  (vitam)  he  bore  in  himself  and  conferred  on  thee. — 12. 
Deposita,  set  aside,  conquered. — 149  15.  Dat  locum,  gives  jAace, 
yields  the  throne  to  human  dust,  i.e.,  to  Christ. — 16,  17.  Se 
praeferet  vel  eonferet,  will  pretend  to  be  greater  than  or  equal 
to  this. — 19.  Calcabilis,  caleo-{-  -bills,  to  be  trampled,  late  Lat. — 
22,  23.  Sumiuis  virtutibus  contremescentibus.  Compare  lines  13, 
14,  on  p.  71. — 25-30.  Genesis  iii.,  5. — 32.  Potuit :  Adam  is  the 
subject.  This  stanza  explains  the  former. — 37.  "  Hie,  quern  horri- 
cla  sedes  habuit,  meruit  tenere  paternum  solium  per  Dei  Filium," 
He,  whom  Hades  held,  deserves  heaven.  —  46.  Penitus,  remote. 
— 47.  Coelitus:  adv.  from  heaven.  For  the  ending  -tits,  see 
March's  Comparative  Anglo-Saxon  Grammar,  p.  36.  This  word 
is  common  (post  classic),  though  not  in  Andrews's  Lexicon. 


XXVI.  ADAM  DE  ST.  VICTORE. 

Life. — Adam  of  St.  Victor  was  born  in  Britannia,  whether 
Great  Britain  or  Bretagne  is  not  known,  nor  is  the  date  of  his 
birth.  Be  studied  in  Paris,  and  there  entered  the  religious  foun- 
dation of  St.  Victor,  and  died  there  between  1172  and  1192. 
Several  of  his  hymns  were  in  early  use,  but  only  thirty-seven  or 
thirty-eight  were  known  till  M.Gautier  examined  the  manuscripts 


ADAM   DE    ST.  VICTORE,  134.  283 

of  the  abbey  and  published    106   hymns   ((Euvres  PoStiques 
d'Adani  de  St.  Victor.     Paris,  1858).     Trench  says : 

"  His  profound  acquaintance  with  the  whole  circle  of  the  theology  of 
his  time,  and  eminently  with  its  exposition  of  Scripture ;  the  abundant 
and  admirable  use,  writh  indeed  the  drawback  already  mentioned  (too 
free  and  curious  use),  which  he  makes  of  it,  delivering,  as  he  thus  does, 
his  poems  from  the  merely  subjective  cast  of  those,  beautiful  as  they  are, 
of  St.  Bernard ;  the  exquisite  art  and  variety  with  which  for  the  most 
part  his  verse  is  managed  and  his  rhymes  disposed ;  their  rich  melody, 
multiplying  and  ever  deepening  at  the  close ;  the  strength  which  he  oft- 
en concentrates  into  a  single  line ;  his  skill  in  conducting  a  story ;  and, 
most  of  all,  the  evident  nearness  of  the  things  which  he  celebrates  to  his 
own  heart  of  hearts — all  these  and  other  excellences  render  him,  as 
far  as  my  judgment  goes,  the  foremost  among  the  sacred  Latin  poets  of 
the  Middle  Ages."— P.  57,  58. 

Neale  thinks,  "  if  this  estimate  have  a  fault,  it  hardly  does  this 
wonderful  poet  justice."  Rainbach  calls  him  "the  Schiller  of 
the  Middle  Ages."  It  needs  a  good  deal  of  peculiar  familiarity 
with  poetical  pietistic  ingenuities  to  rise  to  these  heights  of  en- 
thusiasm about  him,  but,  remembering  George  Herbert,  it  becomes 
intelligible.     Inexpressible  love  makes  all  dallying  dear. 

Hymn  I. 

In  Mone,  2,  85;  Gautier,  1,  10;  Trench,  p.  Ill ;  Neale,  Se- 
quentiae,  p.  80.  "  The  richest  and  fullest  of  the  Nativity  hymns." 
Trench. 

Theme.  The  Nativity. 

Line  1.  "Christus  natus  non  est  per  conditionem,  sed  per  po- 
testatem."  Augustine,  De  Trim,  3,  26;  Mone,  2,  86,-80  Fac- 
tura,  the  thing  made,  man.  So  Factor /actus  creatura,  p.  104,  line 
38. — 6.  Locus,  aetas,  space,  time. — 7.  'O  axupnrog  xupzirai.  Mone, 
2,  87.-8.  Compare  Hildebert,  p.  104,  lines  45-50.— 11,  12.  Luke 
ii.,  10-13 ;  Matt,  iv.,  11 ;  Luke  xxii.,  43 ;  Matt,  xxviii.,  2.— 13-16. 
Luke  ii.,  14. — 17.  Causa,  the  material  cause,  the  explanation  from 
nature. — Modus,  the  modal  or  final  cause,  the  shaping  reason. 
Guilty  men  are  the  visible,  material  cause  of  the  incarnation,  the 
real  reason  is  the  will  of  God,  just  and  kind.  "  Si  veritatem 
quaeris  natura,  humanam  cognosce  materiam,  si  rationem  scruta- 


2  SI  NOTES. 

rig  originis,  virtutcm  confitcre  divinani."  Leo.  Serm.  22.  2.— 
17-21.  He  plays  with  m, and  conditum,  condimentum. — 22.  Pig- 
ment is  spiced  wine-and-honey,Webst.;  late  Lat. — 23,  24.  Matt, 

xxvii.,  34;  Psalm  lxix.,  21.— 20-28.  Luke  x.,  34.-29-32.  2 
Kings  iv.,  7-37.  See  St. Bernard  on  Elisha  as  a  type  of  Christ,  in 
Cant.  Serin.,  15,  16;  Monc.— 33.  Gigas:  see  p.  12,  Hymn  IV.  of 
Ambrose,  line  15,  and  the  note,  p.  227. — 35,  3G.  Matt,  xviii.,  13; 
Luke  xv.,  3-7. — 38.  Oreo :  abl.  of  separation. — Lapsum  porno, 
man.  Genesis  iii. — 39,  40.  The  parable  of  the  ten  pieces  of  sil- 
ver was  interpreted  to  relate  to  the  nine  ranks  of  angels  who 
were  not  lost,  and  the  one  race  of  men  who  were.    Luke  xv.,  7-9. 

Hymn  II. 

In  Daniel,  2,  68;  Gautier,  1,  82;  Trench,  p.  153;  Konigsfeld, 
Lat.  Hymnen  und  Gesange,  1,  134,  with  translation  into  Ger- 
man. Translation  into  English  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in 
Song,  p.  183. 

Theme.  The  Resurrection  of  Christ.  The  coincidence  of  the 
natural  and  spiritual  spring. 

Nvv  tap  KoafAiKov,  tap  TrvevfiariKov  '  tap  \jsvxcuG}  tap  aw^aaiv  '  tap 
opJj/itvov,  tap  aoparov.  —  Gregory  of  Nazianzum,  Easter  Sermon  : 
Trench,  p.  153. 

Line  7.  Sollemnia,  festivities  of  spring  at  Easter. — 12.  Alta, 
heights,  upper  regions. — 14.  Renovantur,  are  renewed  so  as  to 
freely  exhibit  their  qualities. — 23.  Prineeps  mundi,  Satan.  John 
xiv.,  30.— 27.  Quo,  Christ.  John  xiv.,  30.— 33.  Praebet :  cher- 
ubim is  sometimes  incorrectly  used  as  a  singular.  Perhaps  we 
should  read  praebent;  or  the  punctuation  may  be  changed  so  as 
to  read  (Vita,  Christ)  "praebet  viam  facilem  amovendo  versatilem 
gladium  cherubim."  Chcruoim  :  undeclined,  genitive  plural.— 
34.  Versatilem:  Genesis  iii.,  24. 

Hymn  III. 

In  Trench,  p.  175.  A  translation  in  Mrs.  Charles's  Christian 
Life  in  Song,  p.  187,  where  it  Is  given,  I  knowr  not  on  what 
grounds  of  external  evidence,  to  Adam  of  St.  Victor. 

Theme.   The  Holy  Ghost. 

Line  3.  Coelitus,  from  heaven.     See  note  on  line  47  of  Hymn 


ADAM    DE    ST.  VICTORE,  188-140.  285 


II.  of  Petrus  Venerabilis,  p.  282. — 4.  Donum  was  used  as  a  proper 
name  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  the  gift  by  eminence.  So  Augustine 
(Enchir.,  12),  Aquinas  (Sum.  Theol.,  1,  38),  and  elsewhere.  —  5. 
Digitus,  the  finger,  that  wrote  the  law.  See  line  10  of  Hymn  VI. 
of  Gregory,  on  p.  77,  and  the  note,  p.  260.  Other  copies  read 
i&zfor  lex. — 9,  10.  Septiforme  donum  septiformis  gratiae.  Isaiah 
xi.,  2.  See,  on  p.  260,  note  on  line  9  of  Gregory's  Hymn. — 11. 
Septifarius,  late  adj.,  sevenfold  beatitudes.  Matt,  v.,  3-10. — 12. 
The  seven  petitions  of  the  Lord's  Prayer.  Matt,  vi.,  9 ;  Luke  xi., 
2-4.  "  Septem  ergo  petitiones  in  Dominica  Oratione,  ut  septem 
dona  mereamur  Spiritus  Sancti,  quibus  recipiamus  septem  virtu- 
tes,  per  quas,  a  septem  vitiis  liberati,  ad  septem  perveniamus  be- 
atitudines."  Hugh  of  St. Victor. — 13,  Mx:  Isaiah  i.,  18.  Com- 
pare note  on  lues,  p.  242,  line  12  of  Hymn  I. — 14.  Ignis:  Exod. 
iii.,  2.  — 15.  Pugil,  wrestler.  Genesis  xxxii.,  24.  — 16.  Propina- 
tor,  -is5  ru.,  giver  of  drink  first,  then  giver  of  other  things,  from 
propino,  which  is  in  the  dictionaries.  Luke  xxi.,  15. — 18.  Fla- 
meii,  Spiritus,  common  in  the  Hymns. 

Hymn  IV. 

In  Daniel,  2,  73  ;  Gautier,  1, 115  ;  Trench,  p.  187.  It  is  simple 
as  need  be  except  in  its  rhyming. 

Theme.  The  Holy  Ghost. 

Line  25.  Supply  est. — 66.  Disparitas,  -tatis,  f.,  inequality,  late 
Latin.     See  disparity  in  Webster's  Dictionary.     Supply  est. 

Hymn  V. 

In  Daniel,  2,  84 ;  Gautier,  2,  425 ;  Wackernagel,  1, 128 ;  Trench, 
p.  62 ;  and  elsewhere.  It  usually  begins  with  a  stanza  here  omit- 
ted: 

"Iucundare,  plebs  ficlelis,"  etc. 

Translation  in  Neale's  Mediaeval  Hymns,  p.  107. 

Theme.  The  Holy  Evangelists,  as  seen  in  Rev.  iv.,  6-8  ;  Ezek. 
i.,4-28;  x.,  9-22. 

Line  1-4.  Animalia  (£wa),  living  creatures,  rather  than  "  beasts.^ 
Rev.  iv.,  6.— 5-8.  Rev.  iv.,  7—  9-16.  The  distribution  of  the  liv- 
ing creatures  to  the  evangelists  here  made  is  that  of  Jerome 
(Comm.  in  Ezek.  i. ;    Prol.  in  Matt. ;  Ep.  50),  Ambrose   (Prol.  in 


286  NOTES. 

Luc.  7,  8),  Gregory  the  Great  (Horn.  4  in  Ezek.;  Mor.  xxxi.,  47), 
and  prevailed  through  the  Middle  Ages.  Earlier  there  was 
much  fluctuation.  Augustine  and  Beda,  for  example,  make  the 
lion,  Matthew  ;  the  man,  Mark  ;  the  calf,  Luke  ;  the  eagle,  John. 
Irenaeus  makes  the  lion,  John;  the  eagle,  Mark  ;  and  see  further, 
Trench,  p.  63.  — 14-16.  Matt,  iv.,  21  — 17-20.  Matt,  i.,  1-16.— 
21-24.  It  is  not  so  much  the  character  of  the  evangelists  that  is 
seen  in  these  figures  as  the  character  of  Christ  as  presented  in 
each  Gospel.  In  Luke  he  appears  as  the  Victim  (Bos),  interpret- 
ing and  superseding  the  rites  with  victims  under  the  old  law. 
In  another  hymn  Adam  says,  or  sings : 

"  Kitus  bovis  Lucae  datui, 
In  qua  forma  figuratur 

Nova  Christus  hostia : 
Ara  cruris  mansuetus 
Hie  mactatur,  sicque  vetus 
Transit  observantia." 

— 25-28.  In  Mark  the  resurrection  of  Christ  is  specially  set  forth. 
It  was  an  early  belief  that  the  lion's  whelps  were  born  dead,  and 
roused  to  life  on  the  third  day  by  the  roaring  of  their  sire.  This 
wTas  taken  as  a  type  of  the  resurrection ;  so  Adam  says  in  another 

^        '  "  Est  leonis  rugientis 

Marco  vultus,  resurgentis 

Quo  claret  potentia : 
Voce  Fatris  excitatus 
Surgit  Christus,  laureatus 

Immortali  gloria/' 

20.  Ala  foina :  compare  "  Columba  sancta  ecclesia  est,  quae 
duas  alas  habet  per  dilectionem  Dei  et  proximi  [our  neighbor] ;  a 
dextris  dilectionem  Dei,  a  sinistris  dilectionem  proximi."  Hugh 
of  St.  Victor,  Serm.  97.  John  represents  Christ  as  ascending  to 
glory.— 37-40.  Matthew,  the  nativity;  Luke,  the  passion  ;  Mark, 
the  resurrection;  John,  the  ascension. — 45-48.  For  the  move- 
ments of  the  wheels  and  the  wings,  see  Ezckiel  i.,  15-25;  x.,  8- 
22.  As  applied  to  the  evangelists,  the  movement  of  the  wheels 
is  the  earthly  life  of  Christ;  of  the  wings,  the  heavenly,  and  they 
go  on  together  (aequaU8).—4:d*&l,  " Quemadmodum  unus  fluvius 


ADAM    DE    ST.  VICTORE,  143.  287 


erat  Paradisi,  qui  in  quatuor  capita  dividitur ;  ita  rmica  Christi 
evangelica  doctrina  per  quatuor  ministros  ad  irrigaudum  et  foe- 
cundandum  ecclesiae  hortum  est  distributa."  Jerome,  Ep.  ad 
Eusebium.  In  ancient  art  we  often  find  a  hill  surmounted  by  a 
cross,  and  four  streams  flowing  from  it.  In  the  cupola  of  St. 
Mark's,  at  Venice,  the  evangelists  appear  as  four  old  men,  each 
with  an  urn,  from  which  a  stream  flows.  Trench,  p.  GO.  Mat- 
thew is  Gihon ;  Mark,  Tigris ;  Luke,  Euphrates ;  John,  Pison. 
Neale. — 53.  Fons :  see  p.  127,  lines  37,  88,  and  note. — 57.  Defori- 
atis  (late  Latin,  frequent),  inebriatus,  drunken,  or  filled.  "  Spiritus 
Sancti  deoriatus  et  perfusus  gratia."  Lamb.  Ard.,  in  Diet.  Med. 
Lat.  The  exchange  of  in-  and  de-  in  compounds  is  not  infre- 
quent :  going  into  any  place  is  also  a  going  from  some  other ; 
drinking  in  is  drinking  out 

Hymn  VI. 

In  Daniel,  2,  64;  Gautier,  1,  212;  Trench,  p.  212.  A  transla- 
tion in  Mrs.  Charles's  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  195;  in  Neale's 
Mediaeval  Hymns,  p.  134.  Trench  calls  it  "a  sublime  composi- 
tion;" others  have  called  it  the  masterpiece  of  the  author. 

Theme.  The  Martyrdom  of  Stephen. 

Line  1.  Heri:  Christmas  is  the  day  before  St.  Stephen's  day. 
— 7.  Protomartyr :  called  also  in  the  Greek  Church  apX?)  fiaprv- 
pixjv,  a$\r)TGjv  Trpooifitov,  TrpwraSXog,  aSXrjrojv  dicpoSiviov. — Levita  in 
the  early  Church  meant  diaconus.  Trench. — 11.  Insultarit: 
Acts  vii.,  51-53.— 18.  Matt,  iii.,  7;  xii.,  34.-24.  Rev.  iii.,  9.— 
26.  Rev.  iii.,  14. — 28.  Stephanus  (gtsQccvoq)  =  Corona.  Such  play 
with  the  meaning  of  proper  names  is  very  common  with  the  fa- 
theis.  See  examples  in  Trench,  p.  214,  and  in  his  Study  of 
Words,  p.  32,  33.-37.  Acts  vii.,  55-60.— 43.  Stantem:  in  other 
places  Christ  is  spoken  of  as  sitting.  "  Sedere  judicantis  est,  stare 
vero  pugnantis  vel  adjuvantis.  Stephanus  stantem  vidit,  quern 
adjutorem  habuit."  Greg.,  Mag.  Horn.,  19.  So  the  Episcopal 
collect  for  St,  Stephen's  day :  "  Who  standest  at  the  right  hand 
of  God  to  succor  all  those  that  suffer  for  thee."  Trench,  p.  215. 
—  52.  From  Augustine  (Serm.  315):  "  Vestimenta  lapidantium 
servabat,  ut  omniam  manibus  lapidaret."  —  55-62.  Acts  vii. 
59. 


2S8  NOTES. 

Hymn  VII. 

In  Trench,  p.  219.  A  translation  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian 
Life  in  Song,  p.  197. 

Theme.  The  Martyrdom  of  St.  Lawrence.  He  was  archdeacon 
of  Kome  in  the  third  century,  and  died  in  the  persecution  of  Va- 
lerian. 

Line  1-6. 

"As  the  harp-strings  only  render 

All  their  treasures  of  sweet  sound, 
All  their  music,  glad  or  tender, 
Firmly  struck  and  tightly  bound : 

"  So  the  hearts  of  Christians  owe 
Each  its  deepest,  sweetest  strain, 
To  the  pressure  firm  of  woe, 
And  the  tension  tight  of  pain." 

Mrs.  Charles. 

— 4.  Chely  (XbXvs)  tormentornm:  appetitive  genitive. —  6-14. 
"  Certainly  virtue  is  like  precious  odors,  most  fragrant  where 
they  are  incensed  or  crushed.1'  Bacon  on  Adversity. — 11.  Assa- 
tus :  St.  Lawrence  is  said  to  have  been  broiled  to  death  on  a 
gridiron. — 15,  16.  Vis  amoris  putat  ardorem  factum  foris  [  the 
fire  under  the  gridiron]  esse  rorem.  Compare  "  Et  fecit  medium 
fornacis  quasi  ventum  roris  flantem."  Dan.  iii.,  50.  Not  in  our 
Hebr.,  Gr.,  or  English. — 18.  Ignis  urens,  non  comburens,  i.  e.,  the 
Holy  Spirit.     Exod.  iii.,  2.     See  Hymn  III.,  line  14,  p.  137. 

Hymn  VIII. 

In  Daniel,  5, 102 ;  Mone,  1,  316  ;  Wackernagel,  1, 127  ;  Trench, 
p.  227 ;  Gautier,  1,  155.  A  translation  in  Neale's  Mediaeval 
Hymns,  p.  146. 

Theme.  The  Dedication  of  a  Church.  The  Church  whose 
builder  is  God. 

Line  1,  2.  u  Quam  dilecta  tabernacula  tua,  Domine  virtutum. 
Concupiscit,  et  deficit  anima  mea  in  atria  Domini."  Psalm 
lxxxiii.,2,  3.— 3-6.  Matt,  vii.,  24,  25 ;  Eph.ii.,  20;  Rev.xxi.,  14.— 
7,  8.  Supply  sunt. — 8.  Sacramenta  praecurrentia,  twecwrwry  holy 


ADAM   DE    ST.   VICTORE,  146-148.  289 


types. — Umbrae :  the  Old  Testament. — Concinna :  agreeing  with 
the  facts  of  the  New  Testament.  Such  types  he  proceeds  to 
enumerate. — 10-12.  Adam  and  Eve  a  type  of  Christ  and  the 
Church.  "  Parentes  qui  nos  genuerunt  ad  vitam,  Chris tus  est  et 
ecclesia.  Secundus  Adam  in  cruce  dormivit,  ut  inde  formaretur 
conjux,  quod  de  latere  dormientis  effluxit "  (the  blood  being  the 
life  of  the  Church).  Augustine,  ill  Mone,  1,  318,  where  see  much 
more. — 11,  12.  In  primordia,  etc.:  at  the  beginning  of  the  en- 
during marriage. — 13.  The  ark,  as  a  type  of  the  Church,  is  simple ; 
there  are  quotations  about  it  in  Mone  from  Augustine,  Jerome, 
and  others. — 16-19.  Isaac  means  laughter,  and  so  Christ,  who  is 
our  joy,  nostrum  Gaudium.  Gen.  xxi.,  6.  See  also  p.  266,  note 
on  Hymn  III.,  4.  Hugh  of  St.  Victor. — 19-24.  Eliezer  represents 
the  apostles,  Rebecca  the  Gentile  Church.  Gen.  xxiv. — Aptat 
sihi:  Gen.  xxiv.,  22. — 25-27.  Gen.  xxvii.  "  Esau  foris  venationi 
deserviens,  benedictionem  amittens,  populum  Israel  significat,  qui 
foris  in  litera  iustitiam  quaerit,  et  benedictionem  coelestis  haere- 
ditatis  dimittit."  Hugh  of  St.  Victor,  Alleg.,  ii.,  11.  Jacob  is 
the  Gentile  Church. — 28-30.  Liam  lippam  :  Leah,  the  synagogue, 
unable  to  see  Christ, — Rachel:  the  Church. — 31-33.  Genesis 
xxxviii.,  14.  "  Habitus  meretricius  confessio  peccatorum  est. 
Typum  quippe  iam  ecclesiae  ex  gentibus  evocatae  gerit  Thamar. 
A  non  agnoscente  foetatur,  quia  de  ilia  praedictum  est,  Populus 
quern  non  cognovi,  servivit  mihi."  Augustine,  Con.  Faust.,  xxii., 
86.-34.  Hie :  in  the  Church.— 35,  36.  Fiscella  scirpea  is  the 
Latin  in  Exod.  ii.,  3,  for  "  ark  of  bulrushes."  "  Moyses  juxta 
flumen  significat  quemlibet  hominem  juxta  fluvium  praesentis 
saeculi  positum;  filia  regis  Qratiam  designat,  quae  quemlibet 
ad  vitam  praedestinatum  de  fluxu  saeculi  liberat,  et  in  filium 
adoptat,  ut  qui  prius  fuerat  rilius  irae,  deinceps  existat  filius  gra- 
tia." Hugh  of  St.  Victor,  Alleg.,  iii.,  1.— 37-39.  Exod.  xii.,  5  ; 
1  Cor.  v.,  7. — 40-42.  "  In  Mari  Rubro  submersus  est  Pharao,  et 
principes  eius;  et  in  baptismo  liberamur  a  potestate  diaboli  et 
principum  eius."  Hugh  of  St.  Victor :  in  Trench,  p.  230. — 43. 
Hebr.  ix.,  4.  —  44,  45.  Deut.  x.,  5 ;  Hebr.  ix.,  4.  —  46.  Hebr. 
ix.  —  47,  48.  Exod.  xxviii.  Poderis  (7roo/j|0?/e),  Latin  talaris,  is 
the  word  in  Exod.  xxviii.,  4,  there  translated  by  tunica  in  the 
Latin,  robe  in  English.     This  garment  is  the  chief  (jpraecedit). 

N 


290  NOTES. 

These  garments   have   always   excited  the  imagination  of  the 

mystics : 

"  Holiness  on  the  head  ; 

Light  and  perfections  on  the  breast ; 
Harmonious  bells  below,  raising  the  dead, 
To  lead  them  unto  life  and  rest — 
Thus  are  true  Aarons  drest." 

George  Herbert. 

—  49.  Urias,  Uriah.  —  Barsabee,  Batlislicba :  2  Sam.  xi.,  2-27, 
which  is  a  type  for  Rom.  vii.,  1-6. — 52-54.  k%  Astitit  regina  a  dex- 
tris  tuis  in  vestitu  deaurato,  circumdata  varietate."  Psalm  xliv., 
10.— 55.  1  Kings  x. ;  Matt,  xii.,  42.-58.  Canticles  i.,  5  :  black  to 
the  world,  beautiful  to  Christ. — 59,  60.  Canticles  iii.,  6. — Fumo- 
sa  Yirga :  "  a  piUar  of  smoke  'perfumed  (pigmentaria)  with  myrrh 
and  frankincense.'1 — 66.  The  Lord's  Supper. — 68.  Trumpets  be- 
long to  the  Old  Testament  feasts.  Numb,  x.,  10 ;  the  psaltery 
or  decachordon  to  the  New,  as  David  says:  "Dcus,  canticum 
novum  cantabo  tibi ;  in  psalterio  decachordo  psallam  tibi."  Psalm 
cxliii.,  9.— 70-73.  Rev.  v.,  11 ;  xix.,  6-9. 


XXVII.  ALANUS  INSULANUS. 
Life. — Alanus  of  Lille,  in  Flanders  (Latin,  Be  Insirfis  or  In- 
siilarnis),  was,  according  to  some,  born  in  1114.  His  learning 
and  abilities  were  such  as  to  give  him  the  title  Doctor  Universalis. 
lie  has  been  called  the  leader  of  the  poets  of  his  age,  and  a 
scholar's  judgment  and  taste  certainly  appear  in  many  of  his  po- 
ems. Whether  he  is  the  same  person  who  is  known  to  us  as  the 
friend  of  Bernard  and  bishop  of  Auxerre,  and  who  has  the  same 
name,  has  been  a  most  puzzling  question  to  biographers,  and 
leaves  the  career  of  the  poet  and  universal  doctor  uncertain, 
lie  died,  perhaps,  in  1203. 

Hymn  I. 
In   Konigsfeld,  with  a  German  translation,  Lat.  Ilymnen  und 

age,  1.  L60;  Trench,  p.  257. 
Theme.  The  transitory  Nature  of  Man. 


THOMAS    OF    CELANO,  149-154.  291 

Line  8.  Glosa,  -ae,  f.,from  glossa  (yXwtrcra),  tongue,  language,  ward, 
whence  easily  expression,  image,  type — late  Latin.     Med.  Lat.  Diet. 

—13-18. 

' '  Sweet  rose !  whose  hue,  angry  and  brave, 
Bids  the  rash  gazer  wipe  his  eye ; 
Thy  root  is  ever  in  its  grave — 
And  thou  must  die." 

George  Herbert. 

—32.  Cuius  esse,  whose  being;    supply  est  — 3$.  Mane  claudit 
yespere : 

"  Sweet  day !  so  cool,  so  calm,  so  bright ; 
The  bridal  of  the  earth  and  sky  : 
The  dew  shall  weep  thy  fall  to  night— 
For  thou  must  die." 

George  Herbert. 

—40.  Supply  Mors:  he  puts  us  to  labor,  he  to  pain,  the  end  is 
his.    They  represent  him.— 52.  Rector  et  auriga,  i.  e.,  God. 

Hymn  II. 
Konigsfeld,  with  a  German  translation,  in  Lat.  Hymnen  und 
Gesange,  1,  164.     It  is  hesitatingly  ascribed  to  Alanus. 
Theme.  The  Life  of  Man. 
Line  1.  Supply  est. 

Hymn  III. 

Alani  Opera,  p.  377  ;  Trench,  p.  104.  A  bundle  of  paradoxes. 
Compare  a  similar  bundle  in  Bacon's  Works. 

Theme.  The  Birth  of  Christ. 

Line  5.  Donaret :  see  p.  261,  note  on  Hymn  L,  line  15. — Omen, 
the  condition .—17 .  Hysopo,  i.  e.,  hyssopo.—23,  Reatus :  the  genitive. 


XXVIII.  THOMAS  OF  CELANO. 

Life. — The  Thomas  who  is  believed  to  have  written  the  "  Dies 
Irae  "  is  called  1  Celano  from  a  small  town  near  Lake  Fucino, 
in  the  further  Abruzzo.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  members  of 
the  order  of  Minorites,  founded  by  St.  Francis  of  Assisi  in  1208. 
He  wrote  a  life  of  his  friend  St.  Francis,  and  two  hymns  in  his 


292  NOTES. 

honor,  which  still  survive.  St.  Francis  died  in  1226.  But  dates 
and  biographical  incidents  are  wanting  for  Thomas,  and  not 
even  his  name  is  to  be  found  in  many  of  our  best  dictionaries  of 

biography. 

The  Hymn. 

In  Daniel,  2,  103;  Wackernagel,  1,  137;  Trench,  p.  297;  The 
Seven  Great  Hymns,  p.  50 ;  and  in  all  breviaries  and  collections. 
Translations  are  to  be  found  in  many  languages.  In  English, 
seven  translations  are  given  in  The  Seven  Great  Hymns,  besides 
the  well-known  stanzas  of  Sir  Walter  Scott;  Mrs.  Charles,  Chris- 
tian Life  in  Song,  p.  188;  Schatf,  Christ  in  Song,  p.  373.  The 
literature  of  this  hymn  is  considerable.  Its  external  history  is 
told.  It  appears  in  Church  services  in  Italy  in  the  thirteenth 
century,  and  spreads  into  France  and  Germany,  the  first  com- 
plete copies  found  in  Germany  being  of  the  latter  half  of  the  fif- 
teenth century ;  it  became  more  highly  and  widely  esteemed 
from  century  to  century,  and  since  the  rendering  of  it  in  Mozart's 
requiem  it  is  used  through  all  Christendom.  Then  the  trans- 
lations. A  German  author,  Lisco,  in  his  Dies  Irae,  Hymnus 
auf  das  Weltgerichte,  Berlin,  1840,  gives  87  versions,  nearly  all 
German ;  Dr.  Schaff,  in  the  Hours  at  Home,  has  given  specimens 
of  about  100  translations;  and  there  are  many  more.  The  earli- 
est in  English  is  that  of  Sylvester,  1G21 ;  then  Crashaw,  1648; 
Drummond,  Roscommon,  Scott,  Alford,  Irons,  Trench,  Macauley, 
Dix,  Mrs.  Charles,  Dr.  A.  Coles  (thirteen  original  versions),  and 
others.  In  German,  Herder,  Fichte,  and  A.  Schlegel  may  be  men- 
tioned. Then  there  is  the  history  of  criticism  upon  it,  and  the 
use  made  of  it  by  students  and  artists.  Mozart,  Haydn,  Goethe, 
Schlegel,  Johnson,  Dryden,  Scott,  Milman,  and  Jeremy  Taylor 
are  mentioned  in  The  Seven  Great  Hymns  as  among  the  great 
who  have  avowed  a  supreme  admiration  for  it;  while  the  at- 
tempts by  the  less  famous  critics  to  find  and  set  forth  the  secret 
of  its  power  are  innumerable.  Goethe's  use  of  it  in  Faust,  and 
Scott's  in  the  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel,  are  known  to  all.  Then 
there  is  the  question  of  authorship.  Attempts  have  been  made 
to  give  it  to  Matthaeus  of  Aquasparta,  A.D.  1302;  Latinus  Fran- 
gipani,  L294;  Malabranca,  bishop  of  Ostia,  1275;  Bonaventura, 
1274;  Bernard  ofClairvaux,  1153;  Gregory  the  Great,  Go0;  and 


THOMAS    OF    CELANO,  154.  293 

others.  A  leading  essay  on  this  subject  is  in  Mohnike's  Hymno- 
logische  Forschungen,  1, 1-24.  Then  there  is  its  internal  history. 
It  had  been  treated  as  a  creation  of  its  writer  out  of  nothing; 
but  Mone,  1,  408,  409,  undertakes  to  show  that  it  is  a  condensa- 
tion of  the  old  hymns  on  the  judgment-day.  He  points  out  some 
of  the  most  striking  expressions,  and  even  whole  lines  in  these 
older  and  ruder  and  longer  hymns.  They  are  not  enough,  how- 
ever, in  number  or  kind  to  lessen  the  originality  of  this  hymn. 
It  is  strange  there  are  not  more  of  them.  Nothing  is  born  of 
nothing. 

"  This  marvelous  hymn  is  the  acknowledged  masterpiece  of  Latin  po- 
etry, and  the  most  sublime  of  all  uninspired  hymns.  .  .  .  The  secret  of 
its  irresistible  power  lies  in  the  awrful  grandeur  of  the  theme,  the  intense 
earnestness  and  pathos  of  the  poet,  the  simple  majesty  and  solemn  music 
of  its  language,  the  stately  meter,  the  triple  rhyme,  and  the  vowel  asso- 
nances, chosen  in  striking  adaptation  to  the  sense  —  all  combining  to 
produce  an  overwhelming  effect,  as  if  we  heard  the  final  crash  of  the 
universe,  the  commotion  of  the  opening  graves,  the  trumpet  of  the  arch- 
angel summoning  the  quick  and  the  dead,  and  saw  the  '  king  of  tre- 
mendous majesty '  seated  on  the  throne  of  justice  and  mercy,  and  ready 
to  dispense  everlasting  life  or  everlasting  woe." — Schaff,  p.  373. 

Theme.  The  Last  Judgment.  "Dies  irae  dies  ilia,  dies  tri- 
bulationis  et  angustiae,  dies  calamitatis  et  miseriae,  dies  tene- 
brarum  et  caliginis,  dies  nebulae  et  turbinis,  dies  tubae  et  clango- 
ris,  super  civitates  munitas  et  super  angulos  excelsos."  Zepha- 
niah  i.,  15,  16  ;  Matt,  xxv. ;  2  Peter  iii.,  10-12. 

Line  1.  Dies  irae,  dies  ilia:  These  are  the  words  of  Zephaniah 
i.,  15.  They  are  current  expressions  in  the  older  hymns,  and  in 
the  fathers.  Mone,  1,  403-409.  Ilia,  the  day  by  emphasis,  the 
day  of  the  Lord,  of  Zeph.i.,  14.  Many  read  these  clauses  as  ex- 
clamatory, and  solvet  as  intransitive  : 

"That  day  of  wrath,  that  dreadful  day! 
When  heaven  and  earth  shall  pass  away." 

Scott. 

— 2.  Solvet,  resolve,  cause  to  crumble.  Elementa  vero  calore  stri- 
ven tur.  2  Peter  iii.,  10. — Saeelum,  i.  e.,  seculum,  first  a  genera- 
tion of  men  like  Ang.-Sax.  wear-old  (iceor=zL&t  mr%  when  applied 


294 


NOTES. 


by  Christian  authors  to  the  material  universe,  still  retains  some- 
thing of  its  early  sense;  it  is  the  world  in  relation  to  man,  rather 
than  the  comws,  or  God's  beautiful  order.— In  favilla,  in  glowing 
ashes,  not  into  dead  dust.  The  line  shows  the  conflagration  still 
at  white  heat.  In  igne  zeli  eius  devorabitur  omnis  terra.  Zeph. 
i.,  18.— 3.  Teste  David,  absolute.  H.,  430;  A.  and  G.,  54,  10,  b, 
note;  M.,  304,  d;  Psalm  cii.,  27;  interpreted  by  Isaiah  li.,  6-  2 
Peter  iii.,  10.  Some  read  teste  Petro.  Trench  calls  attention' to 
Psalm  xcvi.,  13;  xcvii.,  3;  xi.,  6.— Sybilla,  i.e.,  Sibylla,  spelled 
for  its  rhyme.  For  the  Sibyl,  and  her  oracles  and  books,  see 
Classical  Dictionaries,  Webster's  Diet,,  and  elsewhere.  Milton 
mingles  freely  Bible  and  heathen  mythology,  believing  the  hea- 
then gods  to  be  real  devils.     Emerson  says  : 

"Out  of  the  heart  of  Nature  rolled 
The  burdens  of  the  Bible  old  "— 
and  it  is  all  one  to  him  whether  they  come  through  the  mouth 
of  David  or  Sibylla,  Schaff  has  a  note  pointing  out  the  "  truth 
underlying  this  use  made  of  the  Sibylline  oracles;'  inasmuch  as, 
he  says,  heathenism  was  groping  in  the  dark  after  "  the  unknown' 
God/1  and  bore  indirect  testimony  to  Christ.  But  the  pious 
frauds  by  which  the  Sibylline  oracles  were  made  to  bear  direct 
testimony  to  Christ  are  the  explanation  of  this  passage,  and  of  the 
general  credit  given  by  early  Christians  to  the  Sibyl:  and  the  re- 
membrance of  them  makes  the  line  a  blemish  in  the  noem.  The 
Church  generally,  following  the  old  Paris  missal,  read  for  this 
line  :  "  Crucis  expandens  vexilla."  Matt,  xxiv.,  30.  "  Libera  me, 
Domine,  de  morte  aeterne,  quando  coeli  movendi  sunt  et  terra' 
dum  veneris  iudicare  saeculum  per  ignem."  From  the  Service 
for  the  Dead,  Mone,  1,  402.  For  the  rhythm,  also  compare  from 
another  Service  for  the  Dead  : 

"Lacrimosa  dies  ilia, 
Qua  resurgens  ex  favilla 
Iudicandus  homo  reus; 
Tu  peccatis  parce,  Deus." 
ompare  p.  71,  lines  11,  12.  Flamma  ignis,  etc. — 4-0.  Rev.  vi.,  15- 
i  7;    xx.,  11-13;    p.  71,  lines  13,  14.— 7-1).  Zach.  ix.,  14;    1   Cor. 
,...  52;    .Matt,  xxiv.,  31;    John  v.,  25;    1   Thess.  iv.,  16.— Spar- 
£pns,  not  evneinens,  as  on  p.  71,5;  this  trumpet  blares. — Sepul- 


THOMAS    OF   CELANO,  154-156.  295 

€ra  regionuni,  the  graves  of  regions,  of  all  regions — not  political 
divisions,  but  natural  expanses  marked  by  the  hills,  the  vales, 
the  venerable  woods,  "  old  ocean's  gray  and  melancholy  waste  ;" 
sepulchres  of  earth,  "  the  great  tomb  of  man."  Compare  with  the 
simpler  per  regimes  sepulcrorum ;  and  the  whole  stanza  with  lines 
5,  6,  on  p.  71,  as  perfect  lines  as  these  in  their  way,  but  wanting 
the  terrible  compulsive  energy  {Zuv6t7]q). — 10-12.  Rev.  xx.,  13. 
See  note  on  Mors,  p.  229,  VIIL,  25. — Natnra:  supply  stapebii. 
The  resurrection  is  unnatural. — 13-15.  Liber :  Rev.  xx.,  12  ;  Dan. 
vii.,  10. — 17.  Apparebit:  Matt,  x.,  26;  Mark  iv.,  22;  Luke  viii., 
17;  xii,  2,  3. — 19-21.  Patronum :  1  John  ii.,  1. — Cum  vix  ins- 
tus:  1  Peter  iv.,  18. — 21.  Tremendae  is  one  of  the  recurring  epi- 
thets in  the  old  judgment  hymns  marked  by  Mone,  but  I  do  not 
see  it  coupled  with  maiestatis. —  Tremendae  maiestatis :  Job 
xxxvii.,  22  (not  in  the  Vulgate). — 22,  28.  Rev.  xxi.,  6. — Fons  pi- 
etatis:  see  the  hymn  of  Bernard,  p.  127,  line  37;  129,  85,  and 
notes : 

"From  thee  all  pity  flows." — Geokge  Herbert. 

— 25.  Recordare  :  Psalm  xxv.,  7 ;  Luke  xxiii.,  42.  —  26.  Sum 
causa :  1  Timothy  i.,  15  ;  Matt,  ix.,  13  ;  Mark  ii.,  17 ;  Rom.  v.,  8. — 
27.  Perdas:  John  xvii.,  12;  xviii.,  9.-28.  Sedisti:  by  the  well. 
John  iv.,  6. — 29,  30.  Heb.  xii.,  2.  It  is  said  that  Dr.  Samuel 
Johnson  would  repeat  this  stanza  in  Latin,  and  burst  into  floods 
of  tears. — 31-33.  Matt,  xxv.,  19-30.  "Post  multum  temporis 
yenit  dominus  servorum  illorum  et  posuit  rationem  cum  eis." — 
34.  Iugemisco:  Rom.  viii.,  23. — 35.  Tultus  rubet:  Ezra  ix.,  6.— 
37.  Mariam  Magdalene:  Mark  xvi.,  9. — Latronem:  Luke  xxiii., 
43. — 42.  Xe  cremer,  an  object  clause  after  fac.  Matt,  xxv.,  41. 
— 43-48.  Matt,  xxv.,  33. — 46.  Maledictis,  the  accursed  ones,  abso- 
lute with  confutatis  and  addictis. — 50.  Cor,  appositive  with  the 
subject  of  oro.  Psalm  li.,  19.— Cinis:  Job  xlii.,  6.  The  Earl  of 
Roscommon,  "  at  the  moment  in  which  he  expired,  uttered  with 
an  energy  of  voice  that  expressed  the  most  fervent  devotion,  two 
lines  of  his  own  version  of  Dies  Irae  : 

*  My  God,  my  Father,  and  my  Friend, 
Do  not  forsake  me  in  my  end !'  " 

Dr.  Johnson. 


29G  NOTES. 

Scott  was  heard  to  repeat  parts  of  the  original  hymn  on  his 
death-bed.— 52-58.  These  lines  adapt  the  hymn  to  the  service. 
See  them  on  p.  294.-55.  Ergo :  the  day  will  be  tearful,  therefore 
I  ctj parce.  Huie,  guilty  man  ;  the  race.  See  older  line,  p.  294. 
— 57.  Requie,  oftener  requiem,  but  the  rhyme  and  the  common 
construction  of  dona  favor  requie.     See  note  on  dono,  p.  261, 1.,  15. 


XXIX.  BONAVENTURA. 

Life. — John  of  Fidanza  was  born  at  Bagnarca  in  Tuscany, 
1221.  He  was  educated  at  Paris,  and  there  entered  the  order 
of  Franciscans,  under  the  name  of  Bonavcntura,  said  to  have  been 
given  by  an  exclamation  of  St.  Francis,  by  whose  prayers  he  had 
recovered  from  illness,  and  who  greeted  him  with  buona  ventura, 
i.  e.,  good  luck.  He  was  made  professor  of  theology  at  Paris, 
1245;  in  1256,  general  of  his  order;  1273,  cardinal  of  Alba.  He 
died,  1274,  at  Lyons,  attending  a  council  with  Pope  Gregory  X. 
He  was  called  ''Doctor  Seraphicus,"  and  regarded  as  the  great- 
est scholar  among  the  Franciscans.  Among  his  works  are  a  life 
of  St.  Francis,  "  The  Progress  of  the  Mind  towards  God,"  and 
much  poetry.     Dante  gives  him  a  place  in  his  Paradise. 

Hymn  I. 

In  Daniel,  2,  101 ;  Konigsfeld,  1,  151.  Translations  in  SchafT, 
Christ  in  Song,  p.  165;  by  Dr.  J.  W.  Alexander;  by  Dr.  Har- 
baugh.  SchafT  pronounces  it  the  best  of  the  hymns  of  Bona- 
ventura. 

Theme.  The  Holy  Cross,  and  Dying. 

Line  1.  Crneis:  H.,  406,  11 ;  A.  and  G.,  50,  4,  a  ;  M.,  315.— 3. 
Beleetare  iugiter,  continual  delight,  obj.  of  ducis;  riam  is  a  facti- 
tive object. — 40.  Eruuntur,  are  drawn  forth,  or  led  out  of  wretch- 
edness. 

Hymn  II. 

In  Mone,  1,  114,  115;  Wackernagel,  1,  140.     Translation  by 
Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  176. 
Theme.   The  Hours  of  the  Passion. 
Primam  (horam),  the  first  canonical  hour,  following  the  lauds, 


THOMAS   AQUINAS,  159-104.  297 

which  follow  matins.  Mark  xv.,  1.— Line  1.  Yelatus:  "Chri- 
stus  velamine  corporis  splendorem  maiestatis  suae,  quern  visus  ho- 
minum  non  ferebat,  obtexit,1'  Leon.,  M.,  Serrn.  25,  2. — 2.  Sol: 
Malachi  iv.,  2.-3.  Illusus :  Mark  xv.,  19.— 4.  Caesus:  Luke  xxii., 
64.— Tertiam :  9  o'clock.  Mark  xv.,  25.— Sextain:  12  o'clock. 
Mark  xv.,  33— Nonam:  Mark  xv.,  34.— Completorium :  the  last 
service  of  the  day.     See  p.  234,  note  on  Hymn  VIII. 

Hymn  III. 

In  Daniel,  1,  340  (the  beginning);  Mone,  1,  113;  Konigsfeld, 
2,  208,  with  German  translation.  The  last  line  of  each  stanza  is 
taken  from  one  of  the  Ambrosian  hymns— a  common  artifice. 

Theme.  The  Passion. 

Line  6.  This  is  from  a  hymn  in  Daniel,  1,  247.— 12.  Hymn  V. 
of  Ambrosiani,  p.  25.— 18.  Hymn  III.  of  Ambrosiani,  p.  22.— 21. 
In  Daniel,  1,  74.— 30.  Hymn  IV.  of  Hilarius,  p.  5. 

Hymn  IV. 

Bonaventurae  Opera,  vi.,  424 ;  Trench,  p.  146. 

Theme.  The  Passion. 

Line  1.  Hamnm:  the  use  of  this  figure  in  regard  to  Satan,  as 
in  Hymn  VIII.  of  Ambrose  (see  note  on  p.  229),  is  more  common, 
and  more  pleasing  than  in  regard  to  Christ. — 17.  Pavit,  he  fed. 
— 26.  Ad  quid,  to  why,  to  the  reason  why. — 27.  Alas  crucis. — 
27,  28.  Nee  (ignavus)  attenclit  quod  (Christus)  praetendit  hoc 
(cor)  vices  reclinatorii. — Reclinatorium,  i,  n,  a  little  table  on 
which  the  sacred  vessels  are  placed  at  sacrament;  here,  the 
food  set  on  a  table,  a  repast.     Lex.  Med.  Latin. 


XXX.  THOMAS  AQUINAS. 
Life. — Thomas  Aquinas  was  born  at  Aquino,  Naples,  about 
1225,  of  noble  family.  At  sixteen  he  became  the  pupil  of  Al- 
bertus  Magnus  and  joined  the  Dominicans.  He  taught  and 
preached  at  Paris  and  Rome,  and  his  fame  filled  Europe,  but  he 
steadily  refused  preferment.  He  died  in  1274.  He  left  many 
works  on  theology,  morals,  and  metaphysics.     He  is  called  the 

N2 


298  NOTES. 

Angelic  Doctor,  and  is  the  most  eminent  of  the  Dominicans,  and 
the  ablest  of  all  the  schoolmen. 

Hymn  I. 

In  Daniel,  1,  255;  Mone,  1,  275;  Wackernagel,  1,  145.  A 
translation  by  Neale,  Mediaeval  Hymns,  p.  176. 

Theme.  The  Eucharist. 

Line  l.Deitas:  Mone  reads  Veritas. — 3,  4,  "Haec  est  laus 
fidei,  si,  quod  creditur,  non  videtur."  Augustine  in  Ev.  John, 
79,  1. — 12,  Domine,  memento  mei,  cum  veneris  in  regnum  tuum. 
Luke  xxiii.,  42.— 13.  John  xx.,  24-29.— 18.  John  vi.,  35-48.— 
20.  llli  (menti). — 21.  Pelicane:  it  was  believed  that  the  peli- 
can, when  other  food  fails,  gives  its  own  blood  to  its  young  for 
food.  Hence  Christ  is  often  compared  to  the  pelican,  and  the 
figure  of  it  was  often  used  in  the  decoration  of  churches. — 26. 
Quando  fiet:  when  shall  come  to  pass.     Others  read  oro:  fiat. 

Hymn  II. 

In  Daniel,  2,  97;  Mone,  1,  276;  Wackernagel,  1,  143.  Ex- 
tracts translated  in  Schaff,  Christ  in  Song,  p.  586,  where  see  other 
translations  mentioned,  p.  584. 

Theme.  The  Body  of  Christ. 

Line  5.  Supply  est. — 11.  Fratrum,  fraternitas  are  common 
words  for  Christians  among  the  early  fathers,  as  with  us. — 21. 
Phase  (Sept.  Gi\,  0a<rix;  2  Chron.  xxxv.,  1,  from  Hebrew  for 
paseha) — indeclinable,  neuter — the  passover,  the  Lord's  Supper. 
Pliasis,  in  the  same  sense,  is  given  in  the  Med.  Lat.  Diet. — 23. 
Umbra:  compare  line  9,  Hymn  YIIL,  p.  146,  and  the  note.— 
25-27.  Luke  xxii.,  19;  1  Cor.  xi.,  25.-29,  30.  In  hostiam  salu- 
tis  :  "  Oft'erimus  hostiam  puram,  hostiam  sanctam,  hostiam  imma- 
culatam,  panem  sanctum  vitae  aeternae  et  calicem  salutis  perpe- 
tuae."  The  Latin  service.  For  the  English  word  host,  from  hostia, 
see  Webster's  Diet. — 31.  Dogma:  transubstantiation. — 36.  Prae- 
ter,  etc.,  outside  of  the  natural  order. — 40-48.  An  application  to 
the  wafer  of  the  scholastic  statement  of  the  omnipresence  of  God  : 
"All  in  the  whole  and  all  in  every  part." — 52.  Mors  est  mails:  1 
Cor. xi.,  29.-57-62.  Transubstantiation,  as  in  46-48.  The  words 
tegitur,  sci&sura,  are  perhaps  suggested  by  the  seamless  coat  of 


THOMAS    AQUINAS,  107-170.  299 

Christ  (John  xix.,  23,  24),  but  there  is  no  distinct  use  of  that  fig- 
ure.— 59,  Rei,  the  substance,  Christ. — 60,  Signi,  the  phenomenal 
appearance  of  the  bread. — 62.  Signati:  Christ. — 63.  Panis  ange- 
lorum:  Psalm  lxxviii.,  25;  John  vi.,  32. — 64.  Luke  xi.,  3.  See 
viaticum,  in  Webster. — 65,  66.  Matt,  xv.,  26. — 68.  Gen.  xxii. — 
69.  Exod.  xii. — 70.  Exod.  xvi. ;  Rev.  ii.,  17. — 78.  Commensales 
{con  and  mensalis),  table  companions,  communicants.  Med.  Lat. 
Diet     For  tuos  others  read  tu  nos. 

Hymn  III. 

In  Daniel,  1,  251 ;  Wackernagel,  1,  145.  Translations  in 
Neale's  Mediaeval  Hymns,  p.  178 ;  Schaff,  Christ  in  Soug,  p.  584, 
where  other  translations  are  mentioned.  Ncale  says :  "  This 
hymn  contests  the  second  place  among  those  of  the  Western 
Church,  with  the  c  Yexilla  Regis,'  the  '  Stabat  Mater,'  the  '  Jesu 
dulcis  Memoria,'  the  '  Ad  Regias  Agni  Dapes,'  the  '  Ad  Supernam,' 
and  one  or  two  others,  leaving  the  '  Dies  Irae '  in  its  unapproach- 
able glory." 

Theme.  The  Body  and  Blood  of  Christ. 

Line  1 .  Pange,  frame  in  song.  See  Hymn  I.  of  Fortunatus,  p. 
64,  from  which  this  opening  is  imitated. — 4.  Quern  (sanguinem). 
— In  pretium,  for  the  ransom. — 5.  Fructus :  appositive  with  Bex. 
— 9.  Conversatus :  deponent, — 10.  Matt,  xiii.,  37. — 11,  12.  He 
closed  in  a  wonderful  method  (ordine)  the  protracted  periods  of 
his  sojourn. — 13.  Luke  xxii.,  20. — 15.  Legalibus:  prescribed  by 
the  law  of  Moses.— 17,  18.  See  lines  10,  11  of  Hymn  II.,  p.  165. 
— Cihum,  appositive  with  se. — 19,  20.  Verbum  caro  (the  Word 
made  flesh)  efficit  verbo  panem  (esse)  verum  carnem. — 21.  Me- 
rum  (pure  wine),j££  sanguis. — 22.  Though  our  senses  fail  to  dis- 
cern the  change. — 26.  Cernui,  bowed  we  revere. — 27.  Documen- 
tum,  showing,  shadow,  the  Passover. 

Hymn  IV. 

In  Daniel,  2,  369  ;  Konigsfeld,  1,  148.  Translations  in  Schaff's 
Christ  in  Song,  p.  589 ;  in  the  Andover  Sabbath  Hymn-book,  No. 
105,  by  Ray  Palmer;  in  Shipley's  Lyra  Eucharistica,  p.  174.  It 
is  ascribed  to  Aquinas  by  Konigsfeld  and  Palmer.  It  will  by 
seen  to  be  a  happy  echo  of  the  former  hymns. 


300  NOTES. 

Theme.  The  Body  of  Christ. 

Line  1.  Line  64  of  Hymn  II. — 2.  Line  63,  Hymn  II. — 3.  Line 
70,  Hymn  II.— 4.  Line  73,  Hymn  II.— 5.  Duleedine:  H.,  419,  2; 
A.  and  G.,  54.  1. — 10.  Pota,  give  drink,  refresh.  Diet.  Med.  Lat.— 
17,  18.  Aperta  acie,  with  ojyeu  vision. 


XXXI.  IACOPONUS. 
Life. — Jacopone  da  Todi,  sometimes  called  Benedetto  and 
Jacobus  de  Benedictis,  was  born  at  Todi,  in  Umbria,  of  a  noble 
family,  in  the  early  part  of  the  thirteenth  century.  The  date  is 
unknown.  He  became  a  Franciscan  upon  the  death  of  his  wife, 
though  only  a  lay  brother.  He  wrote  much,  and  many  spiritual 
songs  and  satires  in  Italian  have  been  preserved.  The  freedom 
with  which  he  satirized  the  abuses  and  vices  of  the  priests  drew 
on  him  long  imprisonments  from  Boniface  VIII.  "  An  earnest 
humorist,  he  carried  the  being  a  fool  for  Christ  into  every-day 
life."  His  extravagances  and  buffoonery  "  often  leave  one  in 
doubt  whether  he  was  indeed  perfectly  sound  in  his  mind,  or 
only  a  Christian  Brutus,  feigning  folly,  that  he  might  impress  his 
wisdom  the  more  deeply,  and  utter  it  with  more  freedom."  Of 
his  Latin  poems,  only  the  three  here  printed  are  preserved.  He 
died  in  1306.  His  epitaph  (1596)  reads:  "  Ossa  B.  Jacoponi  de 
Benedictis,  Tudertini,  qui,  stultus  propter  Christum,  nova  mun- 
dum  arte  delusit,  et  coelum  rapuit."     Trench. 

Hymn  I. 
In  Daniel,  2, 131-154  ;  Mone,  2, 147-154  ;  Wackernagel,  1, 136, 
161 ;  the  Breviaries  and  collections.  Translations  are  numerous 
in  many  languages.  Lisco  (Stabat  Mater,  Berlin,  1843)  gives 
fifty-three  German  versions.  In  English,  a  translation  of  part  of 
it  is  in  Schaff,  Christ  in  Song,  p.  169  ;  a  prose  translation  in  Mrs. 
Charles's  Christian  Life  in  Song,  p.  208;  and  there  are  versions 
by  Lord  Lindsay,  Caswall,  Coles,  Benedict,  and  others.  "  It  is 
t lie  most  pathetic,  as  the  Dies  Irae  is  the  most  sublime  hymn  of 
the  Middle  Ages,  and  occupies  the  second  rank  in  Latin  hym- 
nology."     Schaff.     It  has  furnished  the  text  for  many  renowned 


IACOPONUS,  171-173.  301 

musical  compositions,  among  which  the  best  known  are  those  of 
Palestrina,  Pergolesi,  and  Haydn.  There  is  a  literature  of  essays 
and  critical  discussions  of  the  history,  authorship,  and  merits  of 
the  poem.  It  is  ascribed  by  Benedict  XIV.,  De  Festis  Jesu  Christi, 
2,  c.  4,  §  5,  to  Pope  Innocent  III.,  who  died  in  1216 — the  pope  to 
whom  the  English  King  John  submitted,  the  most  learned  and 
able  man  of  his  age,  and  under  whom  the  papal  power  reached 
its  height.  Mone  and  Wackernagel  both  accept  the  statement, 
and  select  stanzas  1,  4,  3,  5,  7,  9,  somewhat  modified,  as  the  origi- 
nal hymn,  which  they  think  was  supplemented  and  brought  to 
its  later  form  by  Jacopone.  Mone  complains  that  so  little  critical 
study  has  been  given  to  the  hymn  itself;  but,  aside  from  the 
questions  of  original  text,  which  include  those  on  a  large  num- 
ber of  various  readings,  there  seems  little  difficulty  or  remote 
suggestion,  or  even  subtle  Biblical  allusion  in  it.  It  is  simple 
Mariolatry,  most  of  it.  It  is  familiarly  known  as  the  "  Stabat 
Mater  "  and  the  "  Mater  Dolorosa." 

Theme,  The  Mother  of  Christ  at  his  Cross. 

Line  1,  2.  Stabat  mater  juxta  crucem:  John  xix.,  25.  "  Sta- 
bat ante  crucem  mater,  et,  fugientibus  viris,  stabat  intrepida; 
spectabat  piis  oculis  filii  vulnera."  Ambrose,  De  Inst.  Virg.,  c.  7, 
§  49. — Dolorosa,  lacrymosa :  "  Stantem  illam  lego,  flentem  non 
lego."  Ambrose,  De  Ob.  Valent.,  39  ;  Mone,  2,  149.  The  Greek 
service  often  speaks  of  her  as  weeping :  Trapiararo  ry  £uXy  y)  irap- 
SkvoQ  Kkaiovaa,  Oct.  17.  So  Spiivudovaa,  Jan.  22,  Oct.  6. — 4.  Cuius 
(matris). — 10,  11.  Note  the  effect  of  the  repeated  rhymes. — 16, 
Non-contristari. — 19-24.  Mark  xv.,  15-34.— Suae,  his.  Matt,  i., 
21.— 30.  Sibi,  to  Christ. — Complaceam :  con-,  i.  e.,  cum  te. — 32. 
Crucifixi,  the  crucified. — 34-37.  Divide  poenas  nati. — Dignati, 
deigning. — 40-42.  Desidero  stare.  For  line  41,  others  read  "Me- 
que  tibi  sociare." — 46.  Portem,  hear  about.  2  Cor.  iv.,  10. — 47. 
Fac  (me),  consortem  passionis,  et  (also)  recolere  (to  experience)  pla- 
gas.  For  plagas  some  read  poenam. — 50.  Inebriari.  See  note  on 
line  23,  Hymn  III.,  p.  226. — 52.  Inflammatus,  kindled  by  the  love 
of  Christ. — 55-57.  In  place  of  these  lines,  other  copies  read: 

"  Christe,  cum  sit  hinc  transire, 
Da  per  matrem  me  venire 
Ad  palmam  victoriae." 


302 


NOTES. 


Hymn  II. 

In  KGnigsfeld,  with  a  German  translation,  Lat.  Hymnen  und 
GesSnge,  2,  242;  Seven  Great  Hymns,  p.  118,  with  Neale's  trans- 
lation into  English  ;  Christ  in  Song,  p.  97,  two  verses.  The  hymn 
was  first  made  known  by  Ozanam,  Les  Poetes  Franciscains  en 
Italie  au  troisieme  siecle,  Paris,  1852.  It  is  spoken  of  as  "  the  Ma- 
ter Speciosa,"  a  "companion-hymn,"  a  "twin  sister  of  Mater  Do- 
lorosa," "  the  product  of  the  same  genius,"  and  the  like.  It  is 
really  a  rather  servile  parody,  which  a  great  author  would  hardly 
make  of  a  great  poem  of  his  own. 

Theme.  The  Mother  of  Christ  at  the  Manger  of  Bethlehem. 

Line  1.  Luke  ii.,7. — 2.  Gm&ios^gaudens,  late  Lat.— 6.  Iubilus, 
i.  e.,  iubilum  (not  found  elsewhere).— 24.  Diversorio,  inn,  Luke  ii., 
7.-28.  Senex,  Joseph.— Puella,  Mary.— 30.  Stupesceutes  agrees 
with  senex  cum  puella,  as  though  cum  were  et.  H.,  438,  6 ;  A.  and 
G.,  47,  1 ;  M.,  403,  b. — 44.  Iesuline,  a  double  diminutive  from 
Iesus,  Iesulus;  see  puerino,  line  47.  -inus  was  not  a  dimin- 
utive in  the  old  Latin;  it  meant  formed  from,  descended  from  ; 
but  we  pass  easily  from  younger  to  smaller.  Diminutives  in 
•inus  occur  as  early  as  the  eighth  century,  and  are  common  in 
Italian,  Spanish,  and  Portuguese.  See  Diez.  Rom.  Gram.,  III., 
314,  315. — 54.  Tradere  vitam,  to  give  life  to  men. — 56.  tfato : 
Christ. — 57.  Tripudio,  from  tripudium,  joy,  delight.  Diet.  Med. 
Latin. — Stantem :  others,  stans. 

Hymn  III. 

In  Konigsfeld,  Lat.  Hymnen  und  Gesange,  1, 128;  Trench,  p. 
264;  Bernardi,  Op.,  2,  913;  Mohnike,  Ilymnol.  Forschungen,  2, 
173.  Translations  in  Hymns  to  the  Virgin  and  to  Christ,  Early 
English  Text  Society's  publication,  p.  36 ;  The  Paradise  of  Dainty 
Devices,  poem  I. ;  and  Tusser. 

Theme.  The  Vanity  of  the  World. 

Line  1.  Sub,  over,  concerning.  Diet.  Med.  Lat, — 5.  Fide:  im- 
perative.— (>.  Plus  quam  fallaciae. — 9.  Vitris:  others,  viris  vera- 
ci&ws.— 13.  Die,  ubi  Salomon,  etc.,  will  remind  the  Anglo-Saxon 
student  of  Alfred's  meters : 


THOMAS    A    KEMPIS,  178.  303 

Hp£r  sind  nu  J?ses  pisan       Pelandes  ban, 
paes  gold-smiSes,       pe  paes  geo  maerost? 
Hpaer  is  nu  se  rica       llomana  pita  .  .  . 
mid  p&m  burhparum       Brutus  nemned? 
Hpaer  is  eac  se  pisa       and  se  peorSgeorna, 
cene  and  craeftig,       paem  paes  Caton  nama? 

March's  Anglo-Saxon  Reader,  p.  Go. 

— 13,  Salomon,  the  common  spelling  in  Latin,  Greek,  and  other 
languages.     1  Kings  iv.,  34  (=v.,  14). — 14.  Judges  xiii.-xvi. — 

15.  Absalon,  a  common  corruption  of  Absalom,  the  spelling  in 
Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew  of  the  Bible.     2  Samuel  xiii.-xviii. — 

16.  1  Samuel  xviii.-xxiii.  —  18.  Dives :  Luke  xvi.  The  Latin 
word  for  rich  man,  erroneously  taken  as  a  proper  name. — 20. 
Trench  compares  the  following  lines  from  a  funeral  hymn  of 
John  of  Damascus : 

"  wov  tarty  i)  rov  Koafiov  TrpoaizaSua  ; 
itov  icriv  y)  tCjv  7rpo<JKaipujv  (pavraaia  ; 
ttov  iar'iv  6  xpvvoQ  Kai  6  dpyvpoc  ; 
7rov  lariv  tujp  oikstujv  i)  TrX-fj/nfivpa  Kai  6  Sopvfiog ; 
iravra  kuviq,  iravra  rscppa,  iravra  oKia" 

—24.  Claudentur :  others,  clauduntiir. — 26.  Eius:  the  world's. 
—27.  Quae  (gaudia).— 30.  Ros:  Hos.vi.,4;  xiii.,  3.— Extolleris: 
passive. — 33.  Tanti :  price. — 34.  Flos :  Job  xiv.,  2 ;  Psalm  ciii., 
15 ;  Isaiah  xxviii.,  1-4  ;  1  Peter  i.,  24. — 35,  36.  Luci  subtrahitnr, 

is  taken  from  the  light  into  the  dark  grave.  Similar  was  the 
heathen  Anglo-Saxon's  comparison  of  life  to  the  flight  of  a  spar- 
row through  a  banqueting-hall  on  a  stormy  winter  night — a 
glance,  and  he  is  gone  into  the  night — a  comparison  better  suited 
to  a  heathen  than  a  Christian.  Beda,  Hist.  Ec,  2,  13;  March's 
Ang.-Sax.  Reader,  p.  39. 


XXXII.  THOMAS  A  KEMPIS. 

Life. — Thomas  Hamerken  was  born  in  1380,  in  the  diocese  of 

Cologne,  at  Kempen,  or  Kampen,  and  is  hence  called  1  Kempis. 

He  became  an  inmate  of  the  monastery  of  Mount  St.  Agnes,  and 

spent  much  time  in  copying — fifteen  years,  it  is  said,  on  one  copy 


30-4  NOTES. 

of  the  Bible.  He  wrote  various  ascetic  and  devotional  treatises, 
and  among  them,  as  is  generally  believed,  The  Imitation  of 
Christ,  "next  to  the  Bible  the  most  widely  diffused  and  oftenest 
reprinted  book  in  the  world."  Trench,  p.  321.  lie  wrote  a  few 
poems.     He  died  in  1471. 

Hymn  I. 

Wackernagel,  1,  225;  Konigsfeld,  with  German  translation,  2, 
254. 

Theme.  Patience. 

Line  1-8.  a  Prosperity  is  the  blessing  of  the  Old  Testament, 
adversity  is  the  blessing  of  the  New,  which  carricth  the  greater 
benediction,  and  the  clearer  revelation  of  God's  favor."  Bacon, 
Essay  on  Adversity. — 3,  4. 

"  Satan  now  is  wiser  than  of  yore, 
And  tempts  by  making  rich,  not  making  poor." 

Pope. 

—12.  Proximos,  neighbors.—  24.  Laude:  ablative  of  cause.     H., 

419,  iv. ;  A.  and  G.,  54,  3,  a.— 25.  Gradu :  specification.     H.,  429 ; 

A.  and  G.,  54,  9.— 30.  Hostibus:  dative.     A.  and  G.,  51,  G;  H., 

391. 

Hymn  II. 

In  Wackernagel,  1,  224  ;  Trench,  p.  321.  Trench  says  the  po- 
ems of  "  Thomas  of  Kempen  "  will  not  yield  a  second  extract  at 
all  to  be  compared  in  beauty  with  the  very  beautiful  fragment 
which  follows. 

Theme.  The  Joys  of  Heaven. 

Line  1.  Wackernagel  begins  with 

"O,  qualis  quantaque  laeticia 
Resonat  in  coelesti  patria 
Ubi  Iesus  gaudet  cum  Maria 
Laeto  vultu,  dnlci  melodia. " 

Rev.  v.,  14  ;  vii.,  11. — 6.  Tympanizant  (rv^iraviloj)  is  of  course  the 
vcib,  of  which  the  participle  tympmtizans  only  is  given  in  the 
Latin  Lexicons. — 17.  Seraphim.  In  the  poem  from  which  the 
extract  is  made,  the  choirs  of  angels  are  spoken  of  in  order — 
Cherubim,  Throni,  Dominationes,  Principatus,  Potentates,  and  the 


IOHANNES  MAUBURNUS — AUCTOKES  INCERTI,  181-183.   305 

Archangeli;  a  full  description  of  which  may  be  found  in  Greg., 
M.  Horn,  in  Evang.,  2,  34,  10 ;  Mone,  1,  442,  443. 


XXXIII.  IOHANNES  MAUBURNUS. 
Life. — Mauburne,  or  Momboir  (Jean),  was  born  at  Brussels 
in  1460 ;  was  a  friend  and  correspondent  of  Erasmus,  and  the 
author  of  several  ascetic  treatises,  from  one  of  which,  the  Rosetum 
Spirituale,  the  following  hymn  is  taken.  He  died  abbot  of  the 
cloister  of  Livry,  near  Paris,  in  1502. 

The  Hymn. 

In  Daniel,  1,  335 ;  Konigsfeld,  Lat.  Hymnen  und  Gesiinge,  2, 
252;  Trench,  p.  114.  A  translation  by  Mrs.  Charles  in  Christian 
Life  in  Song,  p.  174.  It  is  from  a  poem  of  thirteen  stanzas,  and 
was  early  used  in  this  form  as  a  Christmas  Hymn.  It  continued 
to  be  a  great  favorite  in  the  Protestant  churches  as  long  as  they 
sang  Latin  hymns.  An  old  translation  is  still  used  in  Germany  : 
"Warnm  liegt  in  Krippelein." 

Theme.  The  Nativity. 

Line  11-20.,  an  answer  to  the  first  stanza, — 13.  Quod  (genus), 
occidit  se  noxa  sceleris  profani. — 15.  Inopiis,  i.  e.,  stabulo,  penu- 
ria,  etc. — 17.  Pergo  ditare:  I  am  going  to  enrich  thee.  Note  the 
idiom,  like  the  English;  the  French,  Je  vais  lire;  the  Anglo- 
Saxon,  Ic  gd  r&dan,  and  the  like.  March's  Anglo-Saxon  Gram- 
mar, 415,  4. 


XXXIV.  AUCTOKES  INCERTI. 

The  approximate  date,  and  any  suggested  authorship,  will  be 
mentioned  with  each  hymn. 

Hymn  I. 
In  Daniel,  1,  334;  Wackernagel,  1,  198-201,  gives  ten  forms; 
Trench,  p.  97.     There  are  many  old  German  forms ;  in  English 
there  is  a  translation  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in  Song, 


30G  NOTES. 

p.  173.  It  belongs  to  the  fourteenth  century.  It  was  a  great 
favorite  in  the  Lutheran  churches,  and  has  remained  in  use  al- 
most or  quite  to  the  present  day. 

Theme.  The  Birth  of  Christ.     Matthew  ii. 

Line  5,  G.  The  ox  and  ass  were  every  where  accepted  as  occu- 
pants of  the  stable  with  Christ.  Proof  is  in  Habakkuk  iii.,  2, 
where,  for  k'in  the  midst  of  the  years,"  the  Septuagint  strangely 
reads  kv  iikay  Svio  Z,wwv  yvwvSy'jay,  and  the  old  Latin  version, 
"  in  medio  duorum  animalium  innotesceris."  This  was  inter- 
preted by  Isaiah  i.,  3 :  "  The  ox  knoweth  his  owner,  and  the 
ass  his  master's  crib."  The  bos  also  represented  the  Jews,  the 
shepherds,  and  asinus  the  heathen,  the  wise  men. — 7.  Reges. 
That  the  wise  men  from  the  East  were  kings  was  universally  be- 
lieved, the  proof  resting  on  Isaiah  lx.,  3;  Psalm  lxxii.,  10-15. 
— Saba:  Psalm  lxxii.,  10. 

Hymn  II. 

In  Daniel,  1,  341 ;  Mone,  1,  195  ;  Wackernagel,  1, 175-177,  five 
forms.  In  manuscript  of  the  fourteenth  century.  The  cor- 
responding German,  "  Christ  ist  erstanden,"  is  known  in  the 
twelfth  century,  and  may  possibly  be  the  original.  Compare 
Schaff,  Christ  in  Song,  p.  253,  where  is  a  translation  into  English. 

Theme.  The  Resurrection  of  Christ.     Mark  xvi. 

Line  15,  16.  John  xxi. 

Hymn  III. 
In  Mone,  3,  65  ;  Wackernagel,  1,  157.     Of  the  thirteenth  cent- 
ury. 

Theme.  The  Apostles. 

Line  2.  Nuhes:  Isaiah  lx.,  8.     It  is  applied  to  the  apostles 

often:  wfnrtp  ve^tXat  7r\r]pFiQ  Stiov  (puree,  iramv  t7ro^i^pi'Sovmj>  vdwp 
Kuottowv  oi  a7r6(j~o\oi.  Greek  service  for  June  30.  So  Gregory, 
M.  Horn,  in  Ev.,  1,  5,  4;  Athanasius.  "Showers  of  truth  fall 
from  their  dark  savings."  Augustine,  in  Mone,  3,  65. — 5.  Prin- 
cipes:  Matt,  xi.v,  28.— (>.  Lapides:  1  Peter  ii.,  5,  G.— 7,  S.  Psalms 
xix.,4.  13-15.  In  the  year  95,  says  the  legend,  St.  John  was 
sent  to  Komc  by  the  proconsul  of  Asia,  and  there  miraculously 
preserved  from  death  when  thrown  into  a  caldron  of  boiling  oil. 


AUCTORES   INCEETI,  186-190.  307 


Hymn  IV. 

Trench,  p.  134.  Translation  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life  in 
Song,  p.  175.  It  is  part  of  a  long  poem,  sometimes  ascribed  to 
Anselm  of  Lucca,  who  died  1086.  The  meter  is  a  favorite  one, 
much  used  for  narrative  poems  in  the  Middle  Ages. 

Theme.  Our  Lord's  Life  and  Death. 

Line  15.  Yallem  lacryinarunij  "vale  of  tears." — 17.  Trista- 
tur :  Isaiah  liii.,  3. 

"The  Joy  of  all  is  plunged  in  grief,  the  Light  of  all  is  waning, 
The  Bread  of  Life  needs  nourishing,  the  Strength  of  all  sustaining ; 
The  Fount  at  which  all  heaven  is  filled,  the  Fount  of  life  is  thirsting — 
What  heart  such  wonders  can  behold,  and  not  be  nigh  to  bursting?" 

Mrs.  Charles. 
Hymn  Y. 

In  Daniel,  2,  339;  Trench,  p.  116;  Konigsfeld,  with  German 
translation,  Lat.  Hyinnen  und  Gesange,  2,  306.     Fifteenth  century. 

Theme.  The  Nativity. 

Line  4-6.  Quae  (nox)  paris  in  terris  delicias  suspiratas,  (et) 
datas  e  coelo. — 10-12.  Me  us  Deus,  sol  vitae,  in  came  suboritur 
mundo,  ut  (mundus)  vivat. — 16.  Caula,  stable,  singular  of  the  cau- 
lae  given  in  the  dictionaries. — 24.  Quid  sibi  volimt,  what  wish  for 
themselves,  purpose,  mean. 

Hymn  VI. 

In  Daniel,  2,  342;  Konigsfeld,  1,  208.  Translation  into  En- 
glish in  SchafTs  Christ  in  Song,  p.  100,  by  E.  A.  Washburn. 
Fourteenth  to  sixteenth  century. 

Theme.  The  Infant  Christ  in  the  arms  of  his  Mother. 

Line  18.  Spicula,  darts,  learnings  of  love  and  light ;  frequently, 
darts  of  Cupid — a  play  on  the  two  meanings  is  intended. — 21. 
One  struck  by  such  a  dart  was  inflamed  with  love. — 24.  Iesule, 
diminutive  of  Iesus.  H.,  315  ;  A.  and  G.,  44, 1,  3.  Diminutives 
of  affection  abound  in  the  Romanic  tongues.     See  p.  175,  line  44. 

Hymn  VII. 

In  Daniel,  2,  335  ;  Konigsfeld,  with  a  German  translation,  Lat. 
Hymnen  und   Gesange,  2,  280 ;   Mrs.  Charles,  with   an  English 


308 


NOTES. 


translation,  Christian   Life   in    Song,  p.  293 ;    Schaff,  Christ   in 
Bong,  p.  602.     Longfellow  also  has  translated  it : 

"  0  God  !   my  spirit  loves  but  Thee." 
It  is  a  late  hymn,  and  is  known  as  Xavier's  hymn,  having  been 
often  ascribed  to  Francis  Xavier,  the  friend  and  companion  of 
Loyola,  -  the  Apostle  of  the  Indies:'     1506-1552. 
Theme.  Love  of  Christ. 

Line  12.  Ah:  others,  ac.— 20.  Schaff  omits  the  last  line.  Others 
read : 

4 'Sic  Dens,  semper  amem  te, 
Ut  ipse  tu  amasti  me, 
Sed  amem  te,  quod  mea  spes, 
Quod  meum  summura  bonum  es." 

Hymn  VIII. 

In  Daniel,  2,  345  ;  Konigsfeld,  with  a  German  translation,  Lat. 
Hymnen  und  Gesange,  1,  222;  Trench,  p.  150.  Fourteenth  to 
sixteenth  century. 

Theme.  The  Love  of  the  Suffering  Christ. 

Line  1,  2.  Psalm  h\,  0.— 8.  Improperium :  Rom.  xv.,  3  ;  Heb. 
xi.,  20.— 13,  14.  "  Columba  mea  in  foraminibus  petrae,  in  caverna 
maceriae,  ostende  mihi  faciem  tuam."  The  Latin  of  tile  Song  of 
Solomon,  ii.,  14.  "Foramina  petrae,  vulnera  Christ!  In°his 
passer  invenit  sibi  domum  et  turtur  nidum,  ubi  reponat  pullos 
suos;  in  his  se  columba  tutatur,  et  circumvolitantem  intuetur 
accipitrem."     St.  Bernard,  in  Cant.  Serm.  01 ;  Trench,  p.  151. 

Hymn  IX. 

In  Daniel,  2,  365;  Konigsfeld,  Lat.  Hymnen  und  Gesange,  1, 
230 ;  Trench,  p.  159.  Translation  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life 
in  Song,  p.  182;  Schaff,  Christ  in  Song,  two  versions,  p.  250,  257. 
Schaff  calls  it  "  this  sweet  and  cheering  Easter  hymn." 

Theme.  The  Resurrection  of  Christ.     John  xix,  11-18. 

Line  1.  Mary  Magdalene  is  here  identified  with  "the  woman 
thai  was  a  sinner"  of  Luke  vii.,  37,  as  she  usually  is  in  the  Mid- 
dle Ages.  Compare  Dies  Irae,  line  37,  p.  155.— 3.  Simonis:  the 
Pharisee.  Luke  vii,  40.-4.  Supply  ^.-25.  Quinque,  etc. 
John  xx,  24-29 ;  Luke  xxiv,  40. 


AUCTORES   INCERTI,  193-197.  309 

Hymn  X. 

In  Konigsfeld,  Lat.  Hymnen  unci  Gesange,  1,  238,  with  a  Ger- 
man translation ;  also  a  second  translation  by  A.  W.  Schlegel,  p. 
273 ;  Trench,  p.  249.     Fourteenth  to  sixteenth  century. 

Theme.  Love  of  Christ. 

Line  1,  2.  The  forms  of  speech  are  drawn  from  Solomon's  Song, 
Sionis  filiae,  Cant,  i.,  5  ;  ii.,  7.-3.  Cant,  ii.,  5  — 10.  Cant,  ii.,  5.— 
10-18.  The  phoenix  builds  its  own  funeral-pile  of  myrrh  and 
cassia,  and  burns  itself,  and  rises  from  its  ashes  with  renewed 
youth.     The  rest  of  the  poem  is  the  death-song  of  the  phoenix : 

"Eire  ascending  seeks  the  sun; 
So  a  soul  that's  born  of  God 
Upward  tends  to  his  abode. " 

Hymn  XI. 

In  Daniel,  2,  349 ;  Konigsfeld,  Lat,  Hymnen  und  Gesange,  2, 
324  ;  Trench,  p.  302.  Trench  calls  it  "  perfect  in  its  kind."  Four- 
teenth to  sixteenth  century. 

Theme.  The  Cross. 

Hymn  XII. 

In  Konigsfeld,  with  a  German  translation,  Lat.  Hymnen  und 
Gesange,  1,  226.  An  English  translation  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Chris- 
tian Life  in  Song,  p.  184.     Fourteenth  to  sixteenth  century. 

Theme.  The  Resurrection  of  Christ, 

Line  3,  4.  Summus  et  imus  orbis,  the  highest  and  lowest  'part  of 
the  world,  the  world  above  and  below. — 7,  8.  The  beauty  of  the 
tender  palm  is  a  representative  of  spring. — 20.  Barbytha,  bad 
spelling  for  barbita  {fiaofiiTov),  lutes. 

Hymn  XIII. 

In  Daniel,  2,  166;  Mone,  3,  118;  Trench,  p.  75.  "This  sub- 
lime hymn,  though  not  Adam  of  St.  Victor's,  proceeds  from  one 
formed  in  his  school  and  on  his  model,  and  is  altogether  worthy 
of  him.  It  is,  indeed,  to  my  mind,  grander  than  his  own" 
on  the  same  theme.     Trench.     Thirteenth  century. 

Theme.  John  the  Evangelist. 

Line  1-6.  1  John  i.,  1. — 7-9.  See  note  on  line  49  of  Hymn  V. 


310  NOTES. 

of  Adam  of  St.  Victor,  p.  142.— 12.  Pe  throno:  Rev.  xxii.,  1. — 
13.  Coelum  transit:  "Transcendit  nubes,  transcendit  virtutes 
coelorum,  transcendit  angelos,  et  Verbum  in  prindpio  reperit,  et 
Verbum  apud  Deum  vidit."  Ambrose,  Prol.  in  Exp.  in  Luc,  c.  &, 
in  Trench,  p.  76  : 

"  He  passed  the  flaming  bounds  of  space  and  time; 
The  living  throne,  the  sapphire  blaze, 
Where  angels  tremble  when  they  gaze, 
He  saw  ..." 

Gray,  of  Milton. 

— 15.  John  is  an  eagle,  tried  by  the  light  of  God  as  the  young 
eagle  which  its  parents  try  by  the  sun ;  if  it  look  steadily,  well : 
"  Si  acie  palpitaverit,  tanquam  adulterinus  ab  ungue  diniittitur." 
Augustine  of  John,  Tract.  36. — 17>  18.  Isaiali  vi.,  2,  is  translated 
in  the  Vulgate :  "  Duabus  velabant  faciem  ejus,"  i.  e.,  Domini. 
This  was  coupled  with  Exodus  xxxiii.,  20,  and  the  wings  of  the 
seraphim  were  taken  as  a  veil,  hiding  God  even  from  the  proph- 
ets. John  looked  sub  alls  and  saw  God. — 19-21.  Rev.  iv.,  10; 
v.,  8. — Nnmmp  :  John  stamps  the  Trinity  on  the  coins  of  our  city, 
i.  e.,  exhibits  God  as  its  King.  Luke  xx.,  24  ;  Rev.  iv.,  8-11 ;  iii., 
12.  Trench  thinks  these  coins  are  men  or  icords. — 25-30.  Olshau- 
sen  has  taken  this  stanza  as  the  motto  of  his  Commentary  on 
John.  Trench  says  sacred  Latin  poetry  has  not  a  grander  stanza. 
— 28.  Implenda:  the  Apocalypse. — Impleta:  the  Gospel. —31. 
Isaiah  lxiii.,  1-3;  Rev.  xix.,  11. — 32.  Isaiah  liii.,  2-4. — 34.  Ezek. 
i.,  10;  Rev.  iv.,  7.-37.  Dilecte  (Iohannes),  John  xiii.,  23  ;  ^xi.,  20. 
-De  Dilecto  (Christo).— 38.  Ex  Dilecto  (Deo).  "  Qualis  est  di- 
lectus  tuns  ex  dilecto,"  Canticles  v.,  9,  where  ex  dilecto  was  thought 
to  mean  sprung  from  God,  Son  of  God. — 40.  Cibus,  Christ.  Psalm 
lwviii.,  25.  So  Augustine,  Hildebert,  and  others  quoted  in 
Trench. — 44,  45.  John  xiii.,  23.-46.  Patrono:  Christ,  Rev.  v., 
9. 

Hymn  XIV. 

In  Mone,  1,  30;  in  Schaff,  Christ  in  Song,  p.  429,  the  three  first 
lines  arc  quoted  as  a  heading  for  Bonar's  hymn : 
"  I  was  a  wandering  sheep, 
I  did  not  love  the  Ibid." 
It  is  as  early  as  the  eleventh  century. 


ATJCTORES   INCERTI,  199-202.  311 

Theme.  The  Incarnation. 

Line  2.  Summus  opilio:  Hebrews  xiii.,  20. — 7.  Pugnaturus 
induit:  Ephesians  vi.,  16,  17. — Tunicam,  the  garment  of  the 
flesh. — 8^  9.  Thalamo  puellae :  see  Hymn  IV.  of  Ambrose,  line 
13,  p.  12,  and  note. 

Hymn  XV. 

In  Mone,  1,  118;  a  translation  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life 
in  Song,  p.  178.  There  are  three  more  stanzas  in  Mone.  The 
hymn  has  been  ascribed  to  St.  Bernard,  and  Mone  thinks  it  good 
enough  to  be  his. 

Theme.  The  Suffering  of  Christ, 

Line  1.  Dulcis:  Psalm  xxxiv.,  8.  "  Amemus  Iesum,  quia  dul- 
cis  est,"  Augustine,  Serm.  130,  3;  and  so,  abundantly  with  the 
fathers.  Mrs.  Charles  omits  "  the  epithet  '  dulcis/  as  not  precisely 
rendered  by  any  corresponding  English  adjective." — Spes  panpe- 
ris :  Matt,  xi.,  5. — 14.  Pigmenta5  spices,  a  common  meaning  in 
late  Latin.  Med.  Lat.  Diet.  —  21.  Supply  sumus.  —  22.  Tu  te, 
usually  printed  as  one  word,  tute;  supply  es  ex. — 27.  Tyranni: 
daifiovtov  Tvpawig.  Chrysost.,De  S.Roinano,  2. — 51.  Zelus^  neut,? 
as  in  late  Greek. 

Hymn  XVI. 

In  Daniel,  1,  343;  Waekernagel,  1,  243,  two  forms.  Transla- 
tion in  Schaff's  Christ  in  Song,  p.  309 ;  from  Neale's  Mediaeval 
Hymns,  p.  173;  Shipley's  Lyra  Messianica,  p.  419;  version  by  J. 
W.  Hewett.  Some  copies  have  Alleluia  after  each  line.  Fif- 
teenth century. 

Theme.  The  Ascension. 

Line  9.  Daniel  reads,  and  Neale  translates  : 

"In  hoc  triumpho  maximo." 
"In  this  great  triumph  of  onr  King." 

Hymn  XVII. 

In  Mone,  1,  86.     Of  the  fifth  century. 

Theme.  Alleluia.  From  Sqrtuagesima,  i.  e.,  the  seventieth  day 
before  Easter,  to  Easter  Sunday,  the  Alleluia  is  not  sung.  Special 
Alleluia  hymns  are  therefore  sung  on  the  evening  before  this  in- 
termission. 


312  NOTES. 

Lino  2.  Aetherei :  "  Aliud  est  coelum  aereum,  aliud  aethereum." 
Gregory,  M.  Horn,  in  Ev.,  2,  29,  5. — 3.  Perenne,  in  contrast  with 
the  alleluias  of  earth. — 13,  14.  (Vos)  victores  capitis  almnm  de- 
cus. — 19.  Supply  est.— 22.  Suavisonus,  sweet,  adj.  in  no  diet. 

Hymn  XVIII. 

In  Daniel,  2,  53  ;  Mone,  1,  88 ;  The  Seven  Great  Hymns,  p.  148 ; 
Ni  ale's  Mediaeval  Hymns,  p.  43,  a  translation.  It  is  attributed 
by  Xeale  and  his  followers  to  Godeschalcus,  or  Gotschalk,  a  Ger- 
man monk,  who  died  about  950.  He  is  to  be  carefully  distin- 
guished, says  Neale,  from  Godeschalcus,  who  was  condemned  as 
a  heretic  on  predestination.  The  Proses  given  as  his  by  Wack- 
ernagel  and  Daniel  are  much  like  this. 

Theme.  Glory  to  God.     Psalm  cxlviii. 

Line  7-9.  Rev.  xiv.,  3. — 17.  Cauma,  -atis,  n.  (kclvho),  heat,  in 

the  Vulgate,  Job  xxx.,  30,  last  ed.  of  White  and  Riddle.— 33. 

Freqnentans:  agrees  with  genus  humanum,  line  31. — 39.  Socii : 

the  choir  of  priests. — 41.  Pueruli:  a  special  choir  of  boys.— 43. 

Omnes :  the  people. 

Hymn  XIX. 

In  Daniel,  1,  2G1.  A  translation  by  Mrs.  Charles,  Christian  Life 
in  Song,  p.  198 ;  Neale,  Mediaeval  Hymns,  p.  182.  The  thirteenth 
century. 

Theme.  Alleluia. 

Line  8.  Hierusalem,  i.e.,  Ierusalem;  note  the  accent  on  the 
penult.  For  the  use  of  H  in  such  words,  see  p.  272,  Hymn  II., 
line  2,  note  on  Heli. — 11,  12.  Psalm  exxxvii.,  1. — 15,  16.  See 
remark  on  theme,  Hymn  XVIL,  p.  311. 

Hymn  XX. 

Neale's  Mediaeval  Hymns,  p.  163;  Schaff's  Christ  in  Song, 
translation  by  Prof.  T.  C.  Porter,  of  Lafayette  College,  p.  254. 
Thirteenth  century. 

Theme.  The  Resurrection  of  Christ.     Mark  xvi. 

Line  3.  Morte  :  abl.  of  separation.  II.,  425 ;  A.  and  G.,  54, 1,  b. 
S.  lacohi  (Mary  the  mother)  of  James. — 15.  Moiinmento :  dative 
for  nil  monumentum  (John  xx.,  4),  as  we  use  to  in  English  for  in- 
direct object  and  end  of  motion.  —  20.  (Juia,  that.  John  xx., 
'1 1   "ili. 


AL'CTORES  INCERTI — MARIA,  SCOTIAE  REGINA,  208-210.  313 

Hymn  XXI. 

In  Daniel,  1,  239 ;  Mone,  1,  319  ;  Wackernagel,  1,  84  ;  Trench, 
p.  311 ;  and  the  Breviaries.  Translation  in  Neale's  Mediaeval 
Hymns,  p.  18.  It  is  of  the  seventh  or  eighth  century.  The  later 
versions,  as  in  the  Breviarium  Romanum,  polish  it  up  a  good 
deal.  It  is  also  used  in  parts,  making  three  different  hymns.  It 
has  been  one  of  the  most  fertile  sources  of  happy  hymns.  Trench 
speaks  of  two  of  these  German  hymns  as  "  lovely  "  and  "  glori- 
ous."" "  Jerusalem,  my  happy  home,"  and  "  O  mother  dear,  Je- 
rusalem," arc  known  as  universal  favorites  with  our  English  peo- 
ple, and  have  a  venerable  antiquity  and  interesting  history.  See 
Neale's  Hymns  on  the  Joys  and  Glories  of  Paradise,  p.  18 ;  The 
New  Jerusalem,  Edinburgh,  1852 ;  Prime's  "  O  Mother  Dear  Jeru- 
salem," New  York,  1865. 

Theme.  The  New  Jerusalem.     The  Dedication  of  a  Church. 

Line  1.  Dicta  pacta  visio,  a  translation  of  the  Hebrew  word 
Jerusalem,  current  as  early  as  Origen.  Horn.,  ix.,  2. — 2.  1  Peter 
ii.,  5. — 3«  Rev.  xxi.,  2 — angelta  coroiiata.  Some  read  co-omata; 
some,  plausibly,  angelica  ornatu;  Trench,  ab  angelis  ornata. — 4,  5. 
(Urbs)  veniens,  praeparata,  copuletur  Domino  ut  sponsata. — 6. 
Supply  sunt.  For  the  description,  see  Rev.  xxi.,  19,  21. — 10. 
Tuiisionibus,  from  tunsio,  -nis,  pounding ;  a  late  derivative  from 
tundo.  Not  in  the  dictionaries.  Said  by  Mone  to  be  French. — 
13,  14.  Ephes.  ii.,  20.  The  Church  militant  is  distinctively 
Syon,  i.  e.,  speculation  looking  to  the  far  off;  the  Church  trium- 
phant is  Jerusalem,  i.  e.,  visio  pads.  So  says  Trench  after  Du- 
randus. — 17.  Canore;  Mone,  canoro.  A.  and  G.,  47,  3,  c. — 18. 
Favor e :  Mone,  fervor e.  Whether  the  two  last  stanzas  are  part 
of  the  original  poem  is  eagerly  disputed. 


XXXV.  MARIA,  SCOTIAE  REGINA. 
In  Konigsfeld,  1,  256 ;  Schaff,  p.  449. 

From  the  Prayer-book  of  Queen  Mary,  and  generally  believed 
to  be  her  composition. 

O 


314 


.NOTES. 


XXXVI.  MARTIN  LUTHER  AND  PHILIP  C.  BUTTMANN. 

Life.— Mabtm  Luther  was  born  at  Eisleben,  Nov.  10  1483 
and  died  there,  Feb.  18,  154G.  This  hymn  is  first  known  as 
printed  in  Augsburg,  1529.  It  has  been  generally  believed  to 
have  been  composed  there  during  the  sitting  of  the  Diet.  The 
translation  into  Latin  by  Buttmann  was  first  published  in  1830, 
at  a  jubilee  to  celebrate  the  publication  of  the  Confession  of 
Augsburg.  Buttmann,  the  great  grammarian  and  philologist 
was  born  in  1764,  and  died  in  1829,  shortly  before  the  publication 
of  this  translation.  The  hymn,  besides  its  great  merits  as  a  lyric 
of  Christian  heroism,  is  of  national  importance  as  part  of  the 
history  of  Germany.  There  are  earlier  translations  into  Latin, 
some  of  them  very  good.  The  text  of  the  hymn,  as  first  printed 
in  High-German,  is  as  follows. 

Wackernagel,  3,  20 : 

"Ein  feste  burg  ist  unser  Gott, 
Kin  gate  wehr  und  waffen, 
Er  hilfft  unns  frey  aus  aller  not 
Die  uns  ytzt  hat  betroffen. 
5  Der  alt  bose  feind 

Mit  ernst  ers  ytzt  meint, 
Gros  macht  und  viel  list 
Sein  grausam  rustling  ist, 
Aufferd  ist  nicht  seins  gleichen. 


10     'k  Mit  unser  macht  ist  nichts  gethan 
Wir  sind  gar  bald  verloren  : 
Es  streit  fur  uns  der  rechte  man. 
Den  Gott  hat  selbs  erkoren. 
Fragstu,  wer  der  ist  ? 

15        Er  heist  Jhesu  Christ, 
Der  Heir  Zebaoth, 
Und  [si  kcin  ander  Gott, 
Das  felt  mas  er  behalten. 


11  Und  wenn  die  welt  vol  Teuffel  wehi 
Unnd  woh  liii-  gar  vorschlingen, 


TOPLADY    AND    GLADSTONE,  213.  315 

So  fiirchten  wir  unns  nicht  zu  sehr, 
Es  sol  uns  doch  gelingen. 

Der  Eiirst  dieser  welt, 
Wie  sawr  er  sich  stellt, 
25         Thut  er  unns  doch  nicht, 
Das  macht,  er  ist  gericht, 
Ein  wortlin  kan  yhn  fellen. 

"Das  wort  sie  sollen  lassen  stahn 
Und  kein  danck  dazu  haben, 
80        Er  ist  bey  unns  wol  auff  dem  plan 
Mil  seinem  geist  und  gaben. 

Nemen  sie  den  leib, 
Gut,  eher,  kindt  und  weib  : 
Las  faren  dahin, 
35         Sie  habens  kein  gewin, 

Das  reich  mus  uns  doch  bleiben." 

Theme.  God  is  our  refuge  and  strength,  a  very  present  help  in 
trouble.     Psalm  xxxv. 

Line  5>  6.  (Is,  i.  e.,  diabolus),  cui  (est)  mos  (terrere),  iam  ter 
terret  nos. — 8.  1  Peter  v.,  8. — 9,  Illi  (diaboli,  leoni). — 23.  Dux 
saeculi,  'prince  of  this  world.     John  xvi.,  11. — 24.  Matt,  iv.,  10. 


XXXVII.  TOPLADY  AND  GLADSTONE. 

Life. — Augustus  Montague  Toplady  was  born  in  Surrey, 
1740;  studied  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin ;  was  vicar  of  Broad- 
hembury,  Devonshire  ;  and  wTrote  some  polemic  tracts  for  Calvin- 
ism, and  some  good  hymns,  of  which  the  best  and  most  eminent 
is  the  one  here  given.     He  died  in  1778. 

William  Ewart  Gladstone  wTas  born  in  Liverpool,  Dec.  29, 
1809  ;  graduated  as  a  double  first-class  at  Oxford,  1831 ;  was  in 
Parliament,  1832 ;  Lord  of  the  Treasury,  1834  ;  married,  July  25, 
1839,  to  a  daughter  of  Sir  Stephen  R.  Glynne,  Lord  Lyttleton  at 
the  same  time  marrying  her  sister.  In  commemoration  of  this 
double  marriage  wTas  published,  in  1861,  "Translations  by  Lord 
Lyttleton  and  the  Eight  Hon.  YVr    E.  Gladstone,"  in  which  the 


310  NOTES. 

following  is  contained,  written  in  1848.  The  author's  long  and 
useful  career  as  Prime  Minister  and  author  may  be  studied  in 
dictionaries  of  biography  or  histories  of  our  times. 

The  Hymn. 

In  SchafT,  Christ  in  Song,  p.  4G1,  the  original  with  valuable 
comment,  and  the  translation. 

Theme.  Christ  our  Refuge. 

Line  1,  2.  Isaiah  xxvi.,4;  Psalms  xviii.,  3;  xix.,  14;  Cant,  ii., 
14  ;  1  Cor.  x.,  4.-3,  4.  John  xix.,  34.-5,  6.  Rev.  i.,  5.— 17,  18. 
Fontem:  Zech.xiii.,  1.— 21,  22.  Romans  xiv.,  16. 


THE  RISE  AND  GROWTH  OF 
THE  CHRISTIAN  HYMNS. 


The  Jews,  and  the  heathen  Greeks  and  Romans,  used  psalms, 
odes,  hymns,  as  part  of  their  religious  services.  Jesus  used 
them  with  his  disciples.  They  are  mentioned  by  the  apostles, 
and  by  them  commended  as  part  of  the  worship  of  early  Chris- 
tians. Frequent  mention  of  the  singing  of  the  Christians  is  found 
in  early  writers;  and  it  is  evident  that,  besides  the  psalms  of  the 
Old  Testament,  original  hymns  were  sung  from  the  earliest  times 
giving  divine  honors  to  Christ.  The  special  attention  of  the 
Church  was  called  to  them  in  the  middle  of  the  fourth  century, 
by  the  fact  that  several  sects  of  heretics  were  using  them  to  prop- 
agate their  doctrines.  The  Arians  especially  had  composed 
hymns  wThich  had  taken  strong  hold  of  the  people  of  Constanti- 
nople and  the  East.  The  Synod  of  Laodicea,  A.D.  344-346,  tried 
to  cure  this  evil  by  forbidding  the  use  of  all  hymns  or  psalms  not 
found  in  the  Bible.  The  most  eminent  Christians  of  the  West, 
Hilary,  Ambrose,  and  Augustine,  thought  it  better  to  use  similar 
songs  of  orthodox  substance.  The  Latin  Church  was  ready  for 
the  new  hymns.  Those  of  Ambrose,  especially,  suited  them,  and 
came  into  universal  use,  first  among  his  people  in  Milan,  and  then 
throughout  Italy.  Similar  hymns  sprang  up,  it  was  hardly  known 
how,  and  became  current  every  where  with  those  who  spoke 
Latin. 

In  the  seventh  century,  at  the  Council  of  Toledo,  they  were 
formally  approved.  Each  generation  made  its  additions  to  the 
common  stock,  often  by  its  most  eminent  men ;  and  the  accu- 
mulation continued  as  long  as  Latin  w\as  spoken.  Afterward, 
when  the  Reformation  called  for  intelligible  hymns  of  the  people, 
translations  of  the  older  hymns  into  the  Germanic  languages 


31S     RISE    AM)    GROWTH    OF    THE    CHRISTIAN    HYMNS. 

continued  in  use  among  Protestants.  These  hymns  were  the  first 
original  poetry  of  the  people  in  the  Latin  language,  unless,  per- 
haps, those  critics  may  be  right  who  think  they  find  in  Livy  a 
prose  rendering  of  earlier  ballads.     The  so-called  classic  poetry 

was  an  echo  of  Greece,  both  in  substance  and  form, the  matter  and 
meters  were  both  imitated,  and  the  poems  were  composed  for  the 
lovers  ot*  Grecian  art  in  the  Roman  court.  It  did  not  spring  from 
the  people,  and  it  never  moved  the  people.  But  the  Christian 
hymns  were  proper  folk  poetry,  the  "Bible  of  the  people" — their 
Homeric  poems.  Their  making  was  not  so  much  speech  as  action. 
Legends  described  some  of  the  best  of  them  as  the  inspired  acts 
of  Christian  heroes.  They  were  m  substance  festive  prayers,  the 
simplest  rhythmic  offering  of  thanks  and  praise  to  the  giver  of 
light  and  of  rest,  both  natural  and  spiritual,  at  morning  and 
evening,  and  at  other  seasons  suited  to  the  remembrance  and 
rhythmical  rehearsal  of  the  truths  of  the  Bible.  Afterward  they 
came  to  commemorate  acts  of  martyrs  and  other  Christian  heroes ; 
and  then  they  became  the  utterance  of  the  brooding  love  and  faith 
of  contemplative  piety:  and  finally  the  elaborate  ingenuity  of 
monastic  scholarship  diesscd  up  any  thing  and  every  thing  re- 
ligious in  these  poetical  forms.  In  these  later  times  the  same 
scholars  rewrote  the  rude  old  hymns  into  correct  and  polished 
meters  for  the  use  of  the  Latin  Church.  The  singing  was  at  first 
by  the  whole  congregation,  but  in  later  times  the  music  has  be- 
come too  difficult,  and  trained  choirs  and  accompanying  instru- 
ments are  necessary  for  the  service. 

THE  LANGUAGE. 

TIk  language  of  the  early  hymns  is  the  common  speech  of  the 
day,  deeply  colored  by  Bible  idiom.  It  has  very  much  the  same 
relation  to  that  of  the  Augustan  books  which  Bunyan  has  to  Ba- 
con or  .Milton.  It  docs  not  differ  from  that  of  the  odes  of  Hor- 
ace more  than  the  household  talk  did  in  the  family  of  Horace's 
father;  and  the  differences  are  generally  gains.  A  lew  new 
word-  appear  which  are  needed  for  new  thoughts;  old  words  are 
ennobled  by  being  applied  to  Christian  uses;  the  main  differ- 
ence Is  ;i  greater  simplicity  of  structure  and  idiom,  which  is  a  re- 
turn to  the  real  speech  of  Rome,  and  is  better  than  the  artificial 


RISE    AND    GROWTH    OF    THE    CHRISTIAN    HYMNS.      319 

complexity  of  the  old  book  speech,  just  as  Bunyan  is  better  than 
Bolingbroke,  or  Homer  better  than  Pindar.  In  the  later  hymns 
an  artificial  elaboration  of  the  language  appears. 

THE  METERS. 

During  the  time  of  the  writing  of  the  hymns  an  essential  change 
took  place  in  the  pronunciation  of  Latin.  Quantity  and  pitch 
were  used  for  accent  and  emphasis  in  the  early  Latin ;  stress  or 
loudness  of  sound  gradually  took  their  place,  and  the  meters 
changed  at  the  same  time.  In  studying  the  prosody  of  the  hymns, 
a  change  is  needed  in  tbe  common  definitions  of  the  metrical  feet. 
They  should  be  defined  simply  by  the  order  and  make  of  the 
arsis  and  thesis : 

An  Iambus  is  a  monosyllabic  thesis  followed  by  a  monosyl- 
labic arsis. 

A  Trochee  is  a  monosyllabic  arsis  followed  by  a  monosyl- 
labic thesis. 

A  Dactyl  is  a  monosyllabic  arsis  followed  by  a  dissyllabic 
thesis. 

An  Anapaest  is  a  dissyllabic  thesis  followed  by  a  monosyl- 
labic arsis. 

In  the  Augustan  poetry  the  arsis  is  laid  on  long  syllables, 
in  the  later  Latin  poetry  it  is  laid  on  accented  syllables ;  an  iam- 
bus in  the  old  poetry  is  therefore  a  short  syllable  followed  by  a 
long,  while  in  the  later  poetry  it  is  an  unaccented  followed  by 
an  accented  syllable.  In  the  hymns  the  change  from  one  system 
to  the  other  is  gradual.  The  earliest  are  measured  regularly  by 
long  and  short  quantity.  Then  writers  who  mean  to  write  quan- 
titative verses  become  careless  about  their  quantities,  especially 
in  the  syllables  of  the  thesis.  As  we  go  on,  the  prose  accent  and 
the  arsis  more  and  more  often  coincide,  uutil  finally  it  is  enough 
to  make  good  verses  that  the  accented  syllables  of  prose  pronun- 
ciation shall  fall  in  the  arsis  and  the  unaccented  in  the  thesis 
of  the  feet  in  sufficient  numbers  to  keep  up  the  rhythmical  move- 
ment in  the  natural  reading  of  the  verses.  This  is  accentual 
meter.  For  a  more  careful  study  of  it,  take  March's  Anglo-Saxon 
Grammar,  page  222  and  after. 


320     RISK    AND    GROWTH    OF    THE    CHRISTIAN    HYMNS. 

RIME. 

Nations  who  unite  prose  accent  and  arsis  need  to  mark  off 
their  verses  plainly.  They  do  it  by  rime,  the  rhythmical  repe- 
tition of  letters.  When  the  riming  letters  begin  their  words,  it 
is  called  alliteration  ;  when  they  end  their  words,  it  is  called 
rhyme.  Ilime  seems  to  have  grown  naturally  into  use  in  the  later 
Latin  poetry.  It  will  be  seen  to  appear  first  as  an  occasional 
ornament  in  the  hymns,  and  become  regular  in  form  and  place  by 
slow  degrees.  The  old  Teutonic  poetry  used  alliteration  as  an 
essential  part  of  their  metrical  system,  and  German  and  Anglo- 
Saxon  poets  often  use  it  freely  in  their  Latin  verses.  Study  of 
the  alliterative  meters  as  well  as  the  quantitative  is  desirable  for 
the  full  appreciation  of  the  hymns.  The  stanzas  which  are  found 
in  the  hymns  of  this  book  are  described  in  the  following  table. 
The  use  of  the  names  of  compound  meters  has  been  avoided,  and 
the  scanning  given  as  far  as  possible  in  simple  feet.  In  the  care- 
ful study  of  the  verse,  attention  should  be  given  both  to  the  an- 
cient quantities  and  the  prose  accents  of  the  syllables  in  each 
foot. 


THE   STANZAS. 


DACTYLIC. 

I.  Hexameters.— Pages  61,  69,  99,152. 

Salve  |  saneta  Pajrens,  ||  e|nixa  pu|erpera  |  Eegem. 

II.  Hexameters  rhymed. — The  second  foot  rhymes  with  the 
fourth  in  each  line,  and  the  ends  of  the  adjacent  lines 
rhyme  in  pairs.     Pages  126,  127. 

Hie  breve  |  vivitur,  ||  hie  breve  \pldngltur,  ||  hie  breve  |  fletur: 
Non  breve  |  vlverS,  \\  non  breve  \pldngere  ||  retribu|ETL"R. 

III.  Elegiacs. — 1  Hexameter +  1  Pentameter.     Page  65. 

Crux  bene|dlcta  nijtet,  ||  Domi|nus  qua  |  carne  pejpendit, 
Atque  crujure  su|o  ||  vuluera  |  nostra  la|vit. 

IV.  1  Hexameter +1  Pentameter +  1  Hexameter.     Page  67. 
V.  1  Hexameter  +  2  Pentameters.     Page  67. 

VI.  Tetrameters,  4  accentual  dactyls ;  the  caesura  after  the 
second  foot;  the  ends  of  adjacent  lines  rhyming  in  pairs 
or  fours.     Page  176. 

Ciir  mundus  \  militat  j  |  sub  vana  |  gloria, 
Cuius  pro|speritas  ||  est  trknsi\t6riaf 

VII.  Tetrameters. — 2  Adonics  in  a  verse,  with  alliteration  or 
irregular  rhyme.     Pages  86, 102. 

(Allit.)  Sed  tibi,  |  Sancte,  ||  Soliis  i|mago. 

(Rhyme.)      Nocte  di|eque  ||  iuncta  ma,\nebit, 
A"bsque  malrito  ||  nemo  |  \i\debit. 

VIII.  Tetrameter  catalectic. — 3  dactyls  and  a  catalectic  sylla- 
ble, the  adjacent  lines  rhyming  in  pairs.     Page  6. 

O  2 


322  THE    STANZAS. 

Martyria  |  eccg  dl|e's  Arga\ihai 
Virginia    emicat    eximi 

IX.  Dimeter.— Two  accentual  dactyls,  with  varying  rhymes. 
Pages  111,131,193. 

Mitt  it  ad  |  vlrginem 
Nod  qufemvis  |  angelum. 

These  hymns  may  also  be  scanned  as  iambic  dimeter 
brachycatalectic,  No.  XXIX. 
X.  Adonic. — Dactyl -f  spondee.    Page  196. 

Plaudit e  j  coell. 

XL  Stanza  of  six  verses.— 1,  2,  4,  5,  Adonics,  rhyming  in  pairs; 
3,  6,  dactylic  trimeters,  rhyming.     Page  188. 

IAMBIC. 
XII.  Trimeter.— 6  iambics.    Page  62. 

XIII.  Stanza  of  four  lines.— 1, 2,  3,  iambic  trimeters ;  4,  an  Adon- 

ic.    Page  3. 

XIV.  Trrmeter  BRAcnvcATALECTic— 5  iambics.     Page  199, 

irregular  verses. 
XV.  Dimeter.  — 4   iambics   with   the    interchangeable   feet. 
Pages  1,  2,  5,  8,  9,  11,  12,  13,  17,  18,  21,  22,  24,  25,  26, 
28  (2),  29,  33,  34,  36,  37  (2),  38,  39  (2),  40,  42,  55,  56, 
57,58,59,60,66,75,77,79,81,82. 
XVI.  Stanzas  of  dimeters  (2  or  4),  rhyming  in  pairs  of  adjacent 

lines.     Pages  183, 184,  74,  98, 159, 160, 190. 
XVII.  Stanzas  of  dimeters,  rhyming  in  triplets.     Page  206,  and 
last  stanza,  page  148. 

O  filii  |  et  fi]\iae 

Rkx  cor  testis,  I  rrx  g\6r\iae 

Mdrte  |  surrox  it  hod|i"g. 

XYII1.   Stanza  of  dimeters,  rhyming  in  fours.     Page  122. 178. 
XIX.   Stanza  of  seven  dimeters,  verses  1,  2  and  3,  4  and  5,  6,  T 

rhyming.     Page  47. 
XX.  Stanza  of  eight  dimeters,  rhyming  in  pairs  of  adjacent 
lines.     Page  199. 


THE    STANZAS.  323 

XXL  Stanza  of  eight  dimeters,  irregularly  rhymed  ;  verse  8  re- 
peating verse  1.     Page  79. 
XXII.  Stanza  of  four  verses.     1,  2,  dimeter,  rhyming;  3,  4,  trim- 
eter brachycatalectic  (see  XIV.),  rhyming.     Page  110. 

XXIII.  Stanza  of  eight  verses.     1,  3,  dimeter,  rhyming;  2,  4,  8, 

dimeter  catalectic  (see  XXVII.),  rhyming;  5,  6,  7,  dim- 
eter brachycatalectic,  rhyming. 

Veni,  |  Crea|tor  S$ir\itus, 
Spiri|tus  re  |  ere  a  [tor, 
Tu  thins,  |  tu  da;tus  coQl\itus, 
Tu  do  |  n  urn  tii  |  don  a  |  tor; 
Tii  lex,  |  tu  digjitus, 
A'lens  |  et  al|itiis, 
Spiralis  |  et  spir|itus, 
Spira|tus  et  |  spiriJTOR. 

XXIV.  Stanza  of  nine  verses.     1,  3,  dimeters ;  2,  4,  dimeter  cata- 

lectic, rhyming;  5,  6,  7,  acephalous  dimeter  brachy- 
catalectic, 5  rhyming  with  6 ;  8,  dimeter  brachycata- 
lectic, rhyming  with  7 ;  9,  a  dimeter  catalectic,  with- 
out rhyme.     Page  211. 

Arx  firm  ] a  De|us  nos|ter  est, 
Is  teljum,  quo  ]  mtd\mur; 
Is  ex  |  plica  t  |  ex  onVmbus 
Queis  ma  lis  im  \i\icd\mur. 

Nam  |  cui  semjper  mds, 

lam  |  ter  terjret  nos; 

Per  |  astum  |  per  vim, 
Saevam  |  levat  |  sitim; 

Nil  par  |  in  terjris  il|li. 

XXV.  Stanza  of  four  verses.  1,  3,  dimeter,  rhyming;  2,  4,  dim- 
eter brachycatalectic,  rhyming.     Page  178. 

XXVI.  Stanza  of  six  verses.  1,  3,  5,  dimeter;  2,  4,  6,  dimeter 
acephalous ;  1  and  2,  3  and  4,  5  and  6  rhyming.  Page 
90. 

Pascha|lis  fes|ti  gaujdiw??* 
Mundji  rejplet  am  h'xtuni  ;  etc. 


324  THE    STANZA-. 

XXVII.  Dimeter  Catalectic. — 4  iambics,  less  the  final  sylla- 
ble.    Page  195. 

Crux  :ivc  ben | edict  a, 

lVr  te  mors  est  |  devict  a. 

XXVIII.  Stanza  of  six  verses.  1,  2,  4,  5,  dimeter  catalectic, 
rhyming  in  pairs;  3,  6,  dimeter  braeliycatalectic  (3 
iambics),  rhyming.     Page  170. 

O  es  ca  vi  atojrum! 
()  pa  nis  an  gelo|rum ! 
O  manjna  coel|itum!  etc. 

XXIX.  Dimeter   Brachycatalectic.  —  3   iambics.     Pages 
193,111,131. 

Tandem  |  audijte  me 
Sionjis  filiae ! 

These  hymns  may  be  read  as  dactylic  dimeters. 
No.  IX. 

TROCHAIC. 

XXX.  Tetrameter  Catalectic. — 8  trochees,  less  one  sylla- 
ble. The  caesura  follows  the  fourth  foot.  Pages 
45,  04,  71,  94,  208. 

Pange,  |  lingua,  j  glori|6se  ||  proelijum  cer|tami|nis. 

XXXI.  Same  meter  arranged  in  a  stanza  of  two  verses,  the 

first  a  dimeter,  the  second  a  dimeter  catalectic. 

Page  168,  etc.     See  XXXVL,  XXXVII.,  XXXVIII. 

XXXII.  Trimeter  Catalectic — G  trochees,  less  one  syllable. 

Page  1G4. 

Quae  sub  |  his  fig  juris  ||  vere  |  latijtiis. 

The  first  verse  of  this  hymn  has  a  syllable  of  ana- 
crusis before  beginning  the  regular  meter. 

Adoro  |  t<:  de  vote,  ||  liitens  |  Ddi  tas. 

XXXIII.  Dimeter. — 4  trochees,  rhymes  in  pairs  of  adjacent 

verses.     Pages  100, 103, 104,  105, 15G,  178,  179. 

XXXIV.  Stanza  of  six  dimeters,  rhymed  in  pairs.     Page  213. 


THE    STANZAS.  325 

XXXY.  Stanza  of  three  dimeters,  rhymed  in  triplets.     Page 
154. 

Dies  |  irae,  |  dies  |  ilia 
Solvet  |  saeclum  |  in  ia\villa, 
Teste  |  David  |  cum  Sy  billa. 

XXXVI.  Stanza  of  four  verses.     1,  3,  dimeters,  rhyming;  2,4, 

dimeters  catalectic,  rhyming.     Page  189. 
XXXVII.  Stanza  of  six  verses.     1,  3,  5,  dimeters;  2,  4,  6,  dime- 
ter   cataleetic.      Pages    51,  205.     With   alternate 
rhymes.     Page  168. 
XXXVIII.  Stanza  of  eight  verses.     Two  of  No.  XXXVI.  united. 
Page  49. 

XXXIX.  Stanza  of  six  verses.  1,  2  and  4,  5,  dimeters,  rhyming 
in  pairs ;  3,  6,  dimeters  catalectic,  rhyming.  Pages 
119,  138,  143,  145,  146,  149,  151, 157,  165, 171, 173, 
197. 

Stabat  |  mater  |  dolo|  rosa 
Iuxta  |  criicem  j  \hcrx\mosa 

Dum  pen  |  debat  ]  fill  |  us 
Cuius  |  anijmam  ge\mentem 
Contrisjtantem  |  et  dollentem 

Pertransjivit  |  gladi|us. 

XL.  Stanza  of  eight  verses.  1,  2,  3  and  5,  6,  7,  dimeters, 
rhyming  in  triplets;  4,  8,  dimeters  catalectic, 
rhyming.  Pages  134,  140,  and  two  stanzas,  pages 
167, 168,  where  also  is  a  single  stanza  often  verses, 
1,  2,  3,  4  and  6,  7,  8,  9  rhyming  in  fours. 

XLI.  Dimeters  of  two  rhyming  monometers,  with  alternate 
dimeters  catalectic,  rhyming.     Pages  130, 146, 191. 

Lumen  |  cldrum  ||  tene\b?'d?'um 

Se'di|bus  rejsplendujit; 
Dum  sal|iwe,  ||  re'cre|a?-e 

Quod  crejavit,  |  volujit. 

XLII.  Stanza  of  eight  verses.  1,  2,  3,  5,  6,  7,  dimeters  of 
two  rhyming  monometers;  4,  8,  dimeters  catalec- 
tic, rhyming.  Page  145,  Hymn  VII.,  in  wdiich  see 
other  arrangements  of  rhymes  in  similar  meters. 


326  THE    STANZAS. 

XL  III.  Stanza  of  seven  verses.  1,3  and  5,  6,  dimeters,  rhym- 
ing in  pairs;  2,  4,  dimeters  catalectic,  rhyming;  7, 
a  monometer.     Page  192. 

XLIV.  Stanza  of  ten  verses.  1,  2,  3,  4  and  6,  7,  8,  9,  dime- 
ters, rhyming  in  pairs  or  fours ;  5,  10,  iambic  dime- 
ters, rhyming.     Pages  114,  116,  117. 

XLV.  Dimeteb  Catalectic. — 4  trochees,  less  the  final  sylla- 
ble, adjacent  rhymes  in  pairs.  Page  15G,  lines  56, 
57;  199,  Hymn  XIV.,  6-9. 

Iesu,  j  pie  |  domijne, 
Dona  |  eos  |  requije/ 

XL VI.  Stanza   of  six   verses.     Dimeters   catalectic,  1,  2   and 

3,  G  and  4,  5  rhyming  in  pairs.     Page  92. 
XL VII.  Stanza  of  seven  verses.     Dimeters  catalectic,  1,  3  and 
2,  4,  7  and  5,  6  rhyming;   or  1,  2,  3,  4  and  5,  6,  7 ;   or 

1,  2,  3  and  4,  7  and  5,  G.     Pages  135,  13G. 

XL VIII.  Stanza  of  eight  verses.     1,  3,  5,  7,  dimeters  catalectic; 

2,  4,  G,  8,  dimeters  brachycatalectic,  rhyming  all  four. 
Page  121.  The  same  stanza  printed  as  four  verses. 
Pages  162, 186. 

Quantum  |  hamum  |  cari|tas  |]  tibi  |  praesenjtarit, 
Mori  |  ciim  pro  |  hdmijne  ||  te  so|lici  |  tiivit;  etc. 

XLIX.  Stanza  of  ten  verses.  1,  3,  5,  6,  8,  9,  dimeter  catalec- 
tic ;  2, 4,  6,  10,  dimeter  brachycatalectic ;  1,  3  and  2, 4 
and  5,6  and  7,10  and  8,9  rhyme;  and  5,6  rhyme 
either  with  1,  3  or  8,  9.  Page  181. 
L.  Dimeter  Brachycatalectic. — 3  trochees.  Stanza  of 
four  verses.     Page  90. 

A've  |  maris  |  Stella, 
Dei  |  mater  |  alma 
At  'que    semper  |  virgo, 
Felix    coeli  ,  porta. 

LI.  Monometer. — 2  trochees.  Stanza  of  six  verses.  1,  2 
and  4,  5, monbmeters,  rhyming  in  pairs;  3,  6,  iambic 
dimeters,  rhyming.     Page  161. 


THE    STANZAS.  327 

Christum  |  ducem, 

Qui  per  |  crucem 

Rede[mit  nos  |  ab  hos|tibiis, 

Laudet  |  coe'tus 

Noster  |  laetus, 

Exuljtet  coejlum  laiidjibiis. 

LII.  Stanza  of  four  verses.  1,  2,  3,  Sapphics;  4,  an  Adonic. 
Pages  31,  74,  76,  77.  Same  stanza  printed  as  seven  verses, 
page  84.  The  simplest  analysis  of  the  Sapphic  is :  tro- 
chee +  spondee  -f-  dactyl  -f-  trochee  -|- trochee  ;  the  Adon- 
ic :  dactyl  -f-  trochee. 

Christe  |  cunctojrum  ||  domijnator  |  alme, 
Cerne  be|nlgnus. 

LIII.  Choriambic  Tetrameter  (Asclepiadean). — A  spondee + 
2  choriambi  +  an  iambus.  Stanza  of  three  verses.  1,  2, 
Asclepiadean;  3,  a  Pherecratean:  spondee +  choriambus 
+  a  syllable.     Page  202. 

A'llejliua  piis  |  edite  laud|ibus, 
Cives  |  aetherei,  |  psallite  suav|lter 
A'lleluia  pereu|ne. 

LIV.  Choriambic  Tetrameter  Catalectic. — A  spondee +  2 
choriambi  +  a  syllable.     Pages  14, 15. 

Squalent  |  arva  soli  )  pulvere  muljto. 

ANAPAESTIC. 

LV.  Dimeter  Catalectic. — A  spondee  +  2  anapaests  -f  a  sylla- 
ble ;  spondees  and  anajxaests  interchange.    Page  53. 

Iara  maesjta  quie'sjce  quere|la 
Lacrimas  |  suspen|dite  majtres. 

LVI.  Monometer  Hypermeter,  and  monometer  irregularly 
rhymed.     Page  210. 

O  Domjine  De|us! 
Speni  |  vi  in  te  ; 
O  cajre  mi  Ieju! 
Nunc  lib! era  me. 


328  THE    STANZA-. 

Reading  the  last  syllable  of  each  hypermetric  line 
with  the  first  two  of  the  next  line  makes  continu- 
ous  anapaests. 

RHYTHMIC  PROSES. 

LVIL  Unrhymed.     Pages  20,  88  (2). 
LVIII.  Rhymed.     Pages  89, 178, 179, 185,  203. 


TABLE  OF  FIRST  LINES. 


Meter. 

A  solis  ortus  cardine XV. 

A  solis  ortus  cardine XV. 

Ad  coeli  clara  non  sum  dignus  sidera. .  XIII. 

Ad  coenam  Agni  providi XV. 

Ad  perennis  vitae  fori-) 
tem  mens  sitivit  arida ) 

Ad  regias  Agni  dapes XV. 

Adoro  te  devote,  la  tens  Deitas XXXII. 

Ad  versa  mundi  toiera XXV. 

Aeterna  Christi  munera XV. 

Aeterne  rerum  conditor XV. 

Ales,  diei  nuntius  XV. 

Alleluia,  dulee  carmen XXXVII. 

Alleluia  piis  edite  laudibus LIII. 

Alpha  et  Q,  magne  Deus , XXXIII. 

Apparebit  repentina  dies  magna  Domini  XXX. 

Arte  mira,  miro  consilio XIV. 

Arx  flrma  Deus  noster  est XXIV. 

Astant  angelorum  chori XXXIII. 

Audi,  benigne  conditor XV. 

Aurea  luce  et  decore  roseo XII. 

Aurora  lucis  rutilat XV. 

Ave  maris  Stella * L. 

Beata  Christi  passio XVI. 

Beata  nobis  gaudia XV. 

Cantemus  cuncti  melodum LVIII. 

Christe,  cunctorum  dominator  alme.. . .  LII. 

Christe,  qui  lux  es,  et  dies XV. 

Christum  ducem LI. 

Circa  thronum  maiestatis XL. 

Coeli  Deus  sanctissime XV. 

Coelos  ascendit  hodie XVI. 


Author. 

Fage. 

Ambrosiani. 

42 

Sedulius. 

59 

Hilarius. 

3 

Ambrosiani  (p.  236). 

33 

August  iniani. 

45 

Ambrosiani. 

33 

Thomas  Aquinas. 

1G4 

Thomas  a  Kempis. 

178 

Ambrosiani. 

22 

Ambrose. 

8 

Prudentius. 

55 

Incertus. 

205 

Incertus. 

202 

Hildebert. 

103 

Incertus. 

71 

Incertus. 

199 

Luther,  Buttmann. 

211 

Thomas  a  Kempis. 

179 

Gregory. 

75 

Elpis. 

02 

Ambrosiani. 

34 

Incertus. 

90 

Bonaventura. 

160 

Hilarius. 

5 

Incertus. 

203 

Ambrosiani. 

31 

Ambrosiani. 

28 

Bonaventura. 

161 

Adam  of  St.  Victor. 

140 

Ambrosiani. 

38 

Incertus. 

201 

:;:M 


TABLE    OF    FIRST    LINKS. 


Meter.  Author. 

<\>r  Ic  nam-  ex  parentis XXXVII.  Prudentius  (1.7). 

( Iredere  quid  dubitem  fieri  / 

quod  posse  probatur        j L  Marbo(i 

Crucem  pro  nobis  subiit XVI.  Bonaventura. 

( 'rux  ave  benedicta XXVII.  Incertus, 

Crux  benedicta  nitet,  Domi-  ) 

nusquacarnepependit       f    IIL  F°rtunatua. 

Cur  mundus  militat VI.  Jacoponus. 

Da.  puer,  pl<  ctrum  choreis XXXVII.  Prudentius. 

Desere  iam.  anima,  lectulum  soporis. . .  XLVIII.  Incertus. 

Deus,  creator  omnium XV.  Ambrose. 

I  >eus-bomo,  rex  coelorum XXXIII.  Marbod. 

Deus.  pater  ingenite XV.  Hilarius. 

Dies  irae.  dies  ilia XXXV.  Thomas  of  Celano, 

Dulcis  Iesu.  spes  pauperis XX.  Incertus. 

Ecce,  iam  noctis  tenuatiur  umbra LII.  Gregory. 

Ecquis  binas  columbinas XLT.  Incertus. 

Eia  recolamua  Laudibus LVIII.  Notker. 

Fulgentis  auctor  aethcris XV.  Ambrose. 

< .aude.  mortalitas IX.  Petrus  Vencrabiiis. 

Gloria,  laus  et  honor  tibi  sit  ) 

rexCbristeredemptor         f    IIL  T^eodulph. 

Grates  nunc  omnes  red-  ) 

damus  Domino  Deo    )  LVIL  Notkc'r- 

Gravi  me  terrore  pulsas,  ) 

vi.ae  dies  ultima           \  XXX'  D*™'™™' 

Heri  mundus  exultavit XXXIX.  Adam  of  St.  Victor. 

Ibroiles.  hostis  Lmpie XV.  Sedulius. 

I  leu  quid  iaees  stabulo XLIX.  Mauburne. 

Hie  breve  vivitur,  hie  breve  plangitur.  .             II.  Bernard  of  Clugny. 

Hie  est  dies  irerus  Dei XV.  Ambrose. 

Hie  esl  <|ui  carnis  in  trans) 

ergastula  nostrae            \  L  A1«anus. 

Hominis  superne  conditor •        XV.  Ambrosiani. 

Hora  aovissima, tempora  pessima II.  Bernard  of  Clugny. 

l!       qui  ductus  tertia XVI.  Bonaventura, 

Hymnum  canamus  gloriae XV.  Beda. 

1 1 \-iin Him  canentes  martyrum XXI.  Beda. 


Pafre. 

M 

99 

159 

195 

05 
17G 

51 

186 

9 
100 

2 
L64 

191) 

71 

191 

89 

13 

131 

<S7 

88 

9-1 

143 

CO 

181 

\'2C> 

17 

152 

39 
L26 

159 
81 
79 


TABLE   OF   FIRST   LINEb. 


331 


Meter.                         Author.  Page. 

Hymnum  dicamus  Domino XV.  Ambrosiani.  21 

Immense  coeli  conditor XV.  Ambrosiani.  37 

In  Uomino  semper  spera LVIII.  Thomas  a  Kempis.  170 

Inlnminans  altissimus XV.  Ambrose.  18 

lam  moesta  quiesce  querela LV.  Prudentius.  53 

lam  sexta  sensim  solvitur XV.  Ambrosiani.  26 

Iesu  dulcis  memoria XVIII.  St.  Bernard.  122 

lesu,  nostra  redemptio XV.  Ambrosiani.  25 

Iesus  pro  me  perforatus XXXIV.  Toplady,  Gladstone.  213 

Labor  parvus  est LVIII.  Thomas  a  Kempis.  178 

Lauda,  Sion,  salvatorem XXXIX.  Thomas  Aquinas.  1G5 

Lucis  creator  optime XV.  Ambrosiani.  36 

Lucis  largitor  splendide XV.  Ililarius.  1 

Lux  ecce  surgit  aurea XV.  Prudentius.  57 

Magnae  Deus  potentiae XV.  Ambrosiani.  39 

Martyris  ecce  dies  Agathae VIII.  Damasus.  6 

Media  vita  in  morte  sumus LVII.  Notker.  88 

Mediae  noctis  tempus  est XV.  Ambrosiani.  29 

Mittit  ad  virginem IX.  Abelard.  Ill 

Mortis  portis  fractis  fortis XLI.  Petrus  Venerabilis.  130 

Mundi  renovatio XLVII.  Adam  of  St.  Victor.  135 

Nate,  Patri  coaequalis XXXII  I.  Hildebert.  104 

Nocte  surgentes  vigilemus  omnes LII.  Gregory.  76 

Xuntium  vobis  fero  de  supernis LII.  Gregory.  77 

O  Deus,  ego  amo  te XVI.  Incertus.  190 

O  Domine  Deus LVI.  Mary  of  Scotland.  210 

O  esca  viatorum XXVIII.  Thomas  Aquinas.  170 

O  filii  et  filiae XVII.  Incertus.  206 

O  gens  beata  coelitum XIX.  Augustiniani.  47 

O  lux  beata,  Trinitas XV.  Ambrosiani.  28 

O  miranda  vanitas XLVIII.  St.  Bernard.  121 

O,  Rex  aeterne,  Domine XV.  Ambrosiani.  40 

O  sola  magnarum  urbium XV.  Prudentius.  58 

O  ter  foecundas XL  Incertus.  188 

Obduxere  polum  nubila  coeli LIV.  Ambrose.  15 

Omnis  mundi  creatura XXXIX.  Alanus.  149 

Optatus  votis  omnium XV.  Ambrosiani.  24 

Ornarunt  terram  gcrmina XXII.  Abelard.  110 


332 


TABLE   OF   FIKST   LINES. 


Meter.  Author. 

Pange,   lingua,   gloriosi)  ,.„.,„,  ,.„ 

XXXVII.  Thomas  Aquinas.         1G8 

corporis  mysterium     >  ■ 

Pange,  lingua,  gloriosi)  „„„ 

,.                            XXX.  Fortunatus.  G4 

proelium  certaminis    ) 

Paraclitus  increatus XXXIII.  Hildebert.  105 

Parvum  quando  cerno  Deum XXXVI.  Incertus.  189 

Paschalis  festi  gaudium XXVI.  Damiani.  lM\ 

Patiendo  lit  homo  melior. LVIII.  Thomas  a  Kempis.      179 

Paule,  doctor  egregie XVI.  Damiani.  98 

Plaudite,  coeli X.  Incertus.  196 

Pone  Luctum,  Magdalena XLIII.  Incertus.  192 

Potestate,  non  natura XL.  Adam  of  St.  Victor.      134 

Puer  natus  in  Bethlehem XVI.  Incertus.  183 

Quam  dilecta  tabernacla. .  .XLI.,  XXXIX.,  XVII.  Adam  of  St.  Victor.      14G 

Quantum  hamum  cari-)  „r^rr„  ^ 

...               ,     .       ••  XLVIII.  Bonaventura.  1G2 

tas  tihi  praesentavit   ) 

Qui  Lacuisti  mortuus XVI.  Bonaventura.  1G0- 

Qui  procedis  ab  utroque XXXIX.  Adam  of  St.  Victor.      138 

Qui  sunt  isti LVIII.  Incertus.  185 

Quid,  tyranne,  quid  minaris XXXVIII.  Augustiniani.  49 

Quum  a  malis  molestaris XXXIII.  -f  XVIII.  Thomas  a  Kempis.      178 

Quum  sit  omnis  homo  foenum XXXIX.  St.  Bernard.  119 

Recordare  sanctae  crucis XXXIX.  Bonaventura.  157 

Rex  ( Jhriste,  factor  omnium XVI.  Gregory.  74 

Rex  Deus,  immensi  quo  con-)  T  ^ 

.             I    I.  Eugenms.  GO 

stat  machma  mundi  )  ° 

Salve,  caput  cruentatum =....,...  XLIV.  St.  Bernard.  1 16 

Salve,  lest  a  dies,  toto)  „       ,  „ 

....                  [    IV. +V.  Fortunatus.  G7 

venerabuis  aevo     j 

Salve,  mundi  salutare XLIV.  St.  Bernard.  114 

Salve,  sancta  Parens,  enixa) 

,,                    ■  S I.  Sedulius.  Gl 

puerpera  Legem  ) 

Salve,  t  ropaeum  gloriae XV.  Beda.  82 

Salvete,  flores  martyrum XV.  frudentius.  M 

Sicul  chorda  musicorum XXXIX. +  XLII.  Adam  of  St,  Victor.      146 

Splendor  paternae  gloriae XV.  Ambrose.  11 

Squalent  arva  soli  pulvere multo LIV.  Ambrose.  14 

Stabat  mater  dolorosa XXXIX.  [acoponus.  171 

Stabat  mater  speciosa XXXIX.  Iacoponus,  173 

Siiiimii  regis  cor, aveto XLIV.  St. Bernard.  117 

Surrexil  Cbristus  hodie XVI.  Incertus.  184 


TABLE    OF    FIRST    LINES. 


333 


Meter.                         Author.  Pagre. 

Tandem  audite  me XXIX.  Ineertus.  193 

Te  Deum  laudamus LVII.  Ambrosiani.  20 

Te  homo  laudet,  alme  Creator VII.  Alcuin.  8G 

Telluris  ingens  conditor XV.  Ambrosiani.  37 

Tu  qui  velatus  facie XVI.  Bonaventura.  159 

Turtur  inane  nescit  amare VII.  Hildebert.  102 

Urbs  beata  Ierusalcm  dicta  pacis  visio.  XXX.  Ineertus.  208 

Ut  queant  laxis  resonare  fibris LII.  Paulus  Diaconus.  84- 

Veni,  creator  Spiritus  (mentes) XV.  Gregory.  77 

Veni,  creator  Spiritus  (spiritus) XXIII.  Adam  of  St.  Victor.      137 

Veni,  redemptor  gentium XV.  Ambrose.  12 

Veni,  Sancte  Spiritus XLVI.  Robert.  92 

Verbum  Dei,  Deo  natum XXXIX.  Ineertus.  197 

Vexilla  regis  prodeunt XV.  Fortunatus,  G6 

Vita  nostra  plena  bellis XXXIX.  Alanus.  151 


THE     END, 


